[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reference-medical-conditions-{\"species\":\"cattle\"}":3},{"data":4,"meta":2037},[5,107,174,226,254,295,365,393,541,581,631,679,733,757,779,810,859,888,917,952,1021,1063,1104,1132,1171,1216,1283,1314,1350,1375,1398,1421,1468,1513,1553,1595,1625,1663,1823,1886,1941,1964,2014],{"title":6,"id":7,"documentId":8,"heading":9,"slug":10,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":12,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":14,"drugs":73},"Anaplasmosis",293,"cjkmjqu2zevxweofeb9inwzc","داء الأنابلازما","anaplasmosis",null,"تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بداء الأنابلازما لدى المجترات كريات الدم الحمراء، والأغشية المخاطية، والطحال والكبد والمرارة والعقد اللمفية الكبدية والمنصفية لدى الأبقار النافقة، والجهاز التناسلي، إذ قد يحدث الإجهاض لدى الإناث والعقم المؤقت لدى الذكور. تصيب Anaplasma platys لدى الكلبيات الصفيحات الدموية والخلايا المنوّاة العملاقة (megakaryocytes)، وتمسّ في الكلاب العين والغشاء المخاطي للفم والجلد والعقد اللمفية والطحال، بينما تصيب A. phagocytophilum العدلات لدى فقاريات مختلفة.",true,[15,22,27,32,36,40,45,50,54,61,64,67,70],{"claims":16,"source":17,"licence":18,"source_url":19,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"genus taxonomy, A. marginale in red cells, tick and mechanical vectors, no human infection with A. marginale, distinction from babesiosis, A. centrale vaccine","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024 - Chapter 3.4.1 Bovine anaplasmosis","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.01_BOVINE_ANAPLASMOSIS.pdf","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":23,"source":24,"licence":25,"source_url":26,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. phagocytophilum as human pathogen carried by Ixodes ticks, tick prevention, doxycycline as treatment of choice in people","CDC - About Anaplasmosis","not stated on source page (US federal government work)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fanaplasmosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":28,"source":29,"licence":30,"source_url":31,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. platys and A. phagocytophilum target cells, vectors, host range, clinical signs in dogs, co-infections, tetracyclines, acaricides, zoonotic status","Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control of Canine Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia and Granulocytic Anaplasmosis - Europe PMC full text","CC BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8705095\u002F",{"claims":33,"source":34,"licence":30,"source_url":35,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. ovis in red cells, signs in small ruminants, Tunisian prevalence and vectors, seasonality","Anaplasma ovis Prevalence Assessment and Cross Validation Using Multiparametric Screening Approach in Sheep from Central Tunisia - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9693597\u002F",{"claims":37,"source":38,"licence":30,"source_url":39,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. marginale prevalence and July peak in northern Algeria","Bovine piroplasmosis-anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (north Algeria) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7738714\u002F",{"claims":41,"source":42,"licence":43,"source_url":44,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"adult cattle mortality, early tetracycline treatment, clinical signs","University of Illinois Extension - Anaplasmosis (Beef Cattle)","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.illinois.edu\u002Fbeef-cattle\u002Fanaplasmosis",{"claims":46,"source":47,"licence":48,"source_url":49,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"age-related severity, needle transmission, transplacental carriers, herd-addition testing","Alabama Cooperative Extension System - Bovine Anaplasmosis","(c) 2026 Alabama Cooperative Extension System","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aces.edu\u002Fblog\u002Ftopics\u002Fbeef\u002Fbovine-anaplasmosis\u002F",{"claims":51,"source":52,"licence":43,"source_url":53,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms A. ovis in sheep and goats, extravascular red-cell destruction, necropsy lesions, ruminant differentials","MSD Veterinary Manual - Anaplasmosis in Ruminants (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Fanaplasmosis-in-ruminants",{"claims":55,"source":56,"licence":57,"source_url":58,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Arabic article (body)","MSD Veterinary Manual - Anaplasmosis in Ruminants","facts cited; the Arabic article is original text","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Fanaplasmosis-in-ruminants","apply-chain-articles.cjs","2026-10-14",{"claims":55,"source":62,"licence":57,"source_url":63,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3367650\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":65,"licence":57,"source_url":66,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Anaplasma platys beyond canines: a systematic review of host range, phylogenetic relatedness, and knowledge gaps in Africa (Parasites & Vectors, 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13020140\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":68,"licence":57,"source_url":69,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Anaplasma phagocytophilum - a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies (Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3717505\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":71,"licence":57,"source_url":72,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Opening the black box of Anaplasma phagocytophilum diversity: current situation and future perspectives (Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4536383\u002F",[74,79,85,91,96,101],{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},2094,"it07okh9q018mzk26lcmwctw","chlortetracycline","كلورتتراسيكلين",{"id":80,"documentId":81,"slug":82,"name":83,"heading":84},2124,"ffmipbw0zab57q6fzpuqjz4s","enrofloxacin","Enrofloxacin","إنروفلوكساسين",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},2180,"mobwje6owluqel8b1iwtnnj6","oxytetracycline","Oxytetracycline","أوكسي تتراسيكلين",{"id":92,"documentId":93,"slug":94,"name":94,"heading":95},1938,"vmr1amidiikn44p5wfuwkk04","imidocarb","إيميدوكارب",{"id":97,"documentId":98,"slug":99,"name":99,"heading":100},2225,"caokmdlctsumv3pue1d5tlea","tetracycline","تتراسيكلين",{"id":102,"documentId":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"heading":106},2119,"qz64jsk6gakygq5c26u8crhn","doxycycline","Doxycycline","دوكسيسيكلين",{"title":108,"id":109,"documentId":110,"heading":111,"slug":112,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":113,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":114,"drugs":137},"Anthrax",300,"qq5jnjusd9g94oai5ixdfqn0","الجمرة الخبيثة","anthrax","تنتقل عصيات الجمرة الخبيثة (anthrax) عبر القنوات اللمفاوية إلى العقد اللمفاوية ثم تنتشر في الدوران مسببة تسمم الدم وإصابة الأعضاء الداخلية، وتشمل الآفات بعد النفوق الطحال المتضخم اللين، والنزوف على السطوح المصلية للبطن والصدر وعلى النخاب والشغاف ومخاطية القناة الهضمية، واحتقان الكبد والكليتين والعقد اللمفاوية وتضخمها. تتأثر كذلك الأنسجة تحت الجلد والحلق، فقد تظهر وذمة حول الحلق والرقبة، وتورمات وذمية تحت الجلد لدى بعض المجترات في أسفل الرقبة والصدر والكتفين وأحيانًا الأعضاء التناسلية، ويتورم الحلق في الخنازير عند إصابة البلعوم الفموي، وقد توجد آفات في العقد اللمفاوية الرقبية واللوزتين لدى خنازير سليمة ظاهريًا عند الذبح. تشمل المواضع الأخرى الأمعاء، إذ قد تسبب إصابتها فقدان الشهية والقيء والإسهال الدموي أحيانًا أو الإمساك، والرئتين لدى الخنانيص التي تصاب بالشكل الرئوي باستنشاق الغبار الملوث، والجلد فيما بدا شكلًا جلديًا لدى بعض الأبقار الملقحة سابقًا خلال فاشية في كندا.",[115,119,123,128,134],{"claims":116,"source":117,"licence":18,"source_url":118,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, spore persistence, host range, ingestion route, worldwide distribution, species signs, carcass signs, diagnosis, vaccination, antibiotics, carcass control, zoonosis, WOAH-listed","WOAH - Anthrax disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fanthrax\u002F",{"claims":120,"source":121,"licence":30,"source_url":122,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis and toxins, susceptibility order, endemic regions and weather triggers, clinical signs, necropsy findings, differentials, field antibiotics, poor prognosis, Sterne vaccine, carcass disposal","Review of anthrax: A disease of farm animals (open-access review, PMC9298093)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9298093\u002F",{"claims":124,"source":125,"licence":126,"source_url":127,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"soil reservoir worldwide, affected livestock and wildlife, animal infection routes, human exposure routes","CDC - About Anthrax","US government public domain (not stated on page)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fanthrax\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":129,"source":130,"source_url":131,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Arabic structured fields","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Anthrax factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fanthrax.pdf","apply-condition-fields.cjs","2026-10-04",{"claims":55,"source":135,"licence":57,"source_url":136,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2023, Chapter 3.1.1 Anthrax","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.01_ANTHRAX.pdf",[138,144,145,151,156,157,163,169],{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},2183,"y0tgzdbbrz7imizicaywhnai","penicillin-g","penicillin g","بنزيل بنسلين (بنسلين جي)",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":146,"documentId":147,"slug":148,"name":149,"heading":150},1911,"g9i9kikubhghq3lnvllckule","amoxicillin","Amoxicillin","أموكسيسيلين",{"id":152,"documentId":153,"slug":154,"name":154,"heading":155},2092,"mwwwqryf0hwpovm4p5ndp5j2","chloramphenicol","كلورامفينيكول",{"id":102,"documentId":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"heading":106},{"id":158,"documentId":159,"slug":160,"name":161,"heading":162},1912,"wjanoxggjve411i0xbpdef6k","erythromycin","Erythromycin","إريثروميسين",{"id":164,"documentId":165,"slug":166,"name":167,"heading":168},2135,"nqfxsr4fu8sgjqu61jdrk5pf","gentamicin","Gentamicin","جنتاميسين",{"id":170,"documentId":171,"slug":172,"name":172,"heading":173},2217,"aaalqn43b5cr32eqsyzq1u9o","streptomycin","ستربتومايسين",{"title":175,"id":176,"documentId":177,"heading":178,"slug":179,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":180,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":181,"drugs":199},"Bacterial pneumonia",275,"ry078eqkbu3ah48fl0jeys8d","الالتهاب الرئوي الجرثومي","bacterial-pneumonia","يذكر دليل MSD البيطري (MSD Veterinary Manual)، في فصله عن الالتهاب الرئوي الجرثومي في الأبقار، أن الجنب قد يلتهب في الحالات الشديدة، ويتميز بتنفس غير منتظم وأنين عند الزفير. وتحدث Mycoplasma spp التهاب قصبات وقصيبات مخاطياً قيحياً خفيفاً باستعمارها ظهارة الجهاز التنفسي الهدبية في الأبقار، وقد تتطور آفات رئوية مع العدوى المستمرة. وتكون الفصوص الرئوية البطنية الأكثر إصابة في التهاب الاستنشاق، ويُتوقع نمط ظهري ذنبي مع الأجسام الغريبة المستنشقة أو الانتشار الجرثومي عبر الدم.",[182,187,192,196],{"claims":183,"source":184,"licence":185,"source_url":186,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"cattle pathophysiology, defence impairment, leukotoxin and LPS, lesion types, timing after stress, affected groups, differential lesion patterns","Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Pneumonia, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010 (PMC7185769)","Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved (PMC free access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7185769\u002F",{"claims":188,"source":189,"licence":190,"source_url":191,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"dog and cat causes, isolates, signs, radiography, diagnosis, differentials, 77-94% discharge, aspiration management","Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract (PMC7114586)","Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved (PMC free access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7114586\u002F",{"claims":193,"source":194,"licence":43,"source_url":195,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirmation: cattle agents, stressors, early signs and fever, lesions, prognosis for H. somni and Bibersteinia, early antimicrobials, preconditioning, vaccination, metaphylaxis","Merck Veterinary Manual - Bacterial Pneumonia in Cattle with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Frespiratory-system\u002Fbovine-respiratory-disease-complex\u002Fbacterial-pneumonia-in-cattle-with-bovine-respiratory-disease-complex",{"claims":55,"source":197,"licence":57,"source_url":198,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats: An Update, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7114575\u002F",[200,206,207,208,209,210,215,220,225],{"id":201,"documentId":202,"slug":203,"name":204,"heading":205},2065,"d02pmms11myfi4zivvd8zp6t","ampicillin","Ampicillin","أمبيسيلين",{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},{"id":158,"documentId":159,"slug":160,"name":161,"heading":162},{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},{"id":211,"documentId":212,"slug":213,"name":213,"heading":214},1921,"rdytkkdoyygm1b9x0vhzx8vr","sulfadimethoxine","سلفاديميثوكسين",{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":218,"heading":219},1915,"fpmxum4xpqrlgidd7ob6tsug","sulfamethazine","سلفاميثازين",{"id":221,"documentId":222,"slug":223,"name":223,"heading":224},2220,"vofh56qik76ntlhay999ri15","sulfisoxazole","سلفيسوكسازول",{"id":97,"documentId":98,"slug":99,"name":99,"heading":100},{"title":227,"id":228,"documentId":229,"heading":230,"slug":231,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":232,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":233,"drugs":248},"Bovine anaplasmosis",292,"q225am7ruy203o7rjgq507pa","داء الأنابلازما البقري","bovine-anaplasmosis","يتميز الطحال بتضخمه وليونته مع بروز جريباته، وقد يبدو الكبد مبرقشاً بلون أصفر برتقالي، وكثيراً ما تتمدد المرارة وتحتوي صفراء كثيفة بنية أو خضراء، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري. تظهر في أعضاء الجهاز الشبكي البطاني عند الفحص المجهري ظاهرة ابتلاع واسعة الانتشار للكريات الحمراء. توجد انصبابات مصلية في تجاويف الجسم ووذمة رئوية ونزوف نقطية في غشاءي القلب الخارجي والداخلي، وكثيراً ما تظهر دلائل ركود شديد في الجهاز الهضمي. تبدو الأغشية المخاطية شاحبة ثم مصفرّة. توصي المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH) في التشخيص بعد الموت بتحضير لطاخات من الأعضاء الداخلية، ومنها الكبد والكلية والقلب والرئتان، ومن الدم المتبقي في الأوعية الطرفية.",[234,236,238,240,242,244,247],{"claims":235,"source":17,"licence":18,"source_url":19,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and taxonomy, signs, carriers, distribution, tick and mechanical transmission, no human infection, smear diagnosis, distinction from babesiosis, live A. centrale vaccine",{"claims":237,"source":47,"licence":48,"source_url":49,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"age-related severity, breed susceptibility, needle and equipment transmission, transplacental carriers, clinical signs incl. aggression and abortion, ELISA screening",{"claims":239,"source":42,"licence":43,"source_url":44,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"immune destruction of red cells, dead cows as first sign, 30-50% mortality in untreated adults, oxytetracycline approach, slow recovery, vector control",{"claims":241,"source":52,"licence":43,"source_url":53,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms extravascular red-cell destruction, necropsy lesions, differentials (babesiosis, leptospirosis, theileriosis)",{"claims":243,"source":38,"licence":30,"source_url":39,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. marginale prevalence and July peak in northern Algeria, co-infection with Theileria annulata",{"claims":55,"source":245,"licence":57,"source_url":246,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH - Bovine anaplasmosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbovine-anaplasmosis\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":56,"licence":57,"source_url":58,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},[249,250,251,252,253],{"id":92,"documentId":93,"slug":94,"name":94,"heading":95},{"id":97,"documentId":98,"slug":99,"name":99,"heading":100},{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":102,"documentId":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"heading":106},{"title":255,"id":256,"documentId":257,"heading":258,"slug":259,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":260,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":261,"drugs":293},"Bovine babesiosis",265,"c99dx7js0n5kety3tqvff943","داء البابيزيات البقري","bovine-babesiosis","تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالمرض كريات الدم الحمراء، والأوعية الدموية والشعيرات، والطحال، والكبد والمرارة، والكلى، والعقد اللمفية، والشعيرات الدماغية والمادة الرمادية في المخ والمخيخ، والرئتين، والأغشية المخاطية.",[262,266,271,276,279,284,289],{"claims":263,"source":264,"licence":18,"source_url":265,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agents, taxonomy, tick vectors, distribution, relative pathogenicity, parasitaemia levels, cerebral sequestration, lifelong immunity, calves rarely ill, carriers, blood film and PCR diagnosis, live vaccines in calves under one year; vaccine immunity in 3-4 weeks, single dose usually lifelong (contradicts Anipedia figure)","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.4.2 Bovine babesiosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.02_BABESIOSIS.pdf",{"claims":267,"source":268,"licence":269,"source_url":270,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis of B. bovis vs B. bigemina, incubation 8-15 days, clinical and cerebral signs, necropsy lesions, differential diagnoses, treatment approach, fatal cerebral form, recovery, vaccine immunity onset 4-6 weeks and duration (contradicts WOAH figure)","University of Pretoria Anipedia - Bovine babesiosis","CC BY-NC (as stated on source page)","https:\u002F\u002Fanipedia.up.ac.za\u002Fresources\u002Fbovine-babesiosis\u002F1133.html",{"claims":272,"source":273,"licence":274,"source_url":275,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"Egypt: R. annulatus and R. microplus vectors, cattle and buffalo, most endemic blood parasite","Open Veterinary Journal (2024) - Sero epidemiological study on bovine babesiosis in cattle and buffaloes in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt (PMC11338614)","CC BY-NC","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11338614\u002F",{"claims":277,"source":278,"licence":30,"source_url":39,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"B. bovis and B. bigemina in north Algerian cattle, July peak, co-circulation with Theileria annulata","Veterinary Medicine and Science (2020) - Bovine piroplasmosis-anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (north Algeria) (PMC7738714)",{"claims":280,"source":281,"licence":282,"source_url":283,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"red urine late or absent with B. bovis, jaundice, nervous signs, Bos taurus more susceptible than Bos indicus, blood smear diagnosis","Business Queensland (State of Queensland) - Tick fever in Australia","(c) The State of Queensland; no open licence stated","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.business.qld.gov.au\u002Findustries\u002Ffarms-fishing-forestry\u002Fagriculture\u002Fbiosecurity\u002Fanimals\u002Fdiseases\u002Fcattle-tick-fever\u002Fmanage\u002Faustralia",{"claims":285,"source":286,"licence":287,"source_url":288,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms clinical picture, capillary sampling for B. bovis, water buffalo subclinical, resistance of young and Bos indicus cattle, guarded prognosis with CNS signs, vaccination and tick control","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Bovine Babesiosis factsheet","not stated on source page (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbovine_babesiosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":290,"licence":57,"source_url":291,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":292},"WOAH - Bovine babesiosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbovine-babesiosis\u002F","2026-10-03",[294],{"id":92,"documentId":93,"slug":94,"name":94,"heading":95},{"title":296,"id":297,"documentId":298,"heading":299,"slug":300,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":301,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":302,"drugs":320},"Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRD)",276,"ab5om2g7zthwuaj9vfd7l72u","مرض الجهاز التنفسي البقري","bovine-respiratory-disease-complex-brd","مرض الجهاز التنفسي البقري (BRD) مصطلح عام لاضطرابات تنفسية قد تصيب الجهاز التنفسي السفلي في الأبقار، ويُستخدم عادةً ليشمل أمراض الجهاز التنفسي العلوي (URT) والسفلي (LRT) معاً. تتعايش بكتيريا Pasteurella multocida وMannheimia haemolytica وHistophilus somni في البلعوم الأنفي واللوزتين في العجول السليمة وقد تستعمر لاحقاً الجهاز التنفسي السفلي. يُلاحظ في الرئة بعد الموت عادةً ارتشاح للعدلات والبلاعم وترسب للفيبرين في الأسناخ، بحسب مراجعة Veterinary Research (BMC). قد تصيب عدوى Pasteurella multocida القصبات والقصيبات بارتشاح متوسط إلى شديد من العدلات والبلاعم. قد تسبب عدوى Histophilus somni كذلك التهاب الدماغ والتهاب عضلة القلب (myocarditis).",[303,307,311,314,317],{"claims":304,"source":305,"licence":30,"source_url":306,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition, leading cause of pre-weaned calf death, US cost, prevalence and risk factors, viral and bacterial agents, BVDV immunosuppression, shipping fever stressors, clinical signs, auscultation and ultrasound, lungworms, vaccination reducing morbidity and mortality","A Comprehensive Review: Bovine Respiratory Disease, Current Insights into Epidemiology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Vaccination (Animals, MDPI) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12390213\u002F",{"claims":308,"source":309,"licence":30,"source_url":310,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"viral priming then bacterial superinfection, commensal bacteria, M. haemolytica leukotoxin and fibrinous pleuropneumonia, H. somni septicaemia, necropsy findings, transport and handling stress, environmental risk factors, Aspergillus and lungworms, antibiotics as first choice, colostrum, biosecurity and vaccination","Understanding the mechanisms of viral and bacterial coinfections in bovine respiratory disease (Veterinary Research, BMC) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9449274\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":312,"source_url":313,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Viral Infections Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Cattle","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Frespiratory-system\u002Fbovine-respiratory-disease-complex\u002Fviral-infections-associated-with-bovine-respiratory-disease-complex-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":315,"licence":57,"source_url":316,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Overview of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Frespiratory-system\u002Fbovine-respiratory-disease-complex\u002Foverview-of-bovine-respiratory-disease-complex",{"claims":55,"source":318,"licence":57,"source_url":319,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Structured literature review of responses of cattle to viral and bacterial pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease complex, J Vet Intern Med 2015","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4895424\u002F",[321,322,323,329,335,336,342,348,354,355,360],{"id":211,"documentId":212,"slug":213,"name":213,"heading":214},{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":218,"heading":219},{"id":324,"documentId":325,"slug":326,"name":327,"heading":328},2248,"n8p488a0dy25iee2uwyd8k4c","tulathromycin","Tulathromycin","تولاثروميسين",{"id":330,"documentId":331,"slug":332,"name":333,"heading":334},2034,"bk9ofc0uev0wh5nouedqypoc","tilmicosin","Tilmicosin","تيلميكوسين",{"id":80,"documentId":81,"slug":82,"name":83,"heading":84},{"id":337,"documentId":338,"slug":339,"name":340,"heading":341},1957,"a0az89mj38wbq00g41lxm6fp","florfenicol","Florfenicol","فلورفينيكول",{"id":343,"documentId":344,"slug":345,"name":346,"heading":347},1919,"g77jcvm2n9m2ttny703q6mdp","flunixin-meglumine","Flunixin Meglumine","فلونيكسين ميغلومين",{"id":349,"documentId":350,"slug":351,"name":352,"heading":353},1918,"rdw9hjrcoc9mdm6nw02c3d3z","meloxicam","Meloxicam","ميلوكسيكام",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":356,"documentId":357,"slug":358,"name":358,"heading":359},2134,"ucy9tdbkyd91zleugqe7obzo","gamithromycin","غاميثرومايسين",{"id":361,"documentId":362,"slug":363,"name":363,"heading":364},2007,"ulld20k9gmx5u07mvepnpx3r","tildipirosin","تيلديبيروسين",{"title":366,"id":367,"documentId":368,"heading":369,"slug":370,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":371,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":372,"drugs":392},"Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)",336,"b8ppzokxqpnur6bh3allr5wi","الإسهال الفيروسي البقري","bovine-viral-diarrhea-bvd","يُعد النسيج اللمفاوي هدفًا رئيسيًا لتكاثر فيروس الإسهال الفيروسي البقري. تشمل الإصابة الجهاز التنفسي بتسارع التنفس والإفرازات الأنفية، والصفائح الدموية التي ثبت أن عدوى النمط الثاني (Pestivirus tauri) خاصةً تغير وظيفتها. يصيب الفيروس كذلك الجهاز التناسلي للأنثى والمضغة والجنين، وقد يُحدث تشوهات في عين الجنين وجهازه العصبي المركزي، وقد يطرحه الثور في السائل المنوي فترة قصيرة مع انخفاض مؤقت في خصوبته.",[373,377,381,386,389],{"claims":374,"source":375,"licence":18,"source_url":376,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (species, biotypes, viraemia, gestation-stage outcomes, PI, mucosal disease), epidemiology (reservoir, shedding, 1-2% PI, other species, camelids, type distribution, respiratory complex), diagnosis intervals, vaccine safety, PI life expectancy, mucosal disease fatal","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.4.7 Bovine viral diarrhoea","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.07_BVD.pdf",{"claims":378,"source":379,"licence":287,"source_url":380,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms acute signs and onset, type 2 haemorrhagic form, necropsy lesions, differentials (MCF sporadic in mature cattle, bluetongue, EHD, rinderpest), mortality 25% or more in severe acute form, supportive treatment, quarantine and testing","MSD Veterinary Manual - Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Mucosal Disease Complex","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Finfectious-diseases\u002Fbovine-viral-diarrhea\u002Fbovine-viral-diarrhea-and-mucosal-disease-complex",{"claims":382,"source":383,"licence":384,"source_url":385,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"differential_diagnosis list (vesicular diseases, salmonellosis, coccidiosis, IBR, papular stomatitis) and use of history and herd rates; mucosal disease signs and oral erosions; seronegative PI animals","Heuschele WP (1981) Preventive Medicine for Some Economically Important Bovine Viral Diseases, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Large Animal Practice, via PubMed Central","(c) 1981 W.B. Saunders Company (made available on PMC)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7132706\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":387,"licence":57,"source_url":388,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Moennig and Becher (2018) Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Pathogens","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5874755\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":390,"licence":57,"source_url":391,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH disease page: Bovine viral diarrhoea","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbovine-viral-diarrhoea\u002F",[],{"title":394,"id":395,"documentId":396,"heading":397,"slug":398,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":399,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":400,"drugs":455},"Coccidiosis",255,"pqc2vvukzzr9qznu8mv8wc0t","داء الأكريات","coccidiosis","تشمل الإصابة الظهارة المبطنة للأمعاء والنسيج الضام تحتها في الغشاء المخاطي، والأمعاء الدقيقة أو الغليظة بحسب نوع الأكريات مع الأعور، والزغابات المعوية والصفيحة المخصوصة وتحت المخاطية، ويُصاب الكبد أيضًا في الأرانب.",[401,405,410,415,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440,443,446,449,452],{"claims":402,"source":403,"licence":287,"source_url":404,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms agents and host specificity, life cycle and damage, large versus small intestine severity, oocyst survival, risk factors, signs, lesions, oocyst count interpretation, differentials, low mortality and self-limiting course, management, poultry-only vaccines","MSD Veterinary Manual - Overview of Coccidiosis in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Foverview-of-coccidiosis-in-animals",{"claims":406,"source":407,"licence":408,"source_url":409,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology (young animals around weaning, adult immunity, faecal-oral route, oocyst survival up to a year), sign_or_symptom in sheep and goats, prevention (sanitation, coccidiostat supplements)","Mississippi State University Extension Service - Educational Tips for Farmers: Coccidia (Eimeria spp.) in Sheep and Goats","not stated on source page (educational use notice)","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.msstate.edu\u002Fpublications\u002Feducational-tips-for-farmers-coccidia-eimeria-spp-sheep-and-goats",{"claims":411,"source":412,"licence":413,"source_url":414,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"poultry pathophysiology (seven Eimeria species by gut section, mucosal destruction and leakage), 24-48 h sporulation, risk factors, signs and mortality, subclinical losses, lesion scoring, differentials, anticoccidial resistance, vaccines, litter management","Ahmad R et al. (2024) Management and control of coccidiosis in poultry - A review, Animal Bioscience, via PubMed Central","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10766461\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":416,"licence":57,"source_url":417,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Noack S, Chapman HD, Selzer PM. Anticoccidial drugs of the livestock industry. Parasitol Res 2019","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6611755\u002F","2026-09-29",{"claims":55,"source":420,"licence":57,"source_url":421,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Cats and Dogs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-cats-and-dogs",{"claims":55,"source":423,"licence":57,"source_url":424,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis in Poultry","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fpoultry\u002Fcoccidiosis-in-poultry\u002Fcoccidiosis-in-poultry",{"claims":55,"source":426,"licence":57,"source_url":427,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Cattle","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":429,"licence":57,"source_url":430,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Sheep","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-sheep",{"claims":55,"source":432,"licence":57,"source_url":433,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Goats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-goats",{"claims":55,"source":435,"licence":57,"source_url":436,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Coccidiosis: recent advancements in the immunobiology of Eimeria species, preventive measures, and the importance of vaccination as a control tool against these Apicomplexan parasites. Vet Med (Auckl) 2014","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7337151\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":438,"licence":57,"source_url":439,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Pigs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-pigs",{"claims":55,"source":441,"licence":57,"source_url":442,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Parasitic Diseases of Rabbits","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fexotic-and-laboratory-animals\u002Frabbits\u002Fparasitic-diseases-of-rabbits",{"claims":55,"source":444,"licence":57,"source_url":445,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual (pet owner version), Digestive Disorders of Rabbits","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fall-other-pets\u002Frabbits\u002Fdigestive-disorders-of-rabbits",{"claims":55,"source":447,"licence":57,"source_url":448,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Blake DP et al. Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Vet Res 2020","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7488756\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":450,"licence":57,"source_url":451,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Chapman HD, Jeffers TK. Vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis ameliorates drug resistance in commercial poultry production. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2014","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4266793\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":453,"licence":57,"source_url":454,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Vaccines against chicken coccidiosis with particular reference to previous decade: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Parasitol Res 2022","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9362588\u002F",[456,461,462,463,468,473,478,483,488,493,498,503,508,514,520,526,531,536,540],{"id":457,"documentId":458,"slug":459,"name":459,"heading":460},1920,"ukrcetiakgmj79kjz7hapte6","narasin","نارازين",{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":218,"heading":219},{"id":211,"documentId":212,"slug":213,"name":213,"heading":214},{"id":464,"documentId":465,"slug":466,"name":466,"heading":467},1922,"ctr6haixi9ym34h5sx8tylkj","semduramicin","سيمدوراميسين",{"id":469,"documentId":470,"slug":471,"name":471,"heading":472},1923,"ccy56tdso78lf2w4vbq1d10t","salinomycin","سالينومايسين",{"id":474,"documentId":475,"slug":476,"name":476,"heading":477},1924,"qtptqdg4mgq3stzt28emc7is","robenidine","روبينيدين",{"id":479,"documentId":480,"slug":481,"name":481,"heading":482},1925,"c42wgymv3bch7n19vd2jwlox","maduramicin","مادوراميسين",{"id":484,"documentId":485,"slug":486,"name":486,"heading":487},1926,"oncckw3kfbbkr0qxkdfvkjlc","lasalocid","لاسالوسيد",{"id":489,"documentId":490,"slug":491,"name":491,"heading":492},1927,"gack73i1osk8keyie3nxoc3x","halofuginone","هالوفوجينون",{"id":494,"documentId":495,"slug":496,"name":496,"heading":497},1928,"g7a0hhpb3fpwd4h6d5zox90l","diclazuril","ديكلازوريل",{"id":499,"documentId":500,"slug":501,"name":501,"heading":502},1929,"wupwru8c19x07snk3wfw8tog","decoquinate","ديكوكوينات",{"id":504,"documentId":505,"slug":506,"name":506,"heading":507},1930,"bvphlyso2ctltkof15fli8v2","clopidol","كلوبيدول",{"id":509,"documentId":510,"slug":511,"name":512,"heading":513},1931,"h8qnb1zard7o7habzqxgtdo2","amprolium","Amprolium","أمبروليوم",{"id":515,"documentId":516,"slug":517,"name":518,"heading":519},1932,"k8uteimqynpxcj7djd68ua32","tolturazuril","Tolturazuril","تولترازوريل",{"id":521,"documentId":522,"slug":523,"name":524,"heading":525},1933,"iuzy3nezqu1dihzlmhgxw546","monensin","Monensin","مونينسين",{"id":527,"documentId":528,"slug":529,"name":529,"heading":530},2126,"s0qsmgtbgv5jfw2fsneehdei","ethopabate","إيثوبابيت",{"id":532,"documentId":533,"slug":534,"name":534,"heading":535},2002,"z2pz8cfgnf5940p9sahi9ie1","nicarbazin","نيكاربازين",{"id":537,"documentId":538,"slug":539,"name":539,"heading":519},1995,"vpxw9cuwzenip8uix55ouchu","toltrazuril",{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},{"title":542,"id":543,"documentId":544,"heading":545,"slug":546,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":547,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":548,"drugs":578},"Colibacillosis",286,"ztqfotu3wp30psx3f6n5qgf2","داء الإشريكية القولونية","colibacillosis","تذكر مراجعة Kathayat وزملائه (2021) أن أكثر عدوى Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) شيوعاً في الدجاج تشمل التهاب محيط الكبد والتهاب الأكياس الهوائية والتهاب التامور والتهاب صفاق البيض والتهاب البوق والتهاب السرة، وتُعرف مجتمعةً بداء الإشريكية القولونية الطيري. وتفيد مراجعة Khairullah وزملائه (2024) بأن الأورام الحبيبية هي السمة المميزة للورم الحبيبي القولوني (coligranuloma)، وأنها قد توجد في الكبد والاثني عشر والأعور والمساريقا وأعضاء أخرى. وقد تدخل عدوى E. coli عبر سرة لم تلتئم فتلوث كيس مح البيضة. ويصيب التهاب البوق (salpingitis) قناة البيض في الدجاج البياض ودجاج اللحم، بحسب المراجعة نفسها. وفي العجول حديثة الولادة، تلتصق سلالة E. coli K99 بالغشاء المخاطي المعوي، بحسب مراجعة منشورة في The Veterinary Quarterly عام 2026.",[549,554,559,564,569,572,575],{"claims":550,"source":551,"licence":552,"source_url":553,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (APEC virulence factors, routes), epidemiology (hosts, predisposing infections, resistance, zoonotic potential), sign_or_symptom (disease forms), expected_prognosis (20%, 53.5%), primary_prevention (vaccines, litter and air quality)","Pathogens (2021): Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): An Overview of Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors, Zoonotic Potential, and Control Strategies, Kathayat et al. (via Europe PMC, PMC8069529)","Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8069529\u002F",{"claims":555,"source":556,"licence":557,"source_url":558,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology (ammonia, faecal dust, eggs, vertical transmission), sign_or_symptom (salpingitis, coligranuloma), differential_diagnosis (leukosis-like lesions), expected_prognosis (coligranuloma up to 75%), primary_prevention (ventilation, chlorination, egg fumigation)","Veterinary World (2024): Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control, Khairullah et al.","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.veterinaryworld.org\u002FVol.17\u002FDecember-2024\u002F6.pdf",{"claims":560,"source":561,"licence":562,"source_url":563,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology and differential_diagnosis (four enteropathogens and their ages), sign_or_symptom (calves, septicaemia), expected_prognosis (4.9%), primary_prevention (colostrum, dam vaccination)","Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica (2014): Advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea, Meganck et al. (via Europe PMC, PMC4246539)","Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4246539\u002F",{"claims":565,"source":566,"licence":567,"source_url":568,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (K99 adhesion to mucosa, enterotoxin, watery diarrhoea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance)","The Veterinary Quarterly (2026): Microbiota-bile acid-host axis dysregulation drives enteropathogenesis in Escherichia coli K99-induced neonatal calf diarrhea (via Europe PMC, PMC12862847)","CC BY-NC 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12862847\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":570,"licence":57,"source_url":571,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Colibacillosis in Poultry","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fpoultry\u002Fcolibacillosis\u002Foverview-of-colibacillosis-in-poultry",{"claims":55,"source":573,"licence":57,"source_url":574,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Colisepticemia in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Fcolisepticemia-septicemic-colibacillosis-septicemic-disease\u002Fcolisepticemia-in-animals",{"claims":55,"source":576,"licence":57,"source_url":577,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Diarrhea in Neonatal Ruminants","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fintestinal-diseases-in-ruminants\u002Fdiarrhea-in-neonatal-ruminants",[579,580],{"id":97,"documentId":98,"slug":99,"name":99,"heading":100},{"id":146,"documentId":147,"slug":148,"name":149,"heading":150},{"title":582,"id":583,"documentId":584,"heading":585,"slug":586,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":587,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":588,"drugs":613},"Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)",321,"ot4bt8rh74mcu3hh5radrqph","فطار الجلد","dermatophytosis-ringworm","يصيب فطار الجلد الأنسجة المتقرنة: الجلد بطبقته القرنية (stratum corneum) وبشرته، والشعر، والأظافر.",[589,593,597,601,606,610],{"claims":590,"source":591,"licence":30,"source_url":592,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"genera, M. canis share in cats, attachment and invasion of stratum corneum, keratolytic enzymes, immune recognition, cortisol, clinical signs in dogs, cats and cattle, prevalence in Egypt farm animals, Saudi camels and Jordan cattle","Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review (Veterinary World) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7396343\u002F",{"claims":594,"source":595,"licence":30,"source_url":596,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"T. verrucosum in cattle, zoonotic spread, calf lesions and distribution, ectothrix arthroconidia, Egyptian prevalence and risk factors, cure within 14-28 days on topical treatment","Ringworm in calves: risk factors, improved molecular diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy of an Aloe vera gel extract (BMC Veterinary Research) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7640396\u002F",{"claims":598,"source":599,"licence":30,"source_url":600,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"worldwide zoonosis, veterinary staff infection surveys, host species, environmental spores sustaining herd infection for years, young animals at risk, asymptomatic cats, spontaneous resolution used in cattle, disinfection advice","A comparison of the existing recommendations for human and veterinary clinicians on the management and prevention of the zoonotic aspects of dermatophytosis (PLoS One) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12981445\u002F",{"claims":602,"source":603,"licence":604,"source_url":605,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"T. verrucosum as principal cattle agent, persistence of arthroconidia in housing, asbestos-like crusts and lesion sites, pruritus and reduced intake, zinc and skin barrier","Serum Macro- and Trace-Element Alterations and Redox Imbalance in Cattle with Naturally Occurring Dermatophytosis (Animals, MDPI) - Europe PMC full text","CC BY","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13359616\u002F",{"claims":607,"source":608,"licence":25,"source_url":609,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"fungal genera, spread by contact with infected animals, hand washing after touching pets","CDC - About Ringworm","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fringworm\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":55,"source":611,"licence":57,"source_url":612,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State University): Dermatophytosis factsheet, 2013","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fdermatophytosis.pdf",[614,620,626],{"id":615,"documentId":616,"slug":617,"name":618,"heading":619},1965,"qbx84ldo1uoc46l9sj7m129b","ketoconazole","Ketoconazole","كيتوكونازول",{"id":621,"documentId":622,"slug":623,"name":624,"heading":625},2150,"lajk1pbqxkppno24055pu4al","itraconazole","Itraconazole","إيتراكونازول",{"id":627,"documentId":628,"slug":629,"name":629,"heading":630},1960,"q9p0rfen34ydxqjuvp57cei2","miconazole","ميكونازول",{"title":632,"id":633,"documentId":634,"heading":635,"slug":636,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":637,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":638,"drugs":661},"Endometritis",312,"uuncwnduwpl74ffi4sz3o14n","التهاب بطانة الرحم","endometritis","يصيب التهاب بطانة الرحم في الأبقار الحلوب البطانة (endometrium)، وهي الطبقة الداخلية من طبقات الرحم البقري الثلاث إلى جانب الطبقة الخارجية (perimetrium) والطبقة العضلية الوسطى (myometrium). يظهر المرض في المهبل على هيئة إفرازات قيحية أو مخاطية قيحية. ينظم محور الوطاء والغدة النخامية والمبيض عودة الدورات المبيضية بعد الولادة، ويعطل الالتهاب الرحمي (uterine inflammation) هذه الإشارات، كما قد تعيق السيتوكينات الالتهابية وظيفة المبيض.",[639,643,648,652,655,658],{"claims":640,"source":641,"licence":552,"source_url":642,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (bacteria, LH suppression), sign_or_symptom (more than 21 days, diagnostic tests), differential_diagnosis (metritis), expected_prognosis (prostaglandin), epidemiology (risk factors)","Animals (2025): From Infection to Infertility: Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Molecular Perspectives on Postpartum Metritis and Endometritis in Dairy Cows, Kasimanickam et al. (via Europe PMC, PMC12523507)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12523507\u002F",{"claims":644,"source":645,"licence":646,"source_url":647,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (TLR4, cytokines, HPO axis), epidemiology (prevalence, risk factors), sign_or_symptom (28 days or more, cytology thresholds), differential_diagnosis (pyometra), expected_prognosis (conception figures), primary_prevention","Microorganisms (2026): Postpartum Uterine Diseases in Dairy Cattle: Integrating Microbiology, Immunology, and Reproductive Physiology, Kasimanickam et al. (via Europe PMC, PMC13515222)","Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13515222\u002F",{"claims":649,"source":650,"licence":43,"source_url":651,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms clinical and subclinical endometritis categories, more than 200 postpartum bacterial species, E. coli and T. pyogenes as pathogens","Animal Reproduction (2018): Pathogenesis of uterine diseases in dairy cattle and implications for fertility, Drillich and Wagener","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.animal-reproduction.org\u002Farticle\u002Fdoi\u002F10.21451\u002F1984-3143-AR2018-0023",{"claims":55,"source":653,"licence":57,"source_url":654,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Canisso et al. (2020): Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares (International Journal of Molecular Sciences)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7073041\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":656,"licence":57,"source_url":657,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Uterine Dysfunctions in Non-Pregnant and Pregnant Small Animals (Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13538269\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":659,"licence":57,"source_url":660,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Fundamentals of microbiome-based therapies for reproductive tract inflammatory diseases in domestic animals (Animal Reproduction, 2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12419272\u002F",[662,668,673,674],{"id":663,"documentId":664,"slug":665,"name":666,"heading":667},2036,"ex5r3o19nuxke19kyyx955gr","cloprostenol","Cloprostenol","كلوبروستينول",{"id":669,"documentId":670,"slug":671,"name":671,"heading":672},2117,"aeu2i2yvxizaj0vi2u38rwtz","dinoprost","دينوبروست",{"id":158,"documentId":159,"slug":160,"name":161,"heading":162},{"id":675,"documentId":676,"slug":677,"name":677,"heading":678},2230,"hgfh896kdwb14wj4nhg9bblj","ticarcillin","تيكارسيلين",{"title":680,"id":681,"documentId":682,"heading":683,"slug":684,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":685,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":686,"drugs":711},"Foot Rot",337,"rr60w0pjlijbwchazmoe67qs","تعفن القدم","foot-rot","يبدأ الفلغمون بين الأظلاف (interdigital phlegmon)، ويُسمّى أيضًا تعفّن القدم في الأبقار، لدى الأبقار من آفة في جلد ما بين الأظلاف، ثم يمتد سريعًا إلى الطبقة الأدمية العميقة من القدم. قد يطال تعفن القدم في أبقار اللحم بنى القدم العميقة، ومنها العظم الزورقي (navicular bone) ومفصل التابوت (coffin joint) وعظم التابوت (coffin bone) والأوتار. تصيب جرثومة Dichelobacter nodosus في الأغنام جلدَ ما بين الأظلاف، وقد تفصل سلالاتها الضارية قرنَ الحافر عن النسيج الرخو تحته.",[687,691,695,699,702,705,708],{"claims":688,"source":689,"licence":43,"source_url":690,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (F. necrophorum, trauma and wetness, deep extension), epidemiology (all ages, wet conditions), sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis (cattle), expected_prognosis, primary_prevention","University of Tennessee Beef and Forage Center: Livestock Health: Foot Rot - Prevention and Treatment (Strickland, 2021)","https:\u002F\u002Futbeef.tennessee.edu\u002Flivestock-health-foot-rot-prevention-and-treatment\u002F",{"claims":692,"source":693,"licence":552,"source_url":694,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (bacterial isolates), epidemiology (incidence below 5%, outbreaks 32%), sign_or_symptom (early symmetric swelling, septic complications), expected_prognosis (early vs delayed treatment)","Animals (2023): Clinical Efficacy of a Single Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion with Marbofloxacin versus Ceftiofur Sodium to Treat Acute Interdigital Phlegmon in Dairy Cows (via Europe PMC, PMC10215901)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10215901\u002F",{"claims":696,"source":697,"licence":552,"source_url":698,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, epidemiology, sign_or_symptom and differential_diagnosis for ovine footrot","Animals (2021): Prevalence of Dichelobacter nodosus and Ovine Footrot in German Sheep Flocks, Storms et al. (via Europe PMC, PMC8069605)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8069605\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":700,"licence":57,"source_url":701,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Clifton et al. (2019) Sites of persistence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus, Scientific Reports","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6783547\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":703,"licence":57,"source_url":704,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Greber et al. (2020) Prevalence of Dichelobacter nodosus in clinically footrot-free sheep flocks, BMC Veterinary Research","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6977287\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":706,"licence":57,"source_url":707,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Contagious Footrot in Sheep","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fmusculoskeletal-system\u002Flameness-in-sheep\u002Fcontagious-footrot-in-sheep",{"claims":55,"source":709,"licence":57,"source_url":710,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Lameness Originating in the Hoof in Cattle","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fmusculoskeletal-system\u002Flameness-in-cattle\u002Finterdigital-phlegmon-in-cattle",[712,718,719,720,721,722,727],{"id":713,"documentId":714,"slug":715,"name":716,"heading":717},1910,"ol3t9izccd7ldu0y6p8q4xwp","ceftiofur","Ceftiofur","سيفتيوفور",{"id":337,"documentId":338,"slug":339,"name":340,"heading":341},{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":211,"documentId":212,"slug":213,"name":213,"heading":214},{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":218,"heading":219},{"id":723,"documentId":724,"slug":725,"name":725,"heading":726},1971,"zujbotqednw1z7k52k35qf8s","flunixin","فلونيكسين",{"id":728,"documentId":729,"slug":730,"name":731,"heading":732},2249,"yx9kqwicf3dals62qrgdso0h","tylosin","Tylosin","تايلوسين",{"title":734,"id":735,"documentId":736,"heading":737,"slug":738,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":739,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":740,"drugs":753},"Haemorrhagic septicaemia (Pasteurella multocida serotypes 6:b and 6:e)",303,"xg8qxlf8s3h1ym0ycw7d9w8n","تعفن الدم النزفي","haemorrhagic-septicaemia-pasteurella-multocida-serotypes-6b-and","يحدث تورم الرأس والعنق والصدر في الحالات كلها تقريباً، وقد تُرى نزوف نقطية متناثرة في الأنسجة والعقد اللمفية ولا سيما البلعومية والعنقية، وهي غالباً متورمة ونازفة، بحسب بطاقة المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH) عن تعفن الدم النزفي (HS). تكون الرئتان محتقنتين ووذميتين على نحو منتشر وقد تحتويان على نزوف، بحسب مركز الأمن الغذائي والصحة العامة. تشيع النزوف النقطية في الأعضاء الداخلية، ولا سيما على سطوحها المصلية، وفق المركز نفسه. غالباً يحتوي التجويفان الصدري والبطني وكيس التامور على سائل مشوب بالدم، بحسب المركز نفسه. قد توجد نزوف كدمية على القلب خاصة، وقد يكون الجهاز الهضمي لدى بعض الحيوانات محتقناً مع نزوف نقطية وكدمية في الأنفحة (abomasum) والأمعاء أحياناً. قد تحتفظ بعض الحيوانات المصابة بـ Pasteurella multocida في اللوزتين وأنسجة لمفية أخرى مرتبطة بالجهاز التنفسي العلوي، بحسب مركز الأمن الغذائي والصحة العامة.",[741,745,750],{"claims":742,"source":743,"licence":18,"source_url":744,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"aetiology and serotypes, hosts, MENA serotype distribution, transmission, carriers, seasonality, incubation, clinical course, lesions, endotoxic shock, differentials, fatality, treatment timing, vaccines, public health","WOAH - Technical Disease Card: Haemorrhagic septicaemia (updated January 2021)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FAnimal_Health_in_the_World\u002Fdocs\u002Fpdf\u002FDisease_cards\u002FHAEMORRHAGIC_SEPTICEMIA.pdf",{"claims":746,"source":747,"licence":748,"source_url":749,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms agent, host range incl. camels and saiga, carriage in tonsils and stress shedding, clinical signs, necropsy lesions, early antibiotics, fatality, vaccination, stamping out, no human B:2\u002FE:2 cases","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Hemorrhagic Septicemia factsheet (2019)","(c) 2005-2019 CFSPH; no reuse grant - used for confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fhemorrhagic_septicemia.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":751,"licence":57,"source_url":752,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH - Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fhaemorrhagic-septicaemia\u002F",[754,755,756],{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},{"id":170,"documentId":171,"slug":172,"name":172,"heading":173},{"title":758,"id":759,"documentId":760,"heading":761,"slug":762,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":763,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":764,"drugs":777},"Heartwater",264,"u2uuu0xzrwn53fvukuawockq","مرض الماء القلبي","heartwater","تشمل الإصابة البطانة الوعائية ولا سيما الخلايا البطانية لشعيرات الدماغ، والدماغ، والتأمور والقلب (النخاب والشغاف)، والتجويف الصدري والرئتين، والعقد اللمفية المنصفية والقصبية، والأمعاء، والطحال.",[765,769,774],{"claims":766,"source":767,"licence":18,"source_url":768,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and taxonomy, Amblyomma vectors, distribution, host susceptibility, mortality up to 90%, carriers, suspected human cases, incubation, clinical signs, necropsy lesions, differential diagnosis, brain smear and PCR diagnosis, serology limits, vaccine status, import precautions; human infection only suspected (contradicts review)","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.1.9 Heartwater","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.09_HEARTWATER.pdf",{"claims":770,"source":771,"licence":772,"source_url":773,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"biphasic developmental cycle, endothelial damage causing congestion, hydrothorax and hydropericardium, vectors incl. R. microplus in West Africa, threat to American mainland, mortality up to 90% in naive animals, early treatment with sulfonamides and tetracyclines, experimental vaccines limited by diversity; states human cases reported (contradicts WOAH)","Microbiology (2023) - Microbe Profile: Ehrlichia ruminantium - stealthy as it goes (PMC10710844)","Creative Commons Attribution License (open access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10710844\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":775,"licence":57,"source_url":776,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":292},"WOAH - Heartwater disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fheartwater\u002F",[778],{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"title":780,"id":781,"documentId":782,"heading":783,"slug":784,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":785,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":786,"drugs":809},"Infection with bluetongue virus",298,"h6aldl3jijnbllx86qo4nwp0","داء اللسان الأزرق","infection-with-bluetongue-virus","يُلاحظ في داء اللسان الأزرق (bluetongue) احتقان ووذمة ونزوف وتقرحات في الأغشية المخاطية الهضمية والتنفسية، ومنها مخاطية الفم والمريء والمعدة والأمعاء والرغامى، بحسب المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). تتأثر المعدات الأمامية والفم في حالات كثيرة بنزوف وتآكلات أو قرح، ولا سيما في مواضع الاحتكاك الميكانيكي. قد يحتوي التجويف الصدري وكيس التامور على كميات كبيرة من سائل شبيه بالبلازما. تُعدّ النزوف عند قاعدة الشريان الرئوي من الموجودات المميزة في داء اللسان الأزرق. يتميز داء اللسان الأزرق في الأغنام بوذمة معممة ونزوف في العضلات الهيكلية وأعضاء داخلية متنوعة. يمكن كشف فيروس اللسان الأزرق في الدم وفي أعضاء منها الطحال والرئة والكبد.",[787,791,796,801,806],{"claims":788,"source":789,"licence":18,"source_url":790,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (classification, no persistence, severity factors), epidemiology, sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis, expected_prognosis (30-70%, course), primary_prevention, associated_anatomy","WOAH Technical Disease Card: Bluetongue (updated January 2021)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Fbluetongue.pdf",{"claims":792,"source":793,"licence":794,"source_url":795,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology (hosts, semen\u002Fplacenta, listed and reportable, no public health risk), primary_prevention","WOAH disease page: Bluetongue","(c) WOAH 2026, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbluetongue\u002F",{"claims":797,"source":798,"licence":799,"source_url":800,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms signs, necropsy lesions, vaccines and vector control; case fatality typically under 30% (disagrees with WOAH card); camel and Arabian oryx infections","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University: Bluetongue factsheet (October 2023)","(c) 2003-2023 CFSPH; no reuse grant, used for confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbluetongue.pdf",{"claims":802,"source":803,"licence":804,"source_url":805,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (endothelial damage, systemic haemorrhagic fever, pulmonary oedema)","Veterinary Research (2024): Whole-transcriptome analyses of ovine lung microvascular endothelial cells infected with bluetongue virus (via Europe PMC, PMC11438077)","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11438077\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":807,"licence":57,"source_url":808,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.1.3 Bluetongue (infection with bluetongue virus)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.03_BLUETONGUE.pdf",[],{"title":811,"id":812,"documentId":813,"heading":814,"slug":815,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":816,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":817,"drugs":858},"Infection with Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis",253,"tfnembygo8w2a68krscs1cgz","داء البروسيلات","infection-with-brucella-abortus-brucella-melitensis-and","الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالعدوى: المشيمة والأجنة والرحم، والغدة اللبنية (الضرع) وعقدها اللمفية ولا سيما العقد اللمفية فوق الضرع، ومعظم العقد اللمفية الرئيسية ومنها عقد الرأس، والطحال، والخصيتان والبربخان والحويصلات المنوية والأمبولتان والبروستاتة والغدد البصلية الإحليلية، والمفاصل وأغماد الأوتار، وأورام الجراب المائي (hygromas) في مفاصل القوائم.",[818,822,826,830,834,837,840,843,846,849,852,855],{"claims":819,"source":820,"licence":18,"source_url":821,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"species, epidemiology (MENA incidence, environmental survival, notifiable, zoonosis), signs (fistulous withers), prevention","WOAH - Brucellosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbrucellosis\u002F",{"claims":823,"source":824,"licence":18,"source_url":825,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, host range incl. camels, B. melitensis in cattle, signs by species, differential diagnosis, vaccines S19\u002FRB51\u002FRev.1, pig outcome, anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.4 Brucellosis (infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.04_BRUCELLOSIS.pdf",{"claims":827,"source":828,"licence":43,"source_url":829,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"animal hosts and human transmission routes (epidemiology)","CDC - About Brucellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fbrucellosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":831,"source":832,"licence":43,"source_url":833,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms transmission, signs in cattle, no practical treatment, S19\u002FRB51 vaccination and reactor removal","MSD Veterinary Manual - Brucellosis in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":835,"licence":57,"source_url":836,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":838,"licence":57,"source_url":839,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella abortus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_abortus.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":841,"licence":57,"source_url":842,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella melitensis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_melitensis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":844,"licence":57,"source_url":845,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Brucellosis in Pigs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-pigs",{"claims":55,"source":847,"licence":57,"source_url":848,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella suis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_suis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":850,"licence":57,"source_url":851,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Brucellosis in Horses","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-horses",{"claims":55,"source":853,"licence":57,"source_url":854,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"WOAH, Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 8.4 Infection with Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_bovine_brucellosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":856,"licence":57,"source_url":857,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"US National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Brucellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nps.gov\u002Fyell\u002Flearn\u002Fnature\u002Fbrucellosis.htm",[],{"title":860,"id":861,"documentId":862,"heading":863,"slug":864,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":865,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":866,"drugs":887},"Infection with Chlamydia abortus (Enzootic abortion of ewes, ovine chlamydiosis)",338,"dj3bsb1v4vfgw2xfimu2yvrb","الإجهاض المتوطن في النعاج","infection-with-chlamydia-abortus-enzootic-abortion-of-ewes","تغزو المتدثرة المجهضة (Chlamydia abortus) مشيمة النعجة الحامل، ولا سيما المشيميات (placentomes)، فتُحدث فيها التهابًا وتنخرًا منتشرين لا يقتصران على الفلقات (cotyledons). تصيب العدوى الجنين أيضًا، فتظهر تغيرات أخف في كبده ورئته، وقد يتضرر دماغه بنقص الأكسجة عند شدة تلف المشيمة. تخرج الجرثومة بأعداد هائلة مع المشيمة والإفرازات الرحمية وقت الإجهاض أو الولادة، وقد تظهر إفرازات فرجية لدى النعاج خلال آخر 48 ساعة من الحمل.",[867,871,875,878,881,884],{"claims":868,"source":869,"licence":18,"source_url":870,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, host range, pathogenesis, shedding, flock introduction and abortion storm, clinical signs, lesions, differentials, zoonotic risk, vaccines, serological screening","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.8.5 Enzootic abortion of ewes (ovine chlamydiosis)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.05_ENZ_ABOR.pdf",{"claims":872,"source":873,"licence":30,"source_url":874,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms transmission by ingestion\u002Finhalation, abortion timing, zoonotic risk to pregnant women; Saudi seroprevalence, risk factors, no vaccine in Saudi Arabia, hygiene protective","Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2021 (PMC8072607)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8072607\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":876,"source_url":877,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Abortion in Sheep","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fabortion-in-large-animals\u002Fabortion-in-sheep",{"claims":129,"source":879,"source_url":880,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"CFSPH (Iowa State University) Zoonotic Chlamydiae factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fchlamydiosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":882,"licence":57,"source_url":883,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Turin et al. (2022) Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus, Veterinary Research","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9152823\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":885,"licence":57,"source_url":886,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH disease page: Enzootic abortion of ewes","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fenzootic-abortion-of-ewes\u002F",[],{"title":889,"id":890,"documentId":891,"heading":892,"slug":893,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":894,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":895,"drugs":916},"Infection with Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)",279,"se6h2cw80imcgdjlaav49ux4","حمى كيو","infection-with-coxiella-burnetii-q-fever","تؤخذ لتحري العدوى عينات من المشيمة والمهبل والحليب واللبأ وأنسجة الأجنة المجهَضة، ومنها الطحال والكبد والرئة ومحتوى المعدة. وقد ترتبط Coxiella burnetii أيضًا بالتهاب الرحم في الأبقار. وفي البشر قد تمتد الأشكال الحادة إلى الرئة والكبد، وتشمل مظاهر الشكل المزمن الشغاف والصمامات والأوعية والكبد والرئة، وقد تسبب العدوى في الحامل التهاب المشيمة.",[896,900,905,910,913],{"claims":897,"source":898,"licence":18,"source_url":899,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent biology, phase I\u002FII, spore-like forms, host range and reservoirs, worldwide distribution except New Zealand, airborne transmission, ticks, reproductive signs, recovery and lifelong persistence, shedding at parturition, differential diagnosis by PCR and ELISA, stain non-specificity, phase I vaccine and control measures, human disease course","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.1.17 Q fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.17_Q_FEVER.pdf",{"claims":901,"source":902,"licence":903,"source_url":904,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"goats, sheep and cattle as carriers, bacteria in birth products, urine, faeces and milk, animals appear healthy, inhalation of contaminated dust, human flu-like signs, at-risk occupations, avoid raw milk and birthing contact","CDC - About Q fever","not stated on source page (US government work)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fq-fever\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":906,"source":907,"licence":908,"source_url":909,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"camel seroprevalence in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Algeria and Chad higher than other ruminants, Hyalomma dromedarii, abortion history association, human risk groups incl. raw milk drinkers","Open-access review (2020) - Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East? (PMC7674558)","CC BY (Creative Commons Attribution License)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7674558\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":911,"licence":57,"source_url":912,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH - Q fever disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fq-fever\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":914,"licence":57,"source_url":915,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Q Fever factsheet, November 2017","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fq_fever.pdf",[],{"title":918,"id":919,"documentId":920,"heading":921,"slug":922,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":923,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":924,"drugs":951},"Infection with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever",335,"ozhsrpliagi09u22iozxx26r","حمى القرم-الكونغو النزفية","infection-with-crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever","يبدأ تكاثر فيروس حمى القرم-الكونغو النزفية بعد لدغة القراد في الأنسجة الموضعية والعقد اللمفية الناحية قبل انتشار عابر في الدم، ويمكن عزله من مصل الحيوانات المصابة أو بلازماها في طور الحمى أو التفيروس، أو من أكبادها. لدى البشر، الذين يُعد المرض النزفي أبرز ما يقلق في إصابتهم، قد يُلاحظ النزف في الأنف والجهاز الهضمي والرحم والمسالك البولية والجهاز التنفسي، ويصاحب المرض عادةً التهاب في الكبد، وقد تتعرض الكلى والكبد والرئتان للفشل في الحالات الشديدة.",[925,929,934,938,942,945,948],{"claims":926,"source":927,"licence":18,"source_url":928,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, epidemiology (distribution, Hyalomma, tick cycle, hosts, ostriches, human routes), human disease phases and bleeding sites, diagnosis, 5-80% human case fatality, prevention (repellents, acaricides, no animal vaccine)","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.1.5 Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.05_CCHF.pdf",{"claims":930,"source":931,"licence":932,"source_url":933,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"human signs and day-four bleeding, geography incl. Middle East, transmission routes, up to 50% hospitalised fatality, no cure and supportive care, protective clothing","CDC - About Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever","not stated on source page (US federal public domain)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcrimean-congo-hemorrhagic\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":935,"source":936,"licence":287,"source_url":937,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms agent, secondary vectors, viraemia duration, experimental signs, bird dispersal, Jordan and Spain detections, notifiable status, ~40% human fatality, acaricides","MSD Veterinary Manual - Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Fcrimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever\u002Fcrimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever-in-animals",{"claims":939,"source":940,"licence":18,"source_url":941,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"WOAH-listed disease status","WOAH - Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fcrimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":943,"source_url":944,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"WHO - Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fcrimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever",{"claims":129,"source":946,"source_url":947,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"CFSPH Iowa State University - Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fcrimean_congo_hemorrhagic_fever.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":949,"licence":57,"source_url":950,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"ECDC - Factsheet for health professionals about Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fcrimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever\u002Ffacts\u002Ffactsheet",[],{"title":953,"id":954,"documentId":955,"heading":956,"slug":957,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":958,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":959,"drugs":1003},"Infection with Echinococcus granulosus",323,"j6611t2w0hbve2qbz7zjij46","العدوى بالمشوكة الحبيبية","infection-with-echinococcus-granulosus","تتركز كيسات داء المشوكات الكيسي (Cystic echinococcosis) عادةً في الكبد ثم الرئتين، وتقل في أعضاء وأنسجة أخرى منها العظام. يذكر دليل منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (FAO) لتفتيش اللحوم أن الكيسات المائية توجد في الكبد والقلب والرئتين والطحال والكلى والعضلات والدماغ وفي أي نسيج بما فيه العظم. تعيش الديدان البالغة في الأمعاء الدقيقة للعائل النهائي، بحسب المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). قد توجد كيسات متعددة أيضًا في الدماغ أو الكلى أو العظام أو الخصيتين مسببة مرضًا أشد، بحسب المنظمة نفسها.",[960,964,968,972,976,981,985,989,994,997,1000],{"claims":961,"source":962,"licence":18,"source_url":963,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, hosts, dog-sheep life cycle, production losses and organ condemnation, prevention measures incl. vaccination","WOAH - Echinococcosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fechinococcosis\u002F",{"claims":965,"source":966,"licence":25,"source_url":967,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definitive and intermediate hosts, liver and lung involvement","CDC - About Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fechinococcosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":969,"source":970,"licence":25,"source_url":971,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"slow cyst growth, rupture and allergic reaction, imaging, cyst differentials (abscess, tuberculosis, neoplasm)","CDC - Clinical Overview of Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fechinococcosis\u002Fhcp\u002Fclinical-overview\u002Findex.html",{"claims":973,"source":974,"licence":43,"source_url":975,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms life cycle, cyst structure, clinical signs in intermediate hosts, necropsy lesions, dog deworming, EG95 vaccine, prognosis","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Echinococcosis factsheet (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fechinococcosis.pdf",{"claims":977,"source":978,"licence":979,"source_url":980,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"region as hotspot, intermediate host species, risk factors","Cystic echinococcosis in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Neglected and prevailing! (PubMed Central)","Creative Commons Attribution License","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7205190\u002F",{"claims":982,"source":983,"licence":604,"source_url":984,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"North African prevalence in camels and sheep, G1 and G6 genotypes, home slaughter and stray dog risk factors, meat inspection","Present Situation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Africa: A Narrative Review (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13307783\u002F",{"claims":986,"source":987,"licence":43,"source_url":988,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"cyst sites at inspection and differential list (retention cysts, liver cysts, granulomas, Cysticercus tenuicollis, tuberculosis)","FAO - Manual on meat inspection for developing countries","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002F4\u002Ft0756e\u002Ft0756e04.htm",{"claims":990,"source":991,"licence":992,"source_url":993,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"features separating Cysticercus tenuicollis from hydatid cysts","Prevalence and morphological characterisation of Cysticercus tenuicollis in sheep and goat from north India (PubMed Central)","(c) Indian Society for Parasitology 2013; PMC copyright notice","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4328026\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":995,"source_url":996,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Infestation of small ruminants by the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena in slaughterhouse, North East Tunisia (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7196678\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":998,"licence":57,"source_url":999,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual Chapter 3.1.6 - Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.06_ECHINOCOCCOSIS.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1001,"licence":57,"source_url":1002,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WHO - Echinococcosis fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fechinococcosis",[1004,1010,1016],{"id":1005,"documentId":1006,"slug":1007,"name":1008,"heading":1009},2195,"fv4igxlimw43jthm9jhonu63","praziquantel","Praziquantel","برازيكوانتيل",{"id":1011,"documentId":1012,"slug":1013,"name":1014,"heading":1015},1936,"u5xcptmcrtajlray2rh0djj0","albendazole","Albendazole","ألبيندازول",{"id":1017,"documentId":1018,"slug":1019,"name":1019,"heading":1020},1937,"ev6xskg5leo6dt2h2h8ipgsr","mebendazole","ميبيندازول",{"title":1022,"id":1023,"documentId":1024,"heading":1025,"slug":1026,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1027,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1028,"drugs":1062},"Infection with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus",349,"mgngoug117falpxn5boe2e9u","مرض النزف الوبائي","infection-with-epizootic-hemorrhagic-disease-virus","قد يطال مرض النزف الوبائي (Epizootic haemorrhagic disease) جميع أنسجة الجسم لأن فيروسه يصيب البطانة الوعائية (endothelium)، وتتركز آفاته النسيجية خاصة في اللسان والغدد اللعابية والمعدات الأمامية والأبهر والعضلة الحليمية للبطين الأيسر، مع لويحات رمادية متناثرة وُصفت على سطح مخاطية المرارة. تظهر لدى الأيائل المصابة بمرض النزف الوبائي في الشكل فائق الحدة وذمة شديدة في الرأس والعنق واللسان والملتحمة والرئتين، وفي الشكل الحاد نزوف ووذمة واسعة في الأغشية المخاطية والجلد والأحشاء ولا سيما القلب والقناة الهضمية، أما الشكل المزمن فيترك حلقات نمو على الحوافر أو انسلاخًا لجدار الحافر وتآكلات أو قرحًا أو ندبًا في الكرش. يُصيب مرض إيباراكي (Ibaraki disease) في الأبقار العضلاتِ المخططة في المريء والحنجرة والبلعوم واللسان والعضلاتِ الهيكلية بالتنكس، وقد تُلاحَظ فيه وذمة ونزوف واضحة في الفم والشفتين والمنفحة وإكليل الحافر (coronets). تشمل المواضع المتأثرة بمرض النزف الوبائي في الأبقار أيضًا الضرع الذي قد يحمرّ، والفم الذي قد يُصاب بالتهاب تقرحي.",[1029,1033,1037,1042,1046,1050,1054,1059],{"claims":1030,"source":1031,"licence":18,"source_url":1032,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and serotypes, hosts, Culicoides transmission and seasonality, histopathology, cattle signs, Ibaraki disease, Mediterranean distribution, no human risk, laboratory tests, limited vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021 - Chapter 3.1.7 Epizootic haemorrhagic disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.07_EHD.pdf",{"claims":1034,"source":1035,"licence":18,"source_url":1036,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"endothelial infection, prolonged viraemia, goats not susceptible, 2008 listing, deer and cattle signs and lesions, up to 10% cattle deaths, 90% deer morbidity and mortality, differential diagnosis","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Epizootic haemorrhagic disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Fepizootic-heamorrhagic-disease.pdf",{"claims":1038,"source":1039,"licence":1040,"source_url":1041,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"sheep and goats listed as affected, signs in cattle and deer, southern Europe outbreaks from November 2022, no human or food safety risk, notifiable, no commercial vaccine, biosecurity","GOV.UK (Defra\u002FAPHA) - Epizootic haemorrhagic disease guidance","Open Government Licence v3.0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fguidance\u002Fepizootic-haemorrhagic-disease",{"claims":1043,"source":1044,"licence":604,"source_url":1045,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"serotype 6 in North Africa from 2006, serotype 8 in Tunisia 2021 and southern Europe 2022-2023, cattle fatality under 1%, deer mortality, no commercial vaccine in the region","Emergence and evolution of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in the Mediterranean region (Frontiers in Veterinary Science, PubMed Central) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12341390\u002F",{"claims":1047,"source":1048,"licence":604,"source_url":1049,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"Tunisian outbreak counts and seasonality, Culicoides imicola association, bluetongue initially suspected","Epidemiological Analyses of the First Incursion of EHDV Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021-2022 - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10974811\u002F",{"claims":1051,"source":1052,"licence":30,"source_url":1053,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"clinical signs in Tunisian cattle, laboratory confirmation by c-ELISA and real-time RT-PCR","Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021 - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9866946\u002F",{"claims":1055,"source":1056,"licence":1057,"source_url":1058,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"low within-herd morbidity and rare deaths in cattle and bison, similarity to foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and malignant catarrhal fever","Review of the 2012 Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Domestic Ruminants in the United States - Europe PMC full text","CC0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4526531\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1060,"licence":57,"source_url":1061,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease factsheet (2016, minor update 2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fepizootic_hemorrhagic_disease.pdf",[],{"title":1064,"id":1065,"documentId":1066,"heading":1067,"slug":1068,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1069,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1070,"drugs":1103},"Infection with foot and mouth disease virus",257,"xhagggledff112t6xr66uj6i","الحمى القلاعية","infection-with-foot-and-mouth-disease-virus","الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالعدوى: مخاطية البلعوم الأنفي وهي موقع العدوى الأولية في الأبقار، والفم واللسان والحنك الصلب واللثة والشفتان والأنف، والأقدام بما فيها الأشرطة التاجية والشقوق بين الأظلاف، والضرع والحلمات، والفرج والقلفة، ونقاط الضغط على الجلد، والعقد اللمفية المصرفة لتجويف الفم التي رصدت فيها دراسة واحدة الحمض النووي الفيروسي، وعضلة القلب ولا سيما في الصغار، وقد تبدو على سطحها مناطق شاحبة عند الفحص التشريحي.",[1071,1075,1079,1083,1087,1091,1096,1100],{"claims":1072,"source":1073,"licence":18,"source_url":1074,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, serotypes, species, transmission, morbidity and mortality figures, vaccination coverage, listed status, public health","WOAH - Foot and mouth disease disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Ffoot-and-mouth-disease\u002F",{"claims":1076,"source":1077,"licence":18,"source_url":1078,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"differential diagnosis, diagnostic samples and tests, host range incl. camelids, mastitis sequel, hoof growth-arrest lines, vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.8 Foot and mouth disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.08_FMD.pdf",{"claims":1080,"source":1081,"licence":30,"source_url":1082,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology: nasopharyngeal primary replication, vesicles in non-haired skin, myocarditis in juveniles, persistent infection","Veterinary Research (2025) - The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus: current understandings and knowledge gaps (PMC12172366)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12172366\u002F",{"claims":1084,"source":1085,"licence":30,"source_url":1086,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"RNA genome, serotype O\u002FEA-3 in Libya and Algeria, fever up to 42 C, milk drop, young ruminant mortality","Animals (Basel) (2022) - FTA cards for FMD virus in Libya (PMC9686888)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9686888\u002F",{"claims":1088,"source":1089,"licence":43,"source_url":1090,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"species, signs incl. abortion and heart disease in newborns, not a human health threat","USDA APHIS - Foot-and-Mouth Disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fcattle\u002Ffoot-and-mouth",{"claims":1092,"source":1093,"licence":1094,"source_url":1095,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms transmission, signs, lesions, control; supplies the conflicting mortality figures in expected_prognosis","CFSPH Iowa State - Foot and Mouth Disease factsheet (2025)","(c) 2001-2025 CFSPH; confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Ffoot_and_mouth_disease.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1097,"licence":57,"source_url":1098,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":1099},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Finfectious-diseases\u002Ffoot-and-mouth-disease\u002Ffoot-and-mouth-disease-in-animals","2026-09-30",{"claims":55,"source":1101,"licence":57,"source_url":1102,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":1099},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 8.8 Infection with foot and mouth disease virus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_fmd.pdf",[],{"title":1105,"id":1106,"documentId":1107,"heading":1108,"slug":1109,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1110,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1111,"drugs":1131},"Infection with Leishmania spp. (Leishmaniosis)",346,"psk0r3k7mlonhltpzhtya989","داء الليشمانيات","infection-with-leishmania-spp-leishmaniosis","داء الليشمانيات الكلبي مرض جهازي قد يطال أي عضو أو نسيج أو سائل في الجسم، تتكاثر طفيلياته داخل بلاعم الجهاز الشبكي البطاني، وأكثر الأنسجة احتمالًا لاحتوائها في غياب آفات قابلة لأخذ العينات هي بترتيب تنازلي الطحال ونقي العظم والعقد اللمفية والدم. تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة الأخرى المتأثرة لدى الكلاب الجلد والأظافر والعينين، والأوعية الدموية والمفاصل والعنبية وكبيبات الكلى عبر آفات المعقدات المناعية، والكليتين اللتين قد يكون مرضهما المظهر الوحيد للإصابة.",[1112,1116,1120,1125,1128],{"claims":1113,"source":1114,"licence":18,"source_url":1115,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, macrophage multiplication, sand fly vectors and seasonality, host range, dogs as reservoir, asymptomatic dogs >50%, clinical signs in dogs, differential diagnosis, L. tropica in Middle East, diagnostic methods, vaccines authorised in Brazil and Europe","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.1.11 Leishmaniosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.11_LEISHMANIOSIS.pdf",{"claims":1117,"source":1118,"licence":18,"source_url":1119,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"WOAH listed disease status","WOAH - Leishmaniosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fleishmaniosis\u002F",{"claims":1121,"source":1122,"licence":1123,"source_url":1124,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"immune complexes and glomerulonephritis, endemic in >70 countries, non-vector transmission, clinical and clinicopathological signs, staging and prognosis, no parasitological cure, renal failure as main cause of death, prevention with repellents, collars, confinement and vaccines","Solano-Gallego L, et al. LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis. Parasites & Vectors 2011","CC BY 2.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3125381\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":1126,"source_url":1127,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis (PMC12590123)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12590123\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1129,"licence":57,"source_url":1130,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) factsheet (2022)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fleishmaniasis.pdf",[],{"title":1133,"id":1134,"documentId":1135,"heading":1136,"slug":1137,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1138,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1139,"drugs":1170},"Infection with lumpy skin disease virus",277,"st5v31bmwvtoiwyy3yt3nczs","مرض الجلد العقدي","infection-with-lumpy-skin-disease-virus","تذكر المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH) أن العقيدات تكون في العموم محددة الحدود صلبة مسطحة القمة، وتشمل الأدمة والبشرة، وتتورم العقد اللمفاوية السطحية، وقد يحدث تورم في الضرع والصدر والساقين. وقد يتأثر الخطم وتجويف الأنف والحنجرة والقصبة الهوائية وباطن الشفتين، بحسب مراجعة علمية عن المرض. وقد تتأثر كذلك الوسادة السنية واللثة والمنفحة والضرع والأحلمة والرحم والمهبل والخصيتان، بحسب المراجعة نفسها. ويذكر مركز الأمن الغذائي والصحة العامة في جامعة ولاية آيوا أن العقيدات أو الآفات الأخرى قد تظهر في الجهاز الهضمي، وخصوصًا المنفحة، وفي الضرع والرئتين. وتظهر هذه الآفات أحيانًا في أنسجة أخرى كالمثانة البولية والكليتين والرحم والخصيتين، بحسب المركز. وقد توجد آفات مسطحة أو متقرحة على الأغشية المخاطية في تجويف الفم والأنف والبلعوم ولسان المزمار والقصبة الهوائية. وقد تسبب هذه الآفات أحيانًا علامات تنفسية كالسعال وتؤدي إلى التهاب رئوي أولي أو ثانوي. وقد تُرى في بعض الحيوانات التهاب الملتحمة والتهاب القرنية وآفات قرحية في العين، وقد تؤدي إلى ضعف في الإبصار. ويؤدي تكاثر الفيروس داخل الخلايا الليفية والبلاعم والخلايا المحيطة بالأوعية والخلايا البطانية إلى التهاب الأوعية الدموية والتهاب الأوعية اللمفاوية في الأنسجة المصابة، بحسب المراجعة العلمية نفسها.",[1140,1144,1148,1153,1158,1161,1164,1167],{"claims":1141,"source":1142,"licence":18,"source_url":1143,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent taxonomy, host range, arthropod transmission, virus survival in lesions\u002Fmilk\u002Fsemen, spread since 2000 and 2025 Italy\u002FFrance, signs incl. sit-fasts, morbidity 10-20% and mortality 1-5%, not zoonotic, listed, vaccination and control","WOAH - Lumpy skin disease disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Flumpy-skin-disease\u002F",{"claims":1145,"source":1146,"licence":30,"source_url":1147,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis (cell types, vasculitis, timeline), nodule description, inclusion bodies, Middle East countries, climate risk factors, morbidity 5-45% and mortality under 10%, differential list, symptomatic treatment, live and inactivated vaccines","Lumpy skin disease, an emerging transboundary viral disease: A review (Veterinary Medicine and Science 2021, PMC8136940)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8136940\u002F",{"claims":1149,"source":1150,"licence":1151,"source_url":1152,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"susceptible species incl. antelope and giraffes, sheep and goats not susceptible, signs incl. tongue lesions and swollen reproductive organs, spread via insects and germplasm, no human risk, notifiable","GOV.UK (Defra\u002FAPHA) - Lumpy skin disease: how to spot and report it","Open Government Licence v3.0, Crown copyright","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fguidance\u002Flumpy-skin-disease",{"claims":1154,"source":1155,"licence":1156,"source_url":1157,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms host range, vector transmission, Middle East establishment, sit-fasts, supportive treatment and live vaccination","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Lumpy Skin Disease factsheet, March 2025","not stated on source page (copyright CFSPH 2003-2025); confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Flumpy_skin_disease.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1159,"licence":57,"source_url":1160,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.4.12 Lumpy skin disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.12_LSD.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1162,"licence":57,"source_url":1163,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 11.9 Infection with lumpy skin disease virus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_lsd.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1165,"licence":57,"source_url":1166,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.8.12 Sheep pox and goat pox","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.12_S_POX_G_POX.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1168,"licence":57,"source_url":1169,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State), Sheep and Goat Pox factsheet (2017)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fsheep_and_goat_pox.pdf",[],{"title":1172,"id":1173,"documentId":1174,"heading":1175,"slug":1176,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1177,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1178,"drugs":1210},"Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex",256,"glot11f0f24lex1dmv2lf315","السل","infection-with-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex","ترتبط بالسل في الثدييات الأعضاء والأنسجة التالية: الرئتان، والعقد اللمفية خلف البلعومية والقصبية والمنصفية والقحفية الصدرية والمساريقية، وأعضاء البطن، ومع السل الدخني المعمم الكبد والكلية والطحال والغدد الثديية والقناة الهضمية والجهاز العصبي المركزي، إضافة إلى الأوعية الدموية واللمفية في الجهازين التنفسي والهضمي التي قد تسدها العقد العميقة المتضخمة.",[1179,1183,1187,1191,1195,1198,1201,1204,1207],{"claims":1180,"source":1181,"licence":18,"source_url":1182,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agents, host range, wildlife reservoirs, MENA endemicity, transmission incl. milk, zoonosis, notifiable status, test-and-slaughter, BCG limits","WOAH - Bovine (mammalian) tuberculosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbovine-tuberculosis\u002F",{"claims":1184,"source":1185,"licence":18,"source_url":1186,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, lesion distribution, clinical signs by species, prognosis (miliary disease fatal), diagnosis, BCG interference, anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.13 Mammalian tuberculosis (infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.13_Mammalian_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":1188,"source":1189,"licence":43,"source_url":1190,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"differential diagnosis list (CBPP, actinobacillosis, lung abscess, bovine farcy, bronchopneumonia, hydatid cysts, actinomycosis)","Directorate of Veterinary Services circular V15 of 2021 - Bovine tuberculosis (M. bovis) surveillance protocol (hosted on woah.org)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F02\u002Fcircular-v15-of-2021-sop-attachments-rina-final.pdf",{"claims":1192,"source":1193,"licence":43,"source_url":1194,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms differential diagnosis (CBPP, caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants), lesion sites, asymptomatic course, lack of effective cattle vaccine","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Bovine Tuberculosis factsheet (2007) (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFastFacts\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1196,"licence":57,"source_url":1197,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":1099},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, chapter 8.11 Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (2022 PDF)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_bovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1199,"licence":57,"source_url":1200,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":1099},"CFSPH Iowa State University, Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Mammals, including Bovine and Caprine Tuberculosis (2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1202,"licence":57,"source_url":1203,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":1099},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Overview of Tuberculosis in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Ftuberculosis-and-other-mycobacterial-infections\u002Foverview-of-tuberculosis-and-other-mycobacterial-infections",{"claims":55,"source":1205,"licence":57,"source_url":1206,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":1099},"WOAH, Mammalian tuberculosis (mTB) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fmammalian-tuberculosis-mtb\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1208,"licence":57,"source_url":1209,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":1099},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Tuberculosis in Sheep and Goats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Ftuberculosis-in-various-animals\u002F",[1211],{"id":1212,"documentId":1213,"slug":1214,"name":1214,"heading":1215},1972,"cv1s0yjfmuak8rxsx1xvv8yw","pradofloxacin","برادوفلوكساسين",{"title":1217,"id":1218,"documentId":1219,"heading":1220,"slug":1221,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1222,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":1223,"drugs":1282},"Infection with rabies virus",251,"slkpp613x2bgn8sjhqf9gkfq","داء الكلب","infection-with-rabies-virus","ترتبط بداء الكلب الأعضاء والأنسجة التالية: الجهاز العصبي المركزي، ولا سيما جذع الدماغ والمخيخ والحبل الشوكي والمهاد (thalamus) والجسر (pons) والنخاع المستطيل (medulla)، والجهاز الحوفي في الشكل الهائج، ثم الأعصاب الطرفية، والغدد اللعابية، وعضلات البلعوم والحنجرة والعضلات الماضغة.",[1224,1228,1232,1236,1240,1244,1248,1252,1255,1258,1261,1264,1267,1270,1273,1276,1279],{"claims":1225,"source":1226,"licence":18,"source_url":1227,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, geography and elimination status, dog-bite share of human cases, 59,000 deaths, vaccination coverage target, prevention","WOAH - Rabies disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Frabies\u002F",{"claims":1229,"source":1230,"licence":25,"source_url":1231,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"virus must reach brain before signs, 70,000 deaths and 95% dog share, fatality, post-exposure prophylaxis","CDC - About Rabies","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Frabies\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":1233,"source":1234,"licence":43,"source_url":1235,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms pathogenesis route, reservoirs, prodrome length, cattle and horse signs, post-mortem diagnosis","MSD Veterinary Manual - Rabies in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fnervous-system\u002Frabies\u002Frabies-in-animals",{"claims":1237,"source":1238,"licence":43,"source_url":1239,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms clinical forms, clinical course, necropsy and histological findings, limbic involvement","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Rabies and Rabies-Related Lyssaviruses factsheet (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Frabies.pdf",{"claims":1241,"source":1242,"licence":43,"source_url":1243,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent description, shedding sites, differential diagnosis list, diagnosis by fluorescent antibody on brain, prevention","Georgia Department of Agriculture - Rabies fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.agr.georgia.gov\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fdocuments\u002Fanimal-health\u002Frabies.pdf",{"claims":1245,"source":1246,"licence":30,"source_url":1247,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"camel outbreaks in Sudan, dog source, seasonality, nervous signs in camels","Epidemiology of rabies in camels (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13222453\u002F",{"claims":1249,"source":1250,"licence":43,"source_url":1251,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"features separating canine distemper from rabies","Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center - Rabies or Canine Distemper?","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vet.cornell.edu\u002Fanimal-health-diagnostic-center\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-protocols-interpretations\u002Frabies-or-canine-distemper",{"claims":55,"source":1253,"licence":57,"source_url":1254,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Infection with rabies virus chapter (2022 edition text, numbered 8.14 there)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_rabies.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1256,"licence":57,"source_url":1257,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2023, Chapter 3.1.18 Rabies (infection with rabies virus and other lyssaviruses)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.18_RABIES.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1259,"licence":57,"source_url":1260,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Equine Rabies in Southern Colombia 2024-2025, Animals (Basel) 2026 (PMC13360232)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13360232\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1262,"licence":57,"source_url":1263,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Epidemiology of Animal Rabies, China 2010-2020, China CDC Weekly 2021 (PMC8477053)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8477053\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1265,"licence":57,"source_url":1266,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"WOAH (OIE) Technical Disease Card, Rabies (updated 2014)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Frabies.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1268,"licence":57,"source_url":1269,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Biological barriers underlying the extremely high fatality of symptomatic rabies, 2026 review (PMC13586868)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13586868\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1271,"licence":57,"source_url":1272,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"First detection of rabies virus in encephalitic goats, Sarawak, BMC Vet Res 2025 (PMC12590585)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12590585\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1274,"licence":57,"source_url":1275,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"WHO, Rabies fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Frabies",{"claims":55,"source":1277,"licence":57,"source_url":1278,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"WOAH, FAO and WHO (2023), Oral vaccination of dogs against rabies: recommendations for field application","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F10\u002Forv-web-27102023.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1280,"licence":57,"source_url":1281,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"WOAH RABLAB statement on substandard dog rabies vaccines (April 2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F06\u002F2024-rablab-vaccinestatement-final-en-0724.pdf",[],{"title":1284,"id":1285,"documentId":1286,"heading":1287,"slug":1288,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1289,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1290,"drugs":1313},"Infection with Rift Valley fever virus",334,"ioxr1hn3oigdn7z3dnl5ox1i","حمى الوادي المتصدع","infection-with-rift-valley-fever-virus","تتركز الآفة الأكثر ثباتًا لحمى الوادي المتصدع (Rift Valley fever) في الكبد على شكل تنخّر يميل إلى الاشتداد في الحيوانات الصغيرة، وقد يبدو الكبد لدى الأجنة المجهضة والحملان حديثة الولادة كبيرًا جدًّا لينًا هشًّا مائلًا إلى البني مع بقع احتقان غير منتظمة. تشمل الأعضاء الأخرى المتأثرة بحمى الوادي المتصدع المرارةَ التي قد تتوذم جدرانها وتظهر فيها نزوف، والكليتين اللتين تُظهران احتقانًا ونزوفًا قشرية، إضافة إلى العقد اللمفية المحيطية والطحال. يتأثر الجهاز الهضمي في حمى الوادي المتصدع بوذمة والتهاب ملحوظين في المساريقا والأغشية المصلية والتهاب أمعاء نزفي متعدد البؤر، مع نزف ووذمة في طيات المنفحة (abomasum) لدى المجترات. تستطيع الحيوانات المصابة نقل فيروس حمى الوادي المتصدع إلى نسلها داخل الرحم، وقد تُصاب بعض الحيوانات المجهضة، ولا سيما النعاج، بالتهاب الرحم (metritis).",[1291,1295,1299,1303,1307,1310],{"claims":1292,"source":1293,"licence":18,"source_url":1294,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent classification, vectors, geography incl. Egypt and Arabian Peninsula, susceptibility tiers, zoonotic routes, vaccines","WOAH - Rift Valley fever disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Frift-valley-fever\u002F",{"claims":1296,"source":1297,"licence":18,"source_url":1298,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical signs by species, lesions, differential list, mortality tiers, camels resistant, prevention and vaccines","WOAH (OIE) Technical Disease Card - Rift Valley fever (Dec 2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Frift-valley-fever.pdf",{"claims":1300,"source":1301,"licence":43,"source_url":1302,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirmation: hepatic necrosis, in-utero transmission, Saudi Arabia endemicity, mortality figures (adult sheep 10-30%), clinical cases in camels, supportive treatment, vaccine risks","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Rift Valley Fever factsheet (Apr 2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Frift_valley_fever.pdf",{"claims":1304,"source":1305,"licence":43,"source_url":1306,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"species affected incl. camels and buffalo, transmission to people, animal vaccines exist","CDC - About Rift Valley Fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Frift-valley-fever\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":55,"source":1308,"licence":57,"source_url":1309,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WHO - Rift Valley fever fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Frift-valley-fever",{"claims":55,"source":1311,"licence":57,"source_url":1312,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2023, Chapter 3.1.19 Rift Valley fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.19_RVF.pdf",[],{"title":1315,"id":1316,"documentId":1317,"heading":1318,"slug":1319,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1320,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1321,"drugs":1348},"Infection with Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis and Theileria parva",290,"efs7fidjbpeaay787ob2f2od","داء الثايليريات البقري","infection-with-theileria-annulata-theileria-orientalis-and","تقطن متقسّمات Theileria annulata البلاعم (macrophages) والخلايا البائية (B cells). تشمل أشيع آفات الصفة التشريحية في القناة الهضمية تآكل المنفحة وتقرحها وتنخر لطخات باير (Peyer's patches)، إلى جانب تضخم الطحال الواضح والعقد اللمفية والوذمة الرئوية. يكشف الفحص النسيجي تسلل خلايا لمفاوية غير ناضجة إلى الرئة والكلية والدماغ والكبد والطحال والعقد اللمفية. قد توجد الخلايا المتطفَّل عليها بالمتقسّمات في لطاخات انطباعية من جميع الأنسجة، وتفيد لطاخات الرئة والطحال والكلية والعقد اللمفية خصوصًا في إظهارها.",[1322,1326,1330,1334,1339,1342,1345],{"claims":1323,"source":1324,"licence":18,"source_url":1325,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, pathogenesis, TNF role, geography, hosts incl. camels, clinical signs, lesions, schizont diagnosis, mortality 40-90% vs 3%, poor-prognosis sign, carriers, acaricides and vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.4.15 Theileriosis in cattle (infection with Theileria annulata, T. orientalis and T. parva)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.15_THEILIERIOSIS.pdf",{"claims":1327,"source":1328,"licence":18,"source_url":1329,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"hosts, Hyalomma vector for T. annulata, African buffalo reservoir, clinical signs","WOAH - Theileriosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Ftheileriosis\u002F",{"claims":1331,"source":1332,"licence":43,"source_url":1333,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirmation: leukocyte division mechanism, tick vectors per species, Middle East range, fever 7-10 days, lesions, babesiosis contrast, mortality up to 90%, carriers, vaccine timing","MSD Veterinary Manual - Theileriosis in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Ftheileriosis-in-animals",{"claims":1335,"source":1336,"licence":1337,"source_url":1338,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"Egyptian prevalence, Hyalomma infestation, clinical signs incl. corneal opacity and pallor, no breed\u002Fsex\u002Fseason effect","Epidemiological and diagnostic investigation on bovine theileriosis in Aswan Governorate, Egypt (PMC9998809)","Springer Nature, exclusive rights (not open licence per source page)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9998809\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1340,"licence":57,"source_url":1341,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"From Benign Parasite to Emerging Pathogen: A Review of Theileria orientalis in Ruminants (Animals, 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13463525\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1343,"licence":57,"source_url":1344,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review (Pathogens, 2020)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7558346\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1346,"licence":57,"source_url":1347,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"A review of Theileria diagnostics and epidemiology (Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl, 2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4356873\u002F",[1349],{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"title":1351,"id":1352,"documentId":1353,"heading":1354,"slug":1355,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1356,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1357,"drugs":1374},"Infection with Trypanosoma evansi (Surra)",296,"lpv1ftk9d7cbtt61y51sg0qo","داء السَّرَّا","infection-with-trypanosoma-evansi-surra","تشمل الأنسجة المرتبطة بعدوى Trypanosoma evansi الدمَ والعقد اللمفية، إذ قد يكشف فحص موادهما عن المثقبيات في الإصابة المبكرة أو الحادة، والجهازَ العصبي المركزي وغيره من الأنسجة خارج الأوعية الدموية. تمتد آفات عدوى Trypanosoma evansi إلى الطحال والعقد اللمفية اللذين قد يتضخمان، وإلى الجلد بلويحاته الشروية (urticarial plaques)، والأغشية المصلية في الجفون والمنخرين وفتحة الشرج، وبعض الأعضاء الداخلية التي قد تظهر عليها نزوف نمشية.",[1358,1362,1366,1370],{"claims":1359,"source":1360,"licence":18,"source_url":1361,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"hosts, transmission, distribution, signs, lesions, case fatality, differentials, control; states no zoonotic potential","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Trypanosoma evansi infections (including surra)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftrypano-evansi.pdf",{"claims":1363,"source":1364,"licence":18,"source_url":1365,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition, vectors, clinical signs, CNS invasion, immunodeficiency and vaccination interference, diagnosis, no vaccine","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.1.21 Surra in all species (Trypanosoma evansi infection)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.21_TRYPANO_SURRA.pdf",{"claims":1367,"source":1368,"licence":604,"source_url":1369,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"distribution North Africa to South-East Asia, host susceptibility, chronic camel course; conflicting prognosis figure","BioMed Research International (2013) - Desquesnes et al., T. evansi and surra: origin, distribution, hosts and pathogenic effects (PMC3760267, Europe PMC full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3760267\u002F",{"claims":1371,"source":1372,"licence":604,"source_url":1373,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"mechanical, oral and iatrogenic transmission, seasonality, diagnosis, drug resistance, quarantine testing","BioMed Research International (2013) - Desquesnes et al., T. evansi and surra: transmission, epidemiology, control and zoonotic aspects (PMC3789323)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3789323\u002F",[],{"title":1376,"id":1377,"documentId":1378,"heading":1379,"slug":1380,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1381,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1382,"drugs":1397},"Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis\u002Finfectious pustular vulvovaginitis",304,"utatcocq73n9g3r007lotrf4","التهاب الأنف والقصبة الهوائية المعدي البقري","infectious-bovine-rhinotracheitis-infectious-pustular","يتكاثر فيروس الهربس البقري 1 (BoHV-1) بعد العدوى الهوائية في الأغشية المخاطية للجهاز التنفسي العلوي وفي اللوزتين، ثم ينتشر إلى الملتحمتين ويصل إلى العقدة الثلاثية التوائم، وبعد العدوى التناسلية يتكاثر في مخاطية المهبل أو القلفة ويصبح كامناً في العقد العجزية. تكشف الفحوص بعد الموت التهاب الأنف والحنجرة والقصبة الهوائية، بحسب الدليل البري للمنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن معظم الآفات في عدوى التهاب الأنف والقصبة الهوائية المعدي البقري (IBR) غير المعقدة تقتصر على الجهاز التنفسي العلوي والقصبة الهوائية، وأن بؤر النخر تتكون في الأنف والبلعوم والحنجرة والقصبة الهوائية. قد يمتد التهاب القصبة الهوائية إلى القصبات والقصيبات، وعندئذ تتساقط الظهارة في المجاري الهوائية، وقد تتورم العقد اللمفية البلعومية والرئوية تورماً حاداً وتنزف. قد تحمل الأجنة المجهضة آفات نخرية بؤرية شاحبة في جميع الأنسجة، ولا سيما الكبد.",[1383,1387,1390,1394],{"claims":1384,"source":1385,"licence":18,"source_url":1386,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, pathophysiology (replication sites, latency in trigeminal\u002Fsacral ganglia, reactivation), host range, distribution, shedding and semen transmission, signs incl. red nose and IPV\u002FIPB, low mortality, uncomplicated course 5-10 days, vaccines and gE marker DIVA; states incubation period of 2-4 days","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.4.11 Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis\u002Finfectious pustular vulvovaginitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.11_IBR_IPV.pdf",{"claims":1388,"source":1389,"licence":43,"source_url":313,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms respiratory signs, conjunctivitis as sole sign, necrotic nasal foci and plaques, recovery in 4-5 days without secondary pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia fatal, severe disease in young calves, parenteral MLV abortion risk; states incubation period of 2-6 days, which disagrees with WOAH's 2-4 days","MSD Veterinary Manual - Viral Infections Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Cattle (confirmation only)",{"claims":1391,"source":1392,"licence":43,"source_url":1393,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms abortion at 4-7 months of gestation, fetal liver necrosis, gE-deleted marker vaccines preferred","MSD Veterinary Manual - Abortion in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fabortion-in-large-animals\u002Fabortion-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":1395,"licence":57,"source_url":1396,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH disease page: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis\u002Finfectious pustular vulvovaginitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Finfectious-bovine-rhinotracheitis-infectious-pustular-vulvovaginitis\u002F",[],{"title":1399,"id":1400,"documentId":1401,"heading":1402,"slug":1403,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1404,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":1405,"drugs":1420},"Infestation with Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screwworm)",348,"yn7ng0falt983w4f0dg9omws","الدودة الحلزونية للعالم القديم","infestation-with-chrysomya-bezziana-old-world-screwworm","قد توجد يرقات الدودة الحلزونية في أي جرح وفي الأنسجة المجاورة وتجاويف الجسم القريبة من الفتحات، وقد تُدمّر يرقات Chrysomya bezziana الأنسجة الحية وحتى العظام. من المواضع المذكورة للإصابة بالدودة الحلزونية: سُرّة المولود، ومنطقتا الفرج والعجان لدى الأم، والمنخران والجيوب المرتبطة بهما، ومحجرا العينين، والفم، والأذنان، والأعضاء التناسلية، وفتحات الأنف والشرج والقلفة والمهبل.",[1406,1410,1414,1417],{"claims":1407,"source":1408,"licence":18,"source_url":1409,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (life cycle, oviposition, burrowing, odour attraction), epidemiology (hosts, distribution incl. Gulf, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, wound types, flight range), sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis and larval identification, prognosis (death in 1-2 weeks, 100% navel morbidity), prevention (husbandry, inspection, quarantine, no vaccine, SIT)","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Screwworm (Old World and New World), last updated April 2013","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FAnimal_Health_in_the_World\u002Fdocs\u002Fpdf\u002FDisease_cards\u002FSCREWWORM.pdf",{"claims":1411,"source":1412,"licence":979,"source_url":1413,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"corroborates pathophysiology (wound and body-opening attraction, larvae destroying living tissue and bone, three instars over 6-7 days, soil pupation), epidemiology (distribution; established in Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Yemen after introductions; humans occasional hosts), removal of all larvae as key treatment","Zhou X et al. (2019) Human Chrysomya bezziana myiasis: A systematic review, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6821133\u002F",{"claims":939,"source":1415,"licence":18,"source_url":1416,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"WOAH - Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fold-world-screwworm-chrysomya-bezziana\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":1418,"source_url":1419,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Screwworm Myiasis factsheet (2025) (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fscrewworm_myiasis.pdf",[],{"title":1422,"id":1423,"documentId":1424,"heading":1425,"slug":1426,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1427,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1428,"drugs":1449},"Infestation with Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)",347,"i6x0piih8b6922pew1njvtdn","الدودة الحلزونية للعالم الجديد","infestation-with-cochliomyia-hominivorax-new-world-screwworm","قد توجد يرقات الدودة الحلزونية في أي جرح وفي الأنسجة المجاورة له وتجاويف الجسم القريبة من الفتحات، ويُصاب المولود عبر الحبل السري بعد الولادة بقليل بحسب منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (FAO). من المواضع المذكورة للإصابة بالدودة الحلزونية: سُرّة المولود، ومنطقتا الفرج والعجان لدى الأم، والمنخران والجيوب، والفم، والأذنان، والأعضاء التناسلية، ومحجر العين، وفتحات الأنف والشرج والقلفة والمهبل.",[1429,1433,1437,1441,1446,1448],{"claims":1430,"source":1431,"licence":903,"source_url":1432,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, host range, current endemic areas and northward spread, wound infestation, signs (irritation, head shaking, odour, visible larvae), sterile insect technique, reporting","USDA APHIS - New World Screwworm","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fcattle\u002Fticks\u002Fscrewworm",{"claims":1434,"source":1435,"licence":18,"source_url":1436,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"obligate larval parasite, egg hatching 12-24 h, larval moults, life cycle under 3 weeks in tropics, zoonosis, movement control, SIT, WOAH listed","WOAH - New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fnew-world-screwworm-cochliomyia-hominivorax\u002F",{"claims":1438,"source":1439,"licence":43,"source_url":1440,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"1988 Libya discovery, sheep and camels affected, SIT eradication programme, regional risk, newborn deer mortality up to 75%","FAO - The New World screwworm in North Africa","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002F4\u002Fu4220t\u002Fu4220T04.htm",{"claims":1442,"source":1443,"licence":1444,"source_url":1445,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"host range incl. humans, newborn navel risk, spread via animal movement and wildlife, current affected countries, Libya 1988, wound management and inspection for prevention","FAO - New World Screwworm FAQ","(c) FAO 2026","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002Fanimal-health\u002Fanimal-diseases\u002Fnew-world-screwworm\u002Ffaq\u002Fen",{"claims":1447,"source":1418,"licence":43,"source_url":1419,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms life cycle timings, lesion development and sites, clinical behaviour, fly range 10-25 km, differential from opportunistic fly larvae, Old World screwworm in Middle East, W. magnifica in North Africa, prognosis, preventive husbandry",{"claims":129,"source":1408,"source_url":1409,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},[1450,1456,1462],{"id":1451,"documentId":1452,"slug":1453,"name":1454,"heading":1455},1991,"g0m8bo5cly2m4u0llzhrhjpf","fluralaner","Fluralaner","فلورالانر",{"id":1457,"documentId":1458,"slug":1459,"name":1460,"heading":1461},1947,"mnofxk8vpsznk4od00m1enlb","eprinomectin","Eprinomectin","إبرينومكتين",{"id":1463,"documentId":1464,"slug":1465,"name":1466,"heading":1467},2151,"f4vc8qvmmko7g8p8td6lr8z0","ivermectin","Ivermectin","إيفرمكتين",{"title":1469,"id":1470,"documentId":1471,"heading":1472,"slug":1473,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1474,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1475,"drugs":1506},"Iron-deficiency anemia",319,"aaxyniwzeec6trpw1i835wdu","فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد","iron-deficiency-anemia","يرتبط فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد (iron-deficiency anemia) بالدم وكرياته الحمر التي تصبح صغيرة ناقصة الصباغ، إذ يدخل الحديد في تصنيع الهيموغلوبين ويؤدي دورًا مهمًا في نقل الأكسجين وتكوين الدم (hematopoiesis). ترتبط الحالة كذلك بالقناة الهضمية، فأمراض سوء الامتصاص المعدية المعوية قد تقلل امتصاص الحديد بحسب Hunt وJugan (2021)، والنزف من القرحات أو الأورام المعدية المعوية أكثر شيوعًا مصدرًا لفقدان الدم المزمن لدى الحيوانات الأكبر سنًا بحسب دليل MSD البيطري، في حين قد يعود لدى الصغار إلى التطفل.",[1476,1481,1485,1489,1493,1497,1500,1503],{"claims":1477,"source":1478,"licence":1479,"source_url":1480,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"causes of piglet iron deficiency, signs, haemoglobin thresholds, injectable iron sources and route, risks of excess iron","Kansas State University Swine Nutrition Guide (extension) - Iron","(c) Kansas State University","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.asi.k-state.edu\u002Fextension\u002Fswine\u002Fswinenutritionguide\u002Fgeneral_nutrition_principles\u002Firon.html",{"claims":1482,"source":1483,"licence":30,"source_url":1484,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"roles of iron, low birth reserves, sow milk iron content, susceptibility to pneumonia and gut infections, iron overload risks","Meng Q, et al. Impact of Iron Supplementation on Growth Performance, Iron Homeostasis and Redox Balance of Suckling Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2025","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11988079\u002F",{"claims":1486,"source":1487,"licence":567,"source_url":1488,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"functional iron deficiency via hepcidin and ferroportin, iron indices and reticulocyte haemoglobin content, iron deficiency in cats with chronic GI disease","Hunt A, Jugan MC. Anemia, iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency in cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2021","https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fjvim\u002Farticle\u002F35\u002F1\u002F172\u002F8446783",{"claims":1490,"source":1491,"licence":43,"source_url":1492,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms species frequency, chronic blood loss origin, piglet risk indoors, anaemia of chronic disease normocytic normochromic, renal anaemia, iron supplementation and correcting blood loss","MSD Veterinary Manual - Nonregenerative Anemias in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fnonregenerative-anemias-in-animals",{"claims":1494,"source":1495,"licence":43,"source_url":1496,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms parasitic and GI bleeding causes by age, microcytic hypochromic hallmark, persistent reticulocytosis, causes to exclude","MSD Veterinary Manual - Regenerative Anemias in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fregenerative-anemias-in-animals",{"claims":129,"source":1498,"source_url":1499,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Hunt A, Jugan MC. Anemia, iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency in cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2021 (PMC7848310 full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7848310\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1501,"licence":57,"source_url":1502,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Overview of Anemia in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Foverview-of-anemia-in-animals",{"claims":55,"source":1504,"licence":57,"source_url":1505,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Nonregenerative Anemias in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fnonregenerative-anemias-in-animals",[1507],{"id":1508,"documentId":1509,"slug":1510,"name":1511,"heading":1512},2148,"intixiw8uiffmtydvn2sc8yw","iron-dextran-complex","iron dextran complex","معقد الحديد والدكستران",{"title":1514,"id":1515,"documentId":1516,"heading":1517,"slug":1518,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1519,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1520,"drugs":1552},"Johne's Disease (Paratuberculosis)",305,"towwtbyhfzf0ia1jca5dp5gy","داء جونز","johnes-disease-paratuberculosis","يصيب داء جونز (Johne's disease) الأمعاء الدقيقة، حيث تأوي جرثومة Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) وتتكاثر عادةً، ويشمل العامل المسبب القناة المعوية والعقد اللمفية المرتبطة بها. تصف دراسة عن المجترات الصغيرة في المملكة العربية السعودية سماكة ملحوظة في اللفائفي (ileum) يتخذ معها شكلًا حبليًا مع تغضنات مخاطية عرضية واضحة، وتذكر تورم العقد اللمفية المساريقية ضمن الصورة العيانية لداء جونز. لا يقتصر وجود جرثومة MAP على الأمعاء، إذ تذكر نشرة الإرشاد VM256 الصادرة عن جامعة فلوريدا أنها قد تبلغ الرحم والضرع والعقد اللمفية والأعضاء التناسلية للثيران، وقد تُفرز في الحليب أو السائل المنوي.",[1521,1525,1529,1534,1538,1542,1546,1549],{"claims":1522,"source":1523,"licence":126,"source_url":1524,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, species, faecal, in utero and milk transmission, young age susceptibility, cattle signs incl. bottle jaw, tests, no cure, prevention","USDA APHIS - Johne's Disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fcattle\u002Fjohnes",{"claims":1526,"source":1527,"licence":43,"source_url":1528,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"susceptible species incl. cervids and camelids, under six months susceptibility, 2-4 year incubation, intestine and lymph node involvement, cattle signs, ELISA and culture, Crohn's perception, management practices","Utah State University Extension - Johne's Disease advisory","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.usu.edu\u002Fanimalhealth\u002Fadvisories\u002Fjohnes-disease",{"claims":1530,"source":1531,"licence":1532,"source_url":1533,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"intestinal thickening and malabsorption, diarrhoea progression, recumbency and death, PCR\u002Fculture\u002FELISA, no cure and no treatment response, control measures","University of Florida IFAS Extension VM256 - Johne's Disease in Beef Cattle","(c) 2024 University of Florida","https:\u002F\u002Fask.ifas.ufl.edu\u002Fpublication\u002FVM256",{"claims":1535,"source":1536,"licence":604,"source_url":1537,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"acid-fast agent, focal vs diffuse granulomatous enteritis, protein-losing enteropathy, small ruminant signs, gross lesions, C and S strains in Saudi Arabia, PCR, Crohn's debate","Pathological Features and Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Small Ruminants in Saudi Arabia (PMC13118573)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13118573\u002F",{"claims":1539,"source":1540,"licence":30,"source_url":1541,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"Iranian seroprevalence figures, species difference in signs","Comparison of MAP infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Khuzestan Province of Iran (PMC8464266)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8464266\u002F",{"claims":1543,"source":1544,"licence":604,"source_url":1545,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"wasting differentials in adult sheep and CLA necropsy features","The Relevance of Caseous Lymphadenitis as a Cause of Culling in Adult Sheep (PMC7692964)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7692964\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1547,"licence":57,"source_url":1548,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH disease page: Paratuberculosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fparatuberculosis\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1550,"licence":57,"source_url":1551,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Paratuberculosis in Ruminants","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fintestinal-diseases-in-ruminants\u002Fparatuberculosis-in-ruminants",[],{"title":1554,"id":1555,"documentId":1556,"heading":1557,"slug":1558,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1559,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1560,"drugs":1576},"Ketosis",307,"ryluw898rahaaisguk0e2s0v","الكيتوزية","ketosis","ينتج الكبد أجسام الكيتون في المقام الأول، ثم تنطلق هذه الأجسام إلى الدم وتعمل مصدراً للطاقة لأنسجة معينة مثل القلب والدماغ. ويُعد النسيج الدهني البطني مصدر طاقة يسهل تحشيده مقارنة بالدهن تحت الجلد، ويتزامن بدء تكوّن الكيتون مع انخفاض غلوكوز الدم بسبب زيادة تخليق اللاكتوز في الغدة الثديية.",[1561,1566,1570,1573],{"claims":1562,"source":1563,"licence":1564,"source_url":1565,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"clinical vs subclinical definitions and BHB cut-points, prevalence and timing, ketogenesis mechanism, abdominal adiposity and endotoxaemia, risk factors, nervous signs, associated diseases and risk ratios, diagnostic tests, propylene glycol treatment, prevention incl. monensin, cost per case","Update on ketosis in dairy cattle with major emphasis on subclinical ketosis and abdominal adiposity (Veterinary Medicine and Science 2024, PMC11362977)","not captured from source page","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11362977\u002F",{"claims":1567,"source":1568,"licence":1564,"source_url":1569,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"negative energy balance and lipolysis releasing NEFA, insufficient gluconeogenesis causing ketosis and hepatic steatosis, subclinical prevalence up to 40%, over-conditioning risk, 31% pre-calving intake drop, glycerol and propylene glycol as gluconeogenic precursors","Metabolism, Ketosis Treatment and Milk Production after Using Glycerol in Dairy Cows: A Review (Animals 2020, PMC7460308)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7460308\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1571,"licence":57,"source_url":1572,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Hyperketonemia in Cattle","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fmetabolic-disorders\u002Fhyperketonemia-in-cattle\u002Fhyperketonemia-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":1574,"licence":57,"source_url":1575,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Cascone et al., Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Herds: Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment (Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9272741\u002F",[1577,1582,1588,1594],{"id":1578,"documentId":1579,"slug":1580,"name":1580,"heading":1581},1945,"ubjl32hqlddowvqvzztq5iop","dextrose","دكستروز",{"id":1583,"documentId":1584,"slug":1585,"name":1586,"heading":1587},2199,"rhczf8tob5zhc7qwe7lepk7b","propylene-glycol","propylene glycol","بروبيلين غليكول",{"id":1589,"documentId":1590,"slug":1591,"name":1592,"heading":1593},2112,"fep2yq0dwved60ame2ape4rb","dexamethasone","Dexamethasone","ديكساميثازون",{"id":521,"documentId":522,"slug":523,"name":524,"heading":525},{"title":1596,"id":1597,"documentId":1598,"heading":1599,"slug":1600,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1601,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1602,"drugs":1616},"Leptospirosis",306,"hpjc1bpgpx0uoul6elveszz2","داء البريميات","leptospirosis","ترتبط العلامات السريرية لداء البريميات (leptospirosis) لدى الحيوانات غالبًا بالكلى والكبد والوظيفة التناسلية، وتستقر البريميات وتستمر في الكلية وفي الجهاز التناسلي الذكري والأنثوي. تشمل الأنسجة المعنية أيضًا المشيمة التي قد تحتبس لدى بعض الأبقار المجهضة، وكلية الأجنة المجهضة أو المولودة ميتة وكبدها ورئتها ودماغها وغدتها الكظرية، والسحايا لدى العجول، والرئتين في متلازمة النزف الرئوي لدى الكلاب وربما لدى بعض المهور بحسب سلسلة حالات حديثة، والعنبية (uvea) في التهاب العنبية الراجع لدى الخيول.",[1603,1607,1612],{"claims":1604,"source":1605,"licence":18,"source_url":1606,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and serovars, maintenance hosts, acute and chronic presentations, kidney and genital persistence, carriers, zoonotic risk, differential diagnosis groups, MAT four-fold rise, vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.1.12 Leptospirosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.12_LEPTO.pdf",{"claims":1608,"source":1609,"licence":1610,"source_url":1611,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis incl. endothelial cadherin, tubulointerstitial nephritis, rodents as reservoirs, dog signs, pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome 70% mortality, AKI differential, annual dog vaccination, low zoonotic risk from dogs","Updated ACVIM Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis in Dogs (PMC10658540)","CC BY-NC-ND 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10658540\u002F",{"claims":1613,"source":1614,"licence":43,"source_url":1615,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirmation: geography and seasonality, transmission and environmental survival, signs by species, lesions, 80% dog survival, 40% abortion in naive herds, serovar vaccines, environmental control","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Leptospirosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fleptospirosis.pdf",[1617,1618,1622,1623,1624],{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},{"id":1619,"documentId":1620,"slug":1621,"name":1621,"heading":11},1856,"hvvq0o2q8zlfxu4mvql0gehc","dihydrostreptomycin",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":102,"documentId":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"heading":106},{"id":170,"documentId":171,"slug":172,"name":172,"heading":173},{"title":1626,"id":1627,"documentId":1628,"heading":1629,"slug":1630,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1631,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1632,"drugs":1653},"Liver abscess",309,"t0rhkj8qkll9ji077iubelhp","خراجات الكبد","liver-abscess","تنشأ خراجات الكبد، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري (MSD Veterinary Manual)، من آفات في الكرش تنتقل منها الصمات البكتيرية عبر الجهاز الوريدي البابي الكبدي إلى الكبد. وتوجد الخراجات أحياناً في الطبقات العميقة من جدار الكرش. وتشمل مصادر العدوى الأخرى لخراجات الكبد، وفق الدليل، اختراق جسم غريب من الشبكية وامتداد العدوى من التهاب وريد السرة في العجول حديثة الولادة. وتتأثر أعضاء بعيدة عن الكبد عند انفجار الخراج في الأوردة الكبدية، إذ قد ينتج التهاب الوريد الخثاري في الوريد الأجوف الخلفي (caudal vena cava) مع التهاب الشغاف وانصمام خثاري رئوي وخراجات رئوية متعددة والتهاب رئوي قيحي مزمن.",[1633,1637,1641,1644,1647,1650],{"claims":1634,"source":1635,"licence":604,"source_url":1636,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"F. necrophorum and T. pyogenes as agents, acidosis-rumenitis to portal blood pathogenesis, high-concentrate diets, 2016 audit condemnation figures, carcass losses, tylosin historically used for control","Veloso VA, Drouillard JS. On the Potential Role of Dietary Lysine as a Contributing Factor in Development of Liver Abscesses in Cattle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7562714\u002F",{"claims":1638,"source":1639,"licence":43,"source_url":1640,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms pathogenesis and secondary bacteria; incidence 12-32%; risk factors; clinical signs and sequelae incl. vena caval thrombosis; lesions; laboratory and ultrasound findings; traumatic reticuloperitonitis as differential; prognosis; tylosin, virginiamycin, leukotoxoid vaccine and acidosis management","MSD Veterinary Manual - Liver Abscesses in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fhepatic-disease-in-large-animals\u002Fliver-abscesses-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":1642,"licence":57,"source_url":1643,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Liver Abscesses in Cattle","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fhepatic-disease-in-large-animals\u002Fliver-abscesses-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":1645,"licence":57,"source_url":1646,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Infectious Hepatitis and Hepatic Abscesses in Large Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fhepatic-disease-in-large-animals\u002Finfectious-hepatitis-and-hepatic-abscesses-in-large-animals",{"claims":55,"source":1648,"licence":57,"source_url":1649,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"SDSU Extension - Liver Abscesses: The Unseen Profit Thief","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.sdstate.edu\u002Fliver-abscesses-unseen-profit-thief",{"claims":55,"source":1651,"licence":57,"source_url":1652,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Salih et al., Further delineation of the etiology of liver abscesses in cattle (Microbiology Spectrum 2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12584722\u002F",[1654,1655,1656,1657,1662],{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":728,"documentId":729,"slug":730,"name":731,"heading":732},{"id":1658,"documentId":1659,"slug":1660,"name":1660,"heading":1661},2253,"mshum1rr3xxcrdvdfr2qdmwe","virginiamycin","فيرجينيامايسين",{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},{"title":1664,"id":1665,"documentId":1666,"heading":1667,"slug":1668,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1669,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1670,"drugs":1766},"Mastitis",249,"y9y33g9pxsm3uyf6u9o7kdpf","التهاب الضرع","mastitis","تشمل الأعضاء المرتبطة بالتهاب الضرع الغدة الثديية (الضرع) بأرباعها، والحلمة وقناتها (teat canal) التي تغلقها السدادة الكيراتينية حاجزاً مادياً، والحليب الذي يتغير مظهره في الشكل السريري.",[1671,1676,1680,1684,1688,1691,1694,1697,1700,1703,1706,1709,1712,1715,1718,1721,1724,1727,1730,1733,1736,1739,1742,1745,1748,1751,1754,1757,1760,1763],{"claims":1672,"source":1673,"licence":1674,"source_url":1675,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"contagious and environmental pathogens, clinical mastitis signs, dry period infection share and risk windows, keratin plug, environmental management, dry cow therapy, teat sealants, S. aureus hard to cure, core-antigen vaccines, 10% of coliform cases systemic","University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension - Management of the Dry Cow to Prevent Mastitis (ID-209)","(c) 2012 University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension; reproducible for educational or nonprofit purposes with credit","https:\u002F\u002Fpublications.mgcafe.uky.edu\u002Ffiles\u002FID209.pdf",{"claims":1677,"source":1678,"licence":604,"source_url":1679,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition, over 135 organisms, contagious spread at milking, clinical vs subclinical, 200,000 cells\u002FmL threshold, teat disinfection, dry cow therapy, culling","Antimicrobial Resistance of Major Bacterial Pathogens from Dairy Cows with High Somatic Cell Count and Clinical Mastitis - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7827620\u002F",{"claims":1681,"source":1682,"licence":30,"source_url":1683,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"camel mastitis prevalence, pathogens and risk factors in Egypt, California Mastitis Test","Prevalence of mastitis and its associated risk factors in lactating camels in Northern Egypt - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12503299\u002F",{"claims":1685,"source":1686,"licence":43,"source_url":1687,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms teat canal entry, immune cell influx and SCC, severity range, 200,000 cells\u002FmL threshold, post-milking teat dipping","MSD Veterinary Manual - Mastitis in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fmastitis-in-large-animals\u002Fmastitis-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":1689,"licence":57,"source_url":1690,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"National Mastitis Council, A Practical Look at Contagious Mastitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F09\u002FA-Practical-Look-at-Contagious-Mastitis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1692,"licence":57,"source_url":1693,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"National Mastitis Council, A Practical Look at Environmental Mastitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F06\u002FFact-Sheet-A-Practical-Look-at-Environmental-Mastitis-Formatted.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1695,"licence":57,"source_url":1696,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Maintaining Optimal Mammary Gland Health and Prevention of Mastitis (PMC7927899)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7927899\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1698,"licence":57,"source_url":1699,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments - A review (PMC7649072)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7649072\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1701,"licence":57,"source_url":1702,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"National Mastitis Council, Recommended Milking Procedures","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F06\u002FRecommended-Milking-Procedures-Formatted-002.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1704,"licence":57,"source_url":1705,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"National Mastitis Council, Dry Cow Therapy","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002FDry-Cow-Therapy_formatted9.2026.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1707,"licence":57,"source_url":1708,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"National Mastitis Council, Post-milking Teat Disinfection Fact Sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002FPostmilking-teat-disinfection-fact-sheet-10.20.20.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1710,"licence":57,"source_url":1711,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"National Mastitis Council, The Value and Use of Dairy Herd Improvement Somatic Cell Count","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F06\u002FIN-PROGRESS-Fact-Sheet-The-Value-and-Use-of-Dairy-Herd-Improvement-Somatic-Cell-Count-Formatted.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1713,"licence":57,"source_url":1714,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality (PMC9687184)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9687184\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1716,"licence":57,"source_url":1717,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Regulation (EC) No 853\u002F2004, Annex III Section IX Chapter I (raw milk criteria)","https:\u002F\u002Feur-lex.europa.eu\u002Flegal-content\u002FEN\u002FTXT\u002FHTML\u002F?uri=CELEX:32004R0853",{"claims":55,"source":1719,"licence":57,"source_url":1720,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Mastitis in Ewes","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fmastitis-in-large-animals\u002Fmastitis-in-ewes",{"claims":55,"source":1722,"licence":57,"source_url":1723,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Longitudinal Study of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep in Greece (PMC10603708)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10603708\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1725,"licence":57,"source_url":1726,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Mastitis in Goats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fmastitis-in-large-animals\u002Fmastitis-in-goats",{"claims":55,"source":1728,"licence":57,"source_url":1729,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns (PMC12284564)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12284564\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1731,"licence":57,"source_url":1732,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"The prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity, and factors associated with camel mastitis in Isiolo County, Kenya (PMC9880833)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9880833\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1734,"licence":57,"source_url":1735,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Clinicopathological study on camel mastitis at Matrouh Governorate (PMC10390683)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10390683\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1737,"licence":57,"source_url":1738,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"EMA, Startvac EPAR scientific discussion (2009)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fscientific-discussion\u002Fstartvac-epar-scientific-discussion_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1740,"licence":57,"source_url":1741,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"EMA, Startvac EPAR product information (SPC)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fproduct-information\u002Fstartvac-epar-product-information_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1743,"licence":57,"source_url":1744,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"EMA CVMP, Startvac summary of opinion (2008)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fsmop-initial\u002Fcommittee-medicinal-products-veterinary-use-summary-opinion-startvac-international-non-proprietary-names-inn-inactivated-vaccine-cattle_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1746,"licence":57,"source_url":1747,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"EMA CVMP, UBAC summary of opinion (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fsmop-initial\u002Fcvmp-summary-positive-opinion-ubac_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1749,"licence":57,"source_url":1750,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"EMA, UBAC EPAR product information (SPC)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fproduct-information\u002Fubac-epar-product-information_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1752,"licence":57,"source_url":1753,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"UK VMD, VIMCO emulsion for injection for ewes and female goats, SPC","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vmd.defra.gov.uk\u002Fproductinformationdatabase\u002Ffiles\u002FSPC_Documents\u002FSPC_1236917.PDF",{"claims":55,"source":1755,"licence":57,"source_url":1756,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Drugs.com veterinary label, Lysigin (Boehringer Ingelheim, US Vet. Lic. 124)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Flysigin.html",{"claims":55,"source":1758,"licence":57,"source_url":1759,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Drugs.com veterinary label, Bovilis J-5 (Merck Animal Health)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Fbovilis-j-5.html",{"claims":55,"source":1761,"licence":57,"source_url":1762,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Drugs.com veterinary label, J-VAC (Boehringer Ingelheim)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Fj-vac.html",{"claims":55,"source":1764,"licence":57,"source_url":1765,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":418},"Drugs.com veterinary label, Enviracor J-5 (Zoetis)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Fenviracor-j-5.html",[1767,1772,1777,1778,1783,1789,1794,1799,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1816,1822],{"id":1768,"documentId":1769,"slug":1770,"name":1770,"heading":1771},1907,"l487k6ut8icl1ciw4963c3e4","cephapirin","سيفابيرين",{"id":1773,"documentId":1774,"slug":1775,"name":1775,"heading":1776},1908,"c1nozf658pg9t0b9uxugm1vz","cloxacillin","كلوكساسيلين",{"id":158,"documentId":159,"slug":160,"name":161,"heading":162},{"id":1779,"documentId":1780,"slug":1781,"name":1781,"heading":1782},1909,"iqrgemkqtmsyyluwq4ik5l55","hetacillin","هيتاسيلين",{"id":1784,"documentId":1785,"slug":1786,"name":1787,"heading":1788},1917,"v41k7e6r9aa0fwclsce7bbdg","hydrogen-peroxide","hydrogen peroxide","بيروكسيد الهيدروجين",{"id":1790,"documentId":1791,"slug":1792,"name":1792,"heading":1793},1916,"uavpo8321vy6bpkk25ph1plk","iodine","اليود",{"id":1795,"documentId":1796,"slug":1797,"name":1797,"heading":1798},1914,"vuft3op2ug4uwtaegtcggop3","novobiocin","نوفوبيوسين",{"id":1800,"documentId":1801,"slug":1802,"name":1802,"heading":1803},1913,"m9o83usfemjjt8md2uor0xa3","pirlimycin","بيرليميسين",{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":218,"heading":219},{"id":713,"documentId":714,"slug":715,"name":716,"heading":717},{"id":146,"documentId":147,"slug":148,"name":149,"heading":150},{"id":349,"documentId":350,"slug":351,"name":352,"heading":353},{"id":343,"documentId":344,"slug":345,"name":346,"heading":347},{"id":1589,"documentId":1590,"slug":1591,"name":1592,"heading":1593},{"id":1811,"documentId":1812,"slug":1813,"name":1814,"heading":1815},2087,"jfhish5bw5hjkgxru2gp9qwu","carprofen","Carprofen","كاربروفين",{"id":1817,"documentId":1818,"slug":1819,"name":1820,"heading":1821},2022,"ize7h55bqrd0zo807u81wvy3","ketoprofen","Ketoprofen","كيتوبروفين",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"title":1824,"id":1825,"documentId":1826,"heading":1827,"slug":1828,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1829,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1830,"drugs":1847},"Metritis",281,"e3wga7pef9kwczpw6gfgmt3j","التهاب الرحم","metritis","يصيب التهاب الرحم (metritis) جدار الرحم كله، بينما يمثل التهاب بطانة الرحم (endometritis) التهاباً في بطانة الرحم (endometrium) وهو عادةً أخف شدة، بحسب المراجعة المنشورة في مجلة Animals عام 2025. وتذكر المراجعة أن التهاب الرحم يثبط إفراز الهرمون الملوتن (luteinizing hormone, LH) من الغدة النخامية الأمامية. وتضيف المراجعة أن الجس المستقيمي للرحم (transrectal uterine palpation) يساعد على كشف تضخم الرحم أو التهابه، غير أن دقة التشخيص تختلف باختلاف خبرة الطبيب.",[1831,1836,1841,1844],{"claims":1832,"source":1833,"licence":1834,"source_url":1835,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definitions and 21-day timing, bacteria, LPS and TLR mechanism, ovarian effects, risk factors, up to 40% incidence, endometritis definitions","Biology of Reproduction (2009) - Sheldon et al., Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle (PMC2784443)","PMC copyright notice; no open licence stated","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC2784443\u002F",{"claims":1837,"source":1838,"licence":1839,"source_url":1840,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"10-14 day timing, 12% incidence, E. coli as initial contaminant, under 45% febrile, milk loss, prevention","University of Kentucky, Department of Animal and Food Sciences (D. Amaral-Phillips) - Metritis","(c) 2026 University of Kentucky","https:\u002F\u002Fafs.mgcafe.uky.edu\u002Fcontent\u002Fdairymetritis",{"claims":1842,"source":1843,"licence":30,"source_url":642,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"whole-wall inflammation within 10 days, bacteria, negative energy balance, LH suppression, signs, pyometra, treatment response, fertility effects, nutrition and vitamin E\u002Fselenium","Animals (Basel) (2025) - From Infection to Infertility: postpartum metritis and endometritis in dairy cows (PMC12523507, Europe PMC full text)",{"claims":55,"source":1845,"licence":57,"source_url":1846,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual: Metritis in Production Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Futerine-diseases-in-production-animals\u002Fmetritis-in-production-animals",[1848,1849,1854,1855,1856,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1874,1879,1885],{"id":713,"documentId":714,"slug":715,"name":716,"heading":717},{"id":1850,"documentId":1851,"slug":1852,"name":1852,"heading":1853},2093,"p898109tf08ftjooj3pchbzz","chlorhexidine","كلورهيكسيدين",{"id":158,"documentId":159,"slug":160,"name":161,"heading":162},{"id":164,"documentId":165,"slug":166,"name":167,"heading":168},{"id":1857,"documentId":1858,"slug":1859,"name":1860,"heading":1861},2207,"bz1ip9k531zp2nntoiemzs4y","salicylic-acid","salicylic acid","حمض الساليسيليك",{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":218,"heading":219},{"id":201,"documentId":202,"slug":203,"name":204,"heading":205},{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},{"id":343,"documentId":344,"slug":345,"name":346,"heading":347},{"id":1817,"documentId":1818,"slug":1819,"name":1820,"heading":1821},{"id":1869,"documentId":1870,"slug":1871,"name":1872,"heading":1873},2190,"kdr7bkkfr9m36fetwivfot1g","polymyxin-b","polymyxin b","بوليميكسين ب",{"id":1875,"documentId":1876,"slug":1877,"name":1877,"heading":1878},2181,"n510gy2n47k13lrvjlwhlasf","oxytocin","أوكسيتوسين",{"id":1880,"documentId":1881,"slug":1882,"name":1883,"heading":1884},1956,"hqg7s6m13d7m7ip4w67ptjv8","marbofloxacin","Marbofloxacin","ماربوفلوكساسين",{"id":728,"documentId":729,"slug":730,"name":731,"heading":732},{"title":1887,"id":1888,"documentId":1889,"heading":1890,"slug":1891,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1892,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1893,"drugs":1922},"Milk Fever (Parturient Paresis)",308,"puze62sj6r4vwodiophww3gl","حمى الحليب","milk-fever-parturient-paresis","ترتبط حمى الحليب لدى أبقار الحليب بالأعضاء التي تحافظ على كالسيوم الدم عند بدء الإدرار، وهي الغدد التي تفرز هرمون جارات الدرق (PTH) والكلى والأمعاء والهيكل العظمي. تتأثر في حمى الحليب أيضًا العضلات الهيكلية التي يتدهور انقباضها مع انخفاض الكالسيوم حتى الرقود القصّي ثم الجانبي، والعضلات الملساء التي تحتاج إلى الكالسيوم خارج الخلايا لتنقبض، ومنها عضلات الكرش والمنفحة والحلمة.",[1894,1898,1902,1906,1910,1913,1916,1919],{"claims":1895,"source":1896,"licence":604,"source_url":1897,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"PTH-vitamin D axis, magnesium and DCAD effects, clinical stages I-III, bloat, subclinical signs, risk factors, intravenous calcium for recumbent cows and oral calcium to reduce relapse","Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cows: A Systematic Review of Metabolic Implications and Management Strategies (Life, MDPI) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13412600\u002F",{"claims":1899,"source":1900,"licence":1610,"source_url":1901,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition and calcium thresholds, onset within 24 h, mechanism, smooth muscle effects, associated diseases, death if untreated, shortened productive life, UAE incidence by year, season and lactation, diagnostic signs","Retrospective study on the cumulative incidence of milk fever in parturient cows: a case study in the United Arab Emirates (BMC Veterinary Research) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11687054\u002F",{"claims":1903,"source":1904,"licence":43,"source_url":1905,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"intravenous calcium cures most cases, later disease susceptibility, oral calcium, negative DCAD and low-calcium rations, magnesium and body condition, 10% control threshold, 20-50% frequency in high-risk cows, relapse risk","Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review (Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC1764183\u002F",{"claims":1907,"source":1908,"licence":30,"source_url":1909,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"inflammatory cytokines suppress PTH and worsen hypocalcaemia, link with other periparturient diseases","From Parts to Whole: A Systems Biology Approach to Decoding Milk Fever (Veterinary Sciences, MDPI) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12031423\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1911,"licence":57,"source_url":1912,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Parturient Paresis in Cows","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fmetabolic-disorders\u002Fdisorders-of-calcium-metabolism\u002Fparturient-paresis-in-cows",{"claims":55,"source":1914,"licence":57,"source_url":1915,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"University of Minnesota Extension - Hypocalcemia (dairy milking cows)","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.umn.edu\u002Fdairy-milking-cows\u002Fhypocalcemia",{"claims":55,"source":1917,"licence":57,"source_url":1918,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension - Technical Report 31, Controlling Milk Fever and Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle","https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.nmsu.edu\u002Fresearch\u002Fdairy\u002FTR31.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1920,"licence":57,"source_url":1921,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"University of Maryland Extension - Milk Fever Prevention Begins Before Calving","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.umd.edu\u002Fresource\u002Fmilk-fever-prevention-begins-calving",[1923,1929,1935],{"id":1924,"documentId":1925,"slug":1926,"name":1927,"heading":1928},2083,"cyhgbw1n2h898talcg03fjuk","calcium-gluconate","calcium gluconate","غلوكونات الكالسيوم",{"id":1930,"documentId":1931,"slug":1932,"name":1933,"heading":1934},2018,"xm02xa7kboeycathm168odgo","calcium-chloride","calcium chloride","كلوريد الكالسيوم",{"id":1936,"documentId":1937,"slug":1938,"name":1939,"heading":1940},2158,"j1uhrhga2rswcf3paqy26rn3","magnesium-sulfate","magnesium sulfate","كبريتات المغنيسيوم",{"title":1942,"id":1943,"documentId":1944,"heading":1945,"slug":1946,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1947,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1948,"drugs":1957},"Osteomyelitis",366,"eivbuj097dhdzdcwltny64ds","التهاب العظم والنقي","osteomyelitis","يصيب التهاب العظم والنقي العظام ونقي العظم، وأكثر ما يصيب الفقرات والأقراص بين الفقرية (spondylodiscitis)، والمفاصل، والفك السفلي، وعظام الحوض. يتمركز الشكل دموي المنشأ عادةً في الكُردوس (metaphysis) والمشاش (epiphysis) من العظام النامية، وفي جسم العظام الطويلة (diaphysis) لدى البالغين، وقد تمتد العدوى النشطة بناسور إلى السمحاق الخارجي (periosteum). وُصف التهاب العظم والنقي في العظم اللامي (hyoid) لدى العجول بعد إصابات الفك السفلي، ويرتبط العرج في دجاج اللاحم المربى على أرضيات سلكية مرتفعة كثيرًا بالنخر الغضروفي البكتيري المصحوب بالتهاب العظم والنقي (bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis) في الأجزاء القريبة من عظمي الساق والفخذ.",[1949,1953],{"claims":1950,"source":1951,"licence":30,"source_url":1952,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition, routes, biofilm, sequestrum, species forms, organisms incl. fungi, acute vs chronic, radiographic lag, culture sampling, debridement and implant removal","Microbiological aspects of osteomyelitis in veterinary medicine: drawing parallels to the infection in human medicine. Vet Q 2022 (PMC8725753)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8725753\u002F",{"claims":1954,"source":1955,"licence":604,"source_url":1956,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology incl. adhesion, RANKL, involucrum; aetiology by species (foals, calves, pigs, broilers, turkeys); risk factors; clinical signs; differentials; treatment approach; foal mortality","Osteomyelitis related lameness across animal species: pathophysiology, etiology, epidemiology and experimental models. Front Vet Sci 2026 (PMC13248973)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13248973\u002F",[1958],{"id":1959,"documentId":1960,"slug":1961,"name":1962,"heading":1963},2049,"r3x6vc1epkgy3bywobl4lcmq","clindamycin","Clindamycin","كليندامايسين",{"title":1965,"id":1966,"documentId":1967,"heading":1968,"slug":1969,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1970,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1971,"drugs":2002},"Ovarian cyst",311,"axi8xqkr2jcrudsvgthn5rrj","أكياس المبيض","ovarian-cyst","ترتبط أكياس المبيض في الأبقار بالمبيض الذي يكون عادةً متضخمًا مستديرًا يتفاوت حجمه بعدد الأكياس وحجمها، وبالرحم الذي تطرأ عليه تغيرات قابلة للجس تحت تأثير هرمونات المبيض الكيسي أو غياب هرمونات الدورة كالبروجسترون. ترتبط أكياس المبيض أيضًا بمحور الوطاء والغدة النخامية والمبيض (hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis)، إذ يبدو أن خلله يقود إلى تكوّن الأكياس، وأكثر الفرضيات قبولًا تعزوها إلى خلل في الهرمون الملوتن (LH) الذي تطلقه منطقة الوطاء والغدة النخامية.",[1972,1976,1980,1984,1988,1993,1996,1999],{"claims":1973,"source":1974,"licence":552,"source_url":1975,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (failed LH surge, persistent steroid-producing follicles, follicular versus luteal walls and progesterone), 2.7-30% incidence, timing, risk factors, culling, spontaneous regression 38-60%, 88% recovery with modified ovsynch, definitions differing by author","Efficiency of a Modified Ovulation Synchronization Program in the Treatment of Ovarian Cysts in Dairy Cattle, Animals (MDPI) 2025, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11987941\u002F",{"claims":1977,"source":1978,"licence":804,"source_url":1979,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"6-30% incidence, 25 mm and 10 day definition, follicular versus luteal classification, 20-64 day extension of calving interval, cause unknown, treatment classes","A comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cows with ovarian follicular cysts, Veterinary Evidence 2022, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13011126\u002F",{"claims":1981,"source":1982,"licence":413,"source_url":1983,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"17 mm and 6 day definition, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian imbalance, kisspeptin, LH and oestradiol, stress, thyroid, oxidative stress, insulin and IGF factors, diagnosis by palpation, ultrasound and progesterone","New Insights in Bovine Follicular Cysts, Reproduction in Domestic Animals 2025, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11889522\u002F",{"claims":1985,"source":1986,"licence":287,"source_url":1987,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms GnRH failure with metabolic compromise, 6-30% incidence, Holstein predisposition, nymphomania and virilism signs, preovulatory follicle differential, wall thickness, 15-30 days to fertile heat, recurrence with metabolic dysfunction","MSD Veterinary Manual - Follicular Cystic Ovary Disease in Cows","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fcystic-ovary-disease\u002Ffollicular-cystic-ovary-disease-in-cows",{"claims":1989,"source":1990,"licence":1991,"source_url":1992,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"more than 95% show no heat behaviour, luteal cysts suppress oestrus, cysts recorded twice as often as anoestrus, prostaglandin response of luteal tissue, 40-50% pregnancy rate, avoiding negative energy balance","NADIS (National Animal Disease Information Service) - Fertility in Dairy Herds Part 4: Identifying and Treating the Abnormally Cycling Cow","(c) NADIS, all rights reserved (facts only)","https:\u002F\u002Fnadis.org.uk\u002Fdisease-a-z\u002Fcattle\u002Ffertility-in-dairy-herds\u002Fpart-4-identifying-and-treating-the-abnormally-cycling-cow\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1994,"licence":57,"source_url":1995,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Bors and Bors (2020): Ovarian cysts, an anovulatory condition in dairy cattle (Journal of Veterinary Medical Science)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7653308\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1997,"licence":57,"source_url":1998,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Domrazek et al. (2025): Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Ovarian Cysts in Bitches and Queens: A Meta-Analysis (Animals)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12524226\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":2000,"licence":57,"source_url":2001,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual: Follicular Cysts in Small Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fmerckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Freproductive-diseases-of-the-female-small-animal\u002Ffollicular-cysts-in-small-animals",[2003,2008],{"id":2004,"documentId":2005,"slug":2006,"name":2006,"heading":2007},2035,"ftrixe5wbdw3amozc73oyawa","gonadorelin","غونادوريلين",{"id":2009,"documentId":2010,"slug":2011,"name":2012,"heading":2013},2095,"bjxhe64azygocj390dsx4g0b","chorionic-gonadotropin","chorionic gonadotropin","موجهة الغدد التناسلية المشيمائية",{"title":2015,"id":2016,"documentId":2017,"heading":2018,"slug":2019,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":2020,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":2021,"drugs":2036},"Salmonellosis",332,"d6vv1hh14a8wivl4101eqpkc","داء السلمونيلات","salmonellosis","تتركز آفات داء السلمونيلات (salmonellosis) المعوية وتشتد في اللفائفي السفلي (ileum) والأمعاء الغليظة ومنها الأعور (cecum) والقولون الحلزوني، وتكون العقد اللمفاوية المساريقية متوذمة نزفية عادة، وقد يلتهب جدار المرارة. تغزو السلمونيلات أيضًا الخلايا المعوية والنسيج اللمفاوي اللوزي، وكثيرًا ما تتوضع في المرارة والعقد اللمفاوية المساريقية، وقد تبلغ مع تسمم الدم الدماغ والسحايا والرحم الحامل والمفاصل ونهايات الأطراف وأطراف الأذنين والذيل، وتتوضع بعض الأنماط المصلية في الجهاز التناسلي، وقد تصاب الرئتان بالالتهاب في العجول والخنازير.",[2022,2026,2030,2033],{"claims":2023,"source":2024,"licence":18,"source_url":2025,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and serovar classification, host-adapted and host-specific serovars, susceptible groups, global distribution and intensive husbandry, carriers, food contamination, zoonosis, clinical signs in chicks, calves (S. Dublin) and pigs (S. Choleraesuis), differential diagnosis, inactivated and live vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.10.7 Salmonellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.10.07_SALMONELLOSIS.pdf",{"claims":2027,"source":2028,"licence":43,"source_url":2029,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms invasion mechanism, septicaemic localisation, faecal-oral transmission, stress risk factors, signs in adults, intestinal lesions, neonatal mortality up to 100%, difficulty of bacteriological cure, biliary persistence, herd biosecurity and sanitation measures","MSD Veterinary Manual - Salmonellosis in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fsalmonellosis\u002Fsalmonellosis-in-animals",{"claims":129,"source":2031,"source_url":2032,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Salmonellosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fnontyphoidal_salmonellosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":2034,"licence":57,"source_url":2035,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WHO - Salmonella (non-typhoidal) fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fsalmonella-(non-typhoidal)",[],{"pagination":2038,"applied":2042,"facets":2046},{"page":2039,"pageSize":2040,"pageCount":2039,"total":2041},1,50,43,{"sort":2043,"species":2044},"alpha",[2045],"cattle",{"species":2047,"zoonotic":2100},[2048,2052,2054,2058,2062,2066,2070,2074,2078,2082,2086,2089,2093,2097],{"slug":2049,"label":2050,"label_ar":11,"count":2051},"dog","Dog",48,{"slug":2045,"label":2053,"label_ar":11,"count":2041},"Cattle",{"slug":2055,"label":2056,"label_ar":11,"count":2057},"domestic-cat","Domestic cat",38,{"slug":2059,"label":2060,"label_ar":11,"count":2061},"sheep","Sheep",34,{"slug":2063,"label":2064,"label_ar":11,"count":2065},"goat","Goat",31,{"slug":2067,"label":2068,"label_ar":11,"count":2069},"horse","Horse",29,{"slug":2071,"label":2072,"label_ar":11,"count":2073},"camel","Camel",21,{"slug":2075,"label":2076,"label_ar":11,"count":2077},"pig","Pig",16,{"slug":2079,"label":2080,"label_ar":11,"count":2081},"chicken","Chicken",15,{"slug":2083,"label":2084,"label_ar":11,"count":2085},"turkey","Turkey",12,{"slug":2087,"label":2088,"label_ar":11,"count":2085},"buffalo","Buffalo",{"slug":2090,"label":2091,"label_ar":11,"count":2092},"deer","Deer",10,{"slug":2094,"label":2095,"label_ar":11,"count":2096},"red-fox","Red fox",6,{"slug":2098,"label":2099,"label_ar":11,"count":2096},"ass","Ass",[2101],{"slug":2102,"label":2102,"count":2096},"true"]