[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reference-medical-conditions-{\"species\":\"dog\"}":3},{"data":4,"meta":2012},[5,45,86,128,221,253,299,361,405,488,551,575,593,651,689,739,800,847,870,916,966,1001,1027,1077,1100,1129,1197,1242,1269,1314,1381,1406,1430,1467,1512,1547,1580,1608,1692,1715,1754,1779,1813,1855,1897,1920,1944,1962],{"title":6,"id":7,"documentId":8,"heading":9,"slug":10,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":12,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":13,"drugs":38},"Acute moist dermatitis",361,"ljsm5t4inb48rqnpvqel49lv","التهاب الجلد الرطب الحاد","acute-moist-dermatitis",null,"تصيب البقع الساخنة في الكلاب سطح الجلد في صورة آفة حمراء يعلوها القيح، ويصنّفها دليل MSD البيطري ضمن تقيّح الجلد السطحي. ترتبط البقع الساخنة كذلك بالأذنين والخدين، إذ تنتهي حكة الأذن أو ألمها ببقعة على الخد، وبالكيسين الشرجيين اللذين تحفّز التهاباتهما اللعق والمضغ، وبالمنطقة تحت الذيل الكثيف حيث قد لا يُنتبه إلى القرحة الأولى. يذكر مركز ريني لصحة الكلاب في جامعة كورنيل أن الكلاب ذات الآذان المتدلية أو الفراء الكثيف هي الأكثر عرضة للبقع الساخنة.",[14,21,26,31],{"claims":15,"source":16,"licence":17,"source_url":18,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, triggers, breed and coat predisposition, seasonality, lesion features and sites, itch-scratch cycle, early versus infected lesions, prevention","Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Riney Canine Health Center - Hot spots","not stated on source page (reprinted from Cornell DogWatch newsletter, Belvoir Media Group)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vet.cornell.edu\u002Fdepartments-centers-and-institutes\u002Friney-canine-health-center\u002Fcanine-health-topics\u002Fhot-spots","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":22,"source":23,"licence":24,"source_url":25,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pyotraumatic dermatitis definition, primary causes, spring\u002Fsummer seasonality, rapid enlargement, lesion location by cause, bacterial colonisation cycle, differential from pyotraumatic folliculitis and furunculosis, control of underlying cause","Virginia Tech Veterinary Teaching Hospital - That itches! A guide to canine hot spots","(c) 2026 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","https:\u002F\u002Fvth.vetmed.vt.edu\u002Fanimal-care-tips\u002Fvetmed-pet-canine-hot-spots.html",{"claims":27,"source":28,"licence":29,"source_url":30,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms acute moist dermatitis as a surface pyoderma following a triggering event, warm moist skin with higher bacterial counts, topical therapy for surface pyoderma","MSD Veterinary Manual - Pyoderma in Dogs and Cats (confirmation only)","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fintegumentary-system\u002Fpyoderma\u002Fpyoderma-in-dogs-and-cats",{"claims":32,"source":33,"licence":34,"source_url":35,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Arabic article (body)","Antimicrobial use guidelines for canine pyoderma by the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID). Vet Dermatol 2025 (PMC12058580)","facts cited; the Arabic article is original text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12058580\u002F","apply-chain-articles.cjs","2026-10-14",[39],{"id":40,"documentId":41,"slug":42,"name":43,"heading":44},1939,"edsi8cmiqv51loxkf9irwbr8","fluocinolone-acetonide","fluocinolone acetonide","فلوسينولون أسيتونيد",{"title":46,"id":47,"documentId":48,"heading":49,"slug":50,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":51,"drugs":67},"Addison's Disease (Hypoadrenocorticism)",356,"fg9yvdmnv8wmhn45af7ulxie","داء أديسون","addisons-disease-hypoadrenocorticism",[52,55,58,61,64],{"claims":32,"source":53,"licence":34,"source_url":54,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Addison Disease (Hypoadrenocorticism) in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fendocrine-system\u002Fthe-adrenal-glands\u002Faddison-disease-hypoadrenocorticism-in-animals",{"claims":32,"source":56,"licence":34,"source_url":57,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Schofield et al. 2021, Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs under UK primary veterinary care: frequency, clinical approaches and risk factors, J Small Anim Pract (PMC8248152)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8248152\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":59,"licence":34,"source_url":60,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Lathan and Thompson 2018, Management of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) in dogs, Vet Med (Auckl) (PMC6055912)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6055912\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":62,"licence":34,"source_url":63,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Glebocka and Boag 2024, Hypoadrenocorticism in cats: a 40-year update, J Feline Med Surg (PMC11437538)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11437538\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":65,"licence":34,"source_url":66,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE): Cushing's Syndrome and Hypoadrenocorticism consensus definitions, Vet Sci 2025 (PMC12390432)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12390432\u002F",[68,74,80],{"id":69,"documentId":70,"slug":71,"name":72,"heading":73},2132,"yxc6yfb8cr7jhxoamj7nsqfy","fludrocortisone","Fludrocortisone","فلودروكورتيزون",{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":78,"heading":79},2038,"xc3gj9by23k6xtfnafik3pcd","prednisone","Prednisone","بريدنيزون",{"id":81,"documentId":82,"slug":83,"name":84,"heading":85},2112,"fep2yq0dwved60ame2ape4rb","dexamethasone","Dexamethasone","ديكساميثازون",{"title":87,"id":88,"documentId":89,"heading":90,"slug":91,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":92,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":93,"drugs":110},"Allergic dermatitis",362,"ysftufgwd3uubehah4jweiqo","التهاب الجلد التحسسي","allergic-dermatitis","يرتبط التهاب الجلد التأتبي في الكلاب بالطبقة المتقرنة (stratum corneum) في أعلى البشرة، حيث يقع حاجز الجلد المكوّن من الخلايا الكيراتينية وغلاف دهني بين الخلايا، وهو الحاجز الذي يُعتقد، بحسب مراجعة نُشرت في مجلة Veterinary Sciences عام 2023، أن خلله جزء من آلية المرض، ويرتبط كذلك بالأذن الخارجية التي يعدّ التأتب أشيع سبب أولي لالتهابها. تشمل المناطق المرتبطة بأمراض الجلد التحسسية أيضًا المنطقة القطنية العجزية وقاعدة الذيل والفخذين في حساسية البراغيث لدى الكلاب، والجهاز الهضمي في الشكل الغذائي لدى الكلاب، والرأس والعنق وصيوان الأذن في القطط.",[94,99,103,107],{"claims":95,"source":96,"licence":97,"source_url":98,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, IgE to environmental allergens, differential diagnosis table and work-up, flea distribution and climate, concurrent FAD, pyoderma and Malassezia, food reactions and elimination diets, Favrot criteria (onset under 3 years, front feet, pinnae, spared margins and dorsolumbar area), allergy testing for immunotherapy","BMC Veterinary Research (2015) - Canine atopic dermatitis: detailed guidelines for diagnosis and allergen identification (ICADA) (PMC4531508)","CC BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4531508\u002F",{"claims":100,"source":101,"licence":97,"source_url":102,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"prevalence 20-30%, lesions, secondary infections, otitis externa, incurable waxing-waning course, lifelong treatment, rising prevalence, barrier dysfunction, lipid and ceramide defects, TEWL, dysbiosis, type 2 immune response, primary prevention unproven in dogs","Veterinary Sciences (2023) - Primary Prevention of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Breaking the Cycle - A Narrative Review (PMC10674681)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10674681\u002F",{"claims":104,"source":105,"licence":97,"source_url":106,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"feline reaction patterns, differentials in cats, unproven IgE role, FAD as most frequent feline hypersensitivity, type I\u002FIV reaction, flea control of all in-contact animals and environment, mosquito bite hypersensitivity and indoor housing, food reactions with gastrointestinal signs","Veterinary Sciences (2017) - Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Dermatoses in the Feline Patient: A Review of Allergic Skin Disease in Cats (PMC5606602)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5606602\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":108,"licence":34,"source_url":109,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: 2015 updated guidelines from the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA). BMC Vet Res 2015 (PMC4537558)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4537558\u002F",[111,117,122],{"id":112,"documentId":113,"slug":114,"name":115,"heading":116},2239,"govmdbg7sbn80pewb1cn0xlo","triamcinolone-acetonide","triamcinolone acetonide","تريامسينولون أسيتونيد",{"id":118,"documentId":119,"slug":120,"name":120,"heading":121},1941,"zn4ozmqt343xgw12ho76tr84","ilunocitinib","إيلونوسيتينيب",{"id":123,"documentId":124,"slug":125,"name":126,"heading":127},2041,"k22vgyyuitiqz8oi3ogpk3xs","oclacitinib","Oclacitinib","أوكلاسيتينيب",{"title":129,"id":130,"documentId":131,"heading":132,"slug":133,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":134,"is_zoonotic":135,"citations":136,"drugs":187},"Anaplasmosis",293,"cjkmjqu2zevxweofeb9inwzc","داء الأنابلازما","anaplasmosis","تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بداء الأنابلازما لدى المجترات كريات الدم الحمراء، والأغشية المخاطية، والطحال والكبد والمرارة والعقد اللمفية الكبدية والمنصفية لدى الأبقار النافقة، والجهاز التناسلي، إذ قد يحدث الإجهاض لدى الإناث والعقم المؤقت لدى الذكور. تصيب Anaplasma platys لدى الكلبيات الصفيحات الدموية والخلايا المنوّاة العملاقة (megakaryocytes)، وتمسّ في الكلاب العين والغشاء المخاطي للفم والجلد والعقد اللمفية والطحال، بينما تصيب A. phagocytophilum العدلات لدى فقاريات مختلفة.",true,[137,142,147,151,155,159,163,168,172,175,178,181,184],{"claims":138,"source":139,"licence":140,"source_url":141,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"genus taxonomy, A. marginale in red cells, tick and mechanical vectors, no human infection with A. marginale, distinction from babesiosis, A. centrale vaccine","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024 - Chapter 3.4.1 Bovine anaplasmosis","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.01_BOVINE_ANAPLASMOSIS.pdf",{"claims":143,"source":144,"licence":145,"source_url":146,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"A. phagocytophilum as human pathogen carried by Ixodes ticks, tick prevention, doxycycline as treatment of choice in people","CDC - About Anaplasmosis","not stated on source page (US federal government work)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fanaplasmosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":148,"source":149,"licence":97,"source_url":150,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"A. platys and A. phagocytophilum target cells, vectors, host range, clinical signs in dogs, co-infections, tetracyclines, acaricides, zoonotic status","Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control of Canine Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia and Granulocytic Anaplasmosis - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8705095\u002F",{"claims":152,"source":153,"licence":97,"source_url":154,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"A. ovis in red cells, signs in small ruminants, Tunisian prevalence and vectors, seasonality","Anaplasma ovis Prevalence Assessment and Cross Validation Using Multiparametric Screening Approach in Sheep from Central Tunisia - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9693597\u002F",{"claims":156,"source":157,"licence":97,"source_url":158,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"A. marginale prevalence and July peak in northern Algeria","Bovine piroplasmosis-anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (north Algeria) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7738714\u002F",{"claims":160,"source":161,"licence":29,"source_url":162,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"adult cattle mortality, early tetracycline treatment, clinical signs","University of Illinois Extension - Anaplasmosis (Beef Cattle)","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.illinois.edu\u002Fbeef-cattle\u002Fanaplasmosis",{"claims":164,"source":165,"licence":166,"source_url":167,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"age-related severity, needle transmission, transplacental carriers, herd-addition testing","Alabama Cooperative Extension System - Bovine Anaplasmosis","(c) 2026 Alabama Cooperative Extension System","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aces.edu\u002Fblog\u002Ftopics\u002Fbeef\u002Fbovine-anaplasmosis\u002F",{"claims":169,"source":170,"licence":29,"source_url":171,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms A. ovis in sheep and goats, extravascular red-cell destruction, necropsy lesions, ruminant differentials","MSD Veterinary Manual - Anaplasmosis in Ruminants (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Fanaplasmosis-in-ruminants",{"claims":32,"source":173,"licence":34,"source_url":174,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Anaplasmosis in Ruminants","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Fanaplasmosis-in-ruminants",{"claims":32,"source":176,"licence":34,"source_url":177,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3367650\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":179,"licence":34,"source_url":180,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Anaplasma platys beyond canines: a systematic review of host range, phylogenetic relatedness, and knowledge gaps in Africa (Parasites & Vectors, 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13020140\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":182,"licence":34,"source_url":183,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Anaplasma phagocytophilum - a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies (Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3717505\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":185,"licence":34,"source_url":186,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Opening the black box of Anaplasma phagocytophilum diversity: current situation and future perspectives (Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4536383\u002F",[188,193,199,205,210,215],{"id":189,"documentId":190,"slug":191,"name":191,"heading":192},2094,"it07okh9q018mzk26lcmwctw","chlortetracycline","كلورتتراسيكلين",{"id":194,"documentId":195,"slug":196,"name":197,"heading":198},2124,"ffmipbw0zab57q6fzpuqjz4s","enrofloxacin","Enrofloxacin","إنروفلوكساسين",{"id":200,"documentId":201,"slug":202,"name":203,"heading":204},2180,"mobwje6owluqel8b1iwtnnj6","oxytetracycline","Oxytetracycline","أوكسي تتراسيكلين",{"id":206,"documentId":207,"slug":208,"name":208,"heading":209},1938,"vmr1amidiikn44p5wfuwkk04","imidocarb","إيميدوكارب",{"id":211,"documentId":212,"slug":213,"name":213,"heading":214},2225,"caokmdlctsumv3pue1d5tlea","tetracycline","تتراسيكلين",{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":219,"heading":220},2119,"qz64jsk6gakygq5c26u8crhn","doxycycline","Doxycycline","دوكسيسيكلين",{"title":222,"id":223,"documentId":224,"heading":225,"slug":226,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":227,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":228,"drugs":239},"Atopic dermatitis",268,"gx0rf6pbk00x5p9rlai2h5p7","التهاب الجلد التأتبي","atopic-dermatitis","يرتبط المرض بالجلد، إذ تشير الأدلة إلى شذوذات وراثية وجهاز مناعي متغيّر مع التهاب جلدي وعيب في الحاجز الجلدي. ويسهم تغيّر تركيبة السيراميدات في الجلد التأتبي المصاب عند الكلاب في اضطراب الغلاف الدهني وخلل حاجز البشرة (epidermis). وتتأثر عادةً مناطق الإبطين وأسفل البطن والأطراف البعيدة وباطن صيوان الأذن والمناطق حول العينين والفم والشرج. ويوجد التهاب الأذن الخارجية (otitis externa) لدى نصف الكلاب المصابة بالمرض. وقد تظهر على القطط المصابة علامات خارج الجلد، منها العطاس والسعال والتهاب الملتحمة والإسهال أو القيء.",[229,232,235],{"claims":230,"source":231,"licence":97,"source_url":98,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, seasonality, clinical signs and distribution, Favrot criteria age \u003C3 years, differential diagnoses and how each is excluded, allergen testing","Hensel P, Santoro D, Favrot C, Hill P, Griffin C. Canine atopic dermatitis: detailed guidelines for diagnosis and allergen identification. BMC Veterinary Research, 2015",{"claims":233,"source":234,"licence":97,"source_url":109,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"flare factors, flea control, elimination diets, bathing and skin care, flare prevention with immunotherapy and proactive topical therapy","Olivry T et al. Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: 2015 updated guidelines from the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA). BMC Veterinary Research, 2015",{"claims":236,"source":237,"licence":97,"source_url":238,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"prevalence, genetics, Th2 and IL-31, skin barrier, dust mite proteases, breeds in dogs and cats, age of onset, lesion distribution, otitis, feline reaction patterns, differentials, lifelong disease, immunotherapy as possibly curative","Gedon NKY, Mueller RS. Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners. Clinical and Translational Allergy, 2018","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6172809\u002F",[240,246,247,248],{"id":241,"documentId":242,"slug":243,"name":244,"heading":245},2108,"nzd2z5mt8ee17drn6tdylfgx","cyclosporine","Cyclosporine","سيكلوسبورين",{"id":118,"documentId":119,"slug":120,"name":120,"heading":121},{"id":123,"documentId":124,"slug":125,"name":126,"heading":127},{"id":249,"documentId":250,"slug":251,"name":251,"heading":252},2154,"za4yb0sv1y443p9elnslia7r","lokivetmab","لوكيفيتماب",{"title":254,"id":255,"documentId":256,"heading":257,"slug":258,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":259,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":260,"drugs":293},"Bacterial conjunctivitis",282,"g1ob7a3660vpyypqrmz1eoa0","التهاب الملتحمة الجرثومي","bacterial-conjunctivitis","تغطي الملتحمة (conjunctiva)، وهي غشاء رقيق، باطن الجفنين وتمتد على بياض العين في مقدمة كرة العين. ويذكر مركز كورنيل لصحة القطط أن علامات التهاب الملتحمة تظهر أيضاً عادةً في الجفن الثالث، وهو غشاء في الزاوية الداخلية لعين القط بين الجفن السفلي وكرة العين. وقد ينتج التهاب الملتحمة في عين واحدة فقط عن جسم غريب أو التهاب في الكيس الدمعي أو جفاف العين، وفق دليل MSD البيطري للكلاب. وقد تصل البكتيريا إلى القرنية عبر أوعية الملتحمة الدموية عند قصور العلاج أو ضبط المرض، فيُحتمل ظهور التهاب القرنية (keratitis) أو قرحاتها، بحسب دراسة ووهان بالصين.",[261,265,269,273,277,281,287,290],{"claims":262,"source":263,"licence":97,"source_url":264,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"dog aetiology, predisposing breed and environmental factors, signs, main isolates, culture and susceptibility guidance","Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Bacteria from the Conjunctival Sacs of Dogs with Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Different Regions of Wuhan, China (PMC11769483)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11769483\u002F",{"claims":266,"source":267,"licence":29,"source_url":268,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"feline causes, signs, spread in multi-cat settings, self-resolution, herpesvirus relapse, allergic and irritant differentials","Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell Feline Health Center - Conjunctivitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vet.cornell.edu\u002Fdepartments-centers-and-institutes\u002Fcornell-feline-health-center\u002Fhealth-information\u002Ffeline-health-topics\u002Fconjunctivitis",{"claims":270,"source":271,"licence":29,"source_url":272,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"C. felis in conjunctival epithelium, transmission via ocular secretions and equipment, age under one year, 12-20% vs 3% prevalence, carrier state, chronic course","The Emergence Potential of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia felis as Zoonotic Agents Causing Ocular and Respiratory Infections in Humans and Animals (PMC12004038), Archives of Razi Institute","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12004038\u002F",{"claims":274,"source":275,"licence":29,"source_url":276,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirmation: feline causes, chemosis, unilateral vs bilateral pattern, diagnostic tests, neonatal kitten conjunctivitis, risk of blindness","Merck Veterinary Manual - Disorders of the Conjunctiva in Cats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcat-owners\u002Feye-disorders-of-cats\u002Fdisorders-of-the-conjunctiva-in-cats",{"claims":278,"source":279,"licence":29,"source_url":280,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirmation: canine underlying causes (dry eye, tear sac, eyelid defects, irritants, parasites), diagnostic tests, antibiotics alone may fail","Merck Veterinary Manual - Disorders of the Conjunctiva in Dogs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdog-owners\u002Feye-disorders-of-dogs\u002Fdisorders-of-the-conjunctiva-in-dogs",{"claims":282,"source":283,"source_url":284,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"Arabic structured fields","ABCD (European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases) - Guideline for Chlamydia felis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.abcdcatsvets.org\u002Fguideline-for-chlamydia-felis\u002F","apply-condition-fields.cjs","2026-10-04",{"claims":282,"source":288,"source_url":289,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"Merck Veterinary Manual - Chlamydial Conjunctivitis in Cats (Feline Pneumonitis)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcat-owners\u002Feye-disorders-of-cats\u002Fchlamydial-conjunctivitis-in-cats-feline-pneumonitis",{"claims":282,"source":291,"source_url":292,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"Molecular detection of Chlamydophila felis from conjunctiva of cats infected with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory disease (PMC11799655)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11799655\u002F",[294],{"id":295,"documentId":296,"slug":297,"name":297,"heading":298},2092,"mwwwqryf0hwpovm4p5ndp5j2","chloramphenicol","كلورامفينيكول",{"title":300,"id":301,"documentId":302,"heading":303,"slug":304,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":305,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":306,"drugs":324},"Bacterial pneumonia",275,"ry078eqkbu3ah48fl0jeys8d","الالتهاب الرئوي الجرثومي","bacterial-pneumonia","يذكر دليل MSD البيطري (MSD Veterinary Manual)، في فصله عن الالتهاب الرئوي الجرثومي في الأبقار، أن الجنب قد يلتهب في الحالات الشديدة، ويتميز بتنفس غير منتظم وأنين عند الزفير. وتحدث Mycoplasma spp التهاب قصبات وقصيبات مخاطياً قيحياً خفيفاً باستعمارها ظهارة الجهاز التنفسي الهدبية في الأبقار، وقد تتطور آفات رئوية مع العدوى المستمرة. وتكون الفصوص الرئوية البطنية الأكثر إصابة في التهاب الاستنشاق، ويُتوقع نمط ظهري ذنبي مع الأجسام الغريبة المستنشقة أو الانتشار الجرثومي عبر الدم.",[307,312,317,321],{"claims":308,"source":309,"licence":310,"source_url":311,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"cattle pathophysiology, defence impairment, leukotoxin and LPS, lesion types, timing after stress, affected groups, differential lesion patterns","Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Pneumonia, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010 (PMC7185769)","Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved (PMC free access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7185769\u002F",{"claims":313,"source":314,"licence":315,"source_url":316,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"dog and cat causes, isolates, signs, radiography, diagnosis, differentials, 77-94% discharge, aspiration management","Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract (PMC7114586)","Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved (PMC free access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7114586\u002F",{"claims":318,"source":319,"licence":29,"source_url":320,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirmation: cattle agents, stressors, early signs and fever, lesions, prognosis for H. somni and Bibersteinia, early antimicrobials, preconditioning, vaccination, metaphylaxis","Merck Veterinary Manual - Bacterial Pneumonia in Cattle with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Frespiratory-system\u002Fbovine-respiratory-disease-complex\u002Fbacterial-pneumonia-in-cattle-with-bovine-respiratory-disease-complex",{"claims":32,"source":322,"licence":34,"source_url":323,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats: An Update, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7114575\u002F",[325,331,332,338,339,345,350,355,360],{"id":326,"documentId":327,"slug":328,"name":329,"heading":330},2065,"d02pmms11myfi4zivvd8zp6t","ampicillin","Ampicillin","أمبيسيلين",{"id":189,"documentId":190,"slug":191,"name":191,"heading":192},{"id":333,"documentId":334,"slug":335,"name":336,"heading":337},1912,"wjanoxggjve411i0xbpdef6k","erythromycin","Erythromycin","إريثروميسين",{"id":200,"documentId":201,"slug":202,"name":203,"heading":204},{"id":340,"documentId":341,"slug":342,"name":343,"heading":344},2183,"y0tgzdbbrz7imizicaywhnai","penicillin-g","penicillin g","بنزيل بنسلين (بنسلين جي)",{"id":346,"documentId":347,"slug":348,"name":348,"heading":349},1921,"rdytkkdoyygm1b9x0vhzx8vr","sulfadimethoxine","سلفاديميثوكسين",{"id":351,"documentId":352,"slug":353,"name":353,"heading":354},1915,"fpmxum4xpqrlgidd7ob6tsug","sulfamethazine","سلفاميثازين",{"id":356,"documentId":357,"slug":358,"name":358,"heading":359},2220,"vofh56qik76ntlhay999ri15","sulfisoxazole","سلفيسوكسازول",{"id":211,"documentId":212,"slug":213,"name":213,"heading":214},{"title":362,"id":363,"documentId":364,"heading":365,"slug":366,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":367,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":368,"drugs":392},"Canine Distemper",258,"o8nvi9iz336cfbrt74i75waf","سُهام الكلاب","canine-distemper","تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالمرض الجهازَ التنفسي (الأنف والقصبة الهوائية والرئتين)، والمعدة والأمعاء، والدماغ والسحايا، والعينين والملتحمة، والطحال والغدة الزعترية واللوزتين، والكبد، والجلد، والأعضاء التناسلية، وأسنان الجراء.",[369,374,379,383,386,389],{"claims":370,"source":371,"licence":372,"source_url":373,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathophysiology (classification, receptors, spread, leukopenia, demyelination), epidemiology (Carnivora host range, aerosol and contact transmission)","Virology Journal (2019): Tropism and molecular pathogenesis of canine distemper virus, Rendon-Marin et al. (via Europe PMC, PMC6407191)","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6407191\u002F",{"claims":375,"source":376,"licence":377,"source_url":378,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"epidemiology (ages, wildlife, shedding, group settings, not zoonotic), sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis, expected_prognosis, primary_prevention","The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine and AKC Canine Health Foundation: Canine Distemper - Information for Dog Owners (Evason and Stull, 2016)","Material may not be reproduced without prior permission of the AKC Canine Health Foundation (facts only used, own wording)","https:\u002F\u002Fvet.osu.edu\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fdocuments\u002FCanine%20Distemper%20Fact%20Sheet%2020200123.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":380,"licence":34,"source_url":381,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Canine Distemper (professional)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Finfectious-diseases\u002Fcanine-distemper\u002Fcanine-distemper","2026-09-30",{"claims":32,"source":384,"licence":34,"source_url":385,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Canine Distemper (Hardpad Disease) (owners)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdog-owners\u002Fdisorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-dogs\u002Fcanine-distemper-hardpad-disease",{"claims":32,"source":387,"licence":34,"source_url":388,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"AVMA, Canine distemper","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.avma.org\u002Fresources-tools\u002Fpet-owners\u002Fpetcare\u002Fcanine-distemper",{"claims":32,"source":390,"licence":34,"source_url":391,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"WSAVA 2024 guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats","https:\u002F\u002Fwsava.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F04\u002FWSAVA-Vaccination-guidelines-2024.pdf",[393,399],{"id":394,"documentId":395,"slug":396,"name":397,"heading":398},1934,"o734t179yrgn73e444e7xrwy","cefovecin","Cefovecin","سيفوفيسين",{"id":400,"documentId":401,"slug":402,"name":403,"heading":404},1935,"r9hv9ixtktq9cmkyz7v4pduw","diazepam","Diazepam","ديازيبام",{"title":406,"id":407,"documentId":408,"heading":409,"slug":410,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":411,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":412,"drugs":426},"Chronic Kidney Disease",316,"jjdlvbfrxh850tibm4vz4t5w","داء الكلى المزمن","chronic-kidney-disease","تتوزع آفات داء الكلى المزمن (chronic kidney disease) في الكليتين على النسيج الخلالي والنبيبات ومحفظة بومان والكبيبات، وتشمل التليف الخلالي وتنكس النبيبات وضمورها وتمعدن محفظة بومان وتصلب الكبيبات، بحسب مراجعة عن تطور المرض لدى القطط (Veterinary Sciences، 2026). يغلب صغر الكليتين وعدم انتظامهما في المرحلتين 3 و4، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري (MSD Veterinary Manual)، لكن حجمهما قد يكون طبيعيًا أو كبيرًا لدى الحيوانات المصابة بورم أو استسقاء الكلية (hydronephrosis) أو التهاب الكبيبات والكلية (glomerulonephritis). يمتد أثر المرض إلى الغدد جارات الدرقية (parathyroid glands)، إذ يحفز انخفاض الكالسيتريول ونقص كالسيوم الدم واحتباس الفوسفات مجتمعةً تنسّج هذه الغدد واستمرار إفرازها لهرمونها. تتعرض العينان والجهاز العصبي المركزي والجهاز القلبي الوعائي، فضلًا عن الكليتين، لضرر محتمل من ارتفاع ضغط الدم الجهازي الذي يعدّه دليل MSD البيطري مضاعفة شائعة للمرض لدى الكلاب والقطط، ويمتد أثر المرض إلى الدم أيضًا إذ يظهر في مراحله المتأخرة فقر دم غير متجدد لنقص الإريثروبويتين (erythropoietin).",[413,417,421],{"claims":414,"source":415,"licence":97,"source_url":416,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, prevalence, causes, pathogenesis, anaemia and hypertension rates, signs, diagnosis, IRIS staging, prognostic factors","Veterinary Sciences (2026) - Understanding the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats: From Pathophysiology to Emerging Biomarkers (PMC12945120, Europe PMC full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12945120\u002F",{"claims":418,"source":419,"licence":97,"source_url":420,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"canine definition, IRIS criteria, ultrasound findings, normal-looking kidneys possible","Veterinary Sciences (2020) - How Ultrasound Can Be Useful for Staging Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs: 855 cases (PMC7712280, Europe PMC full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7712280\u002F",{"claims":422,"source":423,"licence":424,"source_url":425,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms irreversibility, azotaemia after about 75% nephron loss, clinical signs, high prevalence in geriatric cats","MSD Veterinary Manual - Renal Dysfunction in Dogs and Cats","not stated on source page; confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Furinary-system\u002Fnoninfectious-diseases-of-the-urinary-system-in-small-animals\u002Frenal-dysfunction-in-dogs-and-cats",[427,432,438,444,450,456,461,466,472,477,483],{"id":428,"documentId":429,"slug":430,"name":430,"heading":431},2084,"blje9fnx5ihg8h16y7kk51x7","capromorelin","كابرومورلين",{"id":433,"documentId":434,"slug":435,"name":436,"heading":437},2030,"kkutlv4pph1fgww8d7ofg78h","amlodipine","Amlodipine","أملوديبين",{"id":439,"documentId":440,"slug":441,"name":442,"heading":443},2122,"pdxto9xdh5ivhqoqn0c9yflb","enalapril","Enalapril","إينالابريل",{"id":445,"documentId":446,"slug":447,"name":448,"heading":449},2039,"heynxa0va10gzel3li53rd4y","famotidine","Famotidine","فاموتيدين",{"id":451,"documentId":452,"slug":453,"name":454,"heading":455},2178,"z3qj7dn7uar9os0ns7yis06c","omeprazole","Omeprazole","أوميبرازول",{"id":457,"documentId":458,"slug":459,"name":459,"heading":460},1964,"w1ay2yaf3lvcogq7uny5eie6","benazepril","بينازيبريل",{"id":462,"documentId":463,"slug":464,"name":464,"heading":465},2222,"v8fsvevh1j96bwobu250mfqa","telmisartan","تيلميسارتان",{"id":467,"documentId":468,"slug":469,"name":470,"heading":471},2082,"pc6iiqf2lyv5sg8ndxtr7g9x","calcium-carbonate","calcium carbonate","كربونات الكالسيوم",{"id":473,"documentId":474,"slug":475,"name":475,"heading":476},2015,"nvqc2wmngstm1al3n380cc08","mirtazapine","ميرتازابين",{"id":478,"documentId":479,"slug":480,"name":481,"heading":482},2160,"lqqyj9707j5ty0m46ny6zyjz","maropitant","Maropitant","ماروبيتانت",{"id":484,"documentId":485,"slug":486,"name":486,"heading":487},1977,"pu9y18maeolfw5mbum2e1wn9","molidustat","موليدوستات",{"title":489,"id":490,"documentId":491,"heading":492,"slug":493,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":494,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":495,"drugs":514},"Congestive heart failure",315,"jwcwz5i3hi5407uh69f4n68u","قصور القلب الاحتقاني","congestive-heart-failure","يتعلق قصور القلب الاحتقاني (congestive heart failure) الناجم عن داء الصمام التاجي المخاطي (myxomatous mitral valve disease) لدى الكلاب بالصمام التاجي في الغالب وبالصمام ثلاثي الشرف (tricuspid) في 30% من الحالات على الأقل، ويشمل الأذين والبطين الأيسرين اللذين يتعرضان لفرط الحمل الحجمي وإعادة التشكل، وفق إرشادات إجماع ACVIM لعام 2019 ومراجعة Bagardi وزملائه (2022). تشمل البنى المتأثرة الأخرى لدى الكلاب الرئتين في حالات ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي، والتجويف البطني الذي يتجمع فيه الاستسقاء (ascites) الناجم عن قصور القلب الأيمن، وتشمل لدى القطط الرئتين والحيز الجنبي حين تُقدَّم بوذمة رئوية أو انصباب جنبي ناجمين عن قصور القلب. تعدّ إرشادات ACVIM لعام 2019 اعتلال الوظيفة الكلوية مرضًا مرافقًا مهمًا لدى الكلاب المصابة بقصور القلب، وتذكر مراجعة Bagardi أن تنشيط جهاز الرينين-أنجيوتنسين-ألدوستيرون (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system) قد يكون تعويضيًا في المراحل المبكرة من أمراض القلب والأوعية والكلى، لكن تنشيطه الطويل سيئ التكيف. يُعدّ الخزل (paresis) أو الشلل المرتبط بالانصمام الخثاري الشرياني (arterial thromboembolism) علامة شائعة عند تقديم القطط المصابة، بحسب بيان إجماع ACVIM لعام 2020 حول اعتلالات عضلة القلب لدى القطط.",[496,501,506,511],{"claims":497,"source":498,"licence":499,"source_url":500,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition of heart failure and backward congestion, MMVD pathophysiology, prevalence, breed and sex predisposition, staging, signs and resting respiratory rate, diagnostics, tracheobronchial differential, drug classes, surgical repair, large-breed prognosis","Keene BW et al. (2019) ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, via PubMed Central","Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6524084\u002F",{"claims":502,"source":503,"licence":504,"source_url":505,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"feline CHF signs, pleural effusion, thromboembolism, POCUS and NT-proBNP to separate respiratory disease, subclinical HCM majority, shorter survival after CHF or ATE, thromboprophylaxis","Luis Fuentes V et al. (2020) ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, via PubMed Central","Creative Commons BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7255676\u002F",{"claims":507,"source":508,"licence":509,"source_url":510,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"corroborates pathophysiology (volume overload, RAAS and sympathetic activation, sodium and water retention), signs incl. ascites, resting respiratory rate monitoring, treatment classes, sodium restriction","Bagardi M et al. (2022) Management of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: A Narrative Review, Animals (MDPI), via PubMed Central","Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8773235\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":512,"licence":34,"source_url":513,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual: Heart Failure in Dogs and Cats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fheart-failure-in-dogs-and-cats\u002Fheart-failure-in-dogs-and-cats",[515,520,526,531,537,538,539,545],{"id":516,"documentId":517,"slug":518,"name":518,"heading":519},2027,"xp8qucbj9jr785s18j0gdac4","acetazolamide","أسيتازولاميد",{"id":521,"documentId":522,"slug":523,"name":524,"heading":525},2188,"m588ydnron1rd03ydjtql133","pimobendan","Pimobendan","بيموبيندان",{"id":527,"documentId":528,"slug":529,"name":529,"heading":530},2237,"fhd0e8l740tidqcp9xhe8vkh","torsemide","تورسيميد",{"id":532,"documentId":533,"slug":534,"name":535,"heading":536},2057,"ajnavfp8omx1g1r5q2avut7b","furosemide","Furosemide","فوروسيميد",{"id":439,"documentId":440,"slug":441,"name":442,"heading":443},{"id":457,"documentId":458,"slug":459,"name":459,"heading":460},{"id":540,"documentId":541,"slug":542,"name":543,"heading":544},2080,"thxhnapb1uy8c1bfk5hziy4a","butorphanol","Butorphanol","بوتورفانول",{"id":546,"documentId":547,"slug":548,"name":549,"heading":550},2009,"hmnabm00wgfdaccbhx95xxz7","acepromazine","Acepromazine","أسيبرومازين",{"title":552,"id":553,"documentId":554,"heading":555,"slug":556,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":557,"drugs":567},"Corneal Ulcer",360,"w95aah7q45c33ljnnjv25mw3","قرحة القرنية","corneal-ulcer",[558,561,564],{"claims":32,"source":559,"licence":34,"source_url":560,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - The Cornea in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Feye-diseases-and-disorders\u002Fophthalmology\u002Fthe-cornea-in-animals",{"claims":32,"source":562,"licence":34,"source_url":563,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"O'Neill et al. 2017, Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management, Canine Genet Epidemiol (PMC5471714)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5471714\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":565,"licence":34,"source_url":566,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Frejlich and Payen 2025, Prevalence and Characteristics of Feline Ulcerative Keratitis and Corneal Sequestra in a Referral Population, Vet Ophthalmol (PMC12951262)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12951262\u002F",[568,574],{"id":569,"documentId":570,"slug":571,"name":572,"heading":573},1918,"rdw9hjrcoc9mdm6nw02c3d3z","meloxicam","Meloxicam","ميلوكسيكام",{"id":81,"documentId":82,"slug":83,"name":84,"heading":85},{"title":576,"id":577,"documentId":578,"heading":579,"slug":580,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":581,"drugs":592},"Cushing's Disease (Hyperadrenocorticism)",357,"bmrxo4cvs3n6mnel9r2ajmy6","داء كوشينغ","cushings-disease-hyperadrenocorticism",[582,585,586,589],{"claims":32,"source":583,"licence":34,"source_url":584,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Cushing Disease (Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism) in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fendocrine-system\u002Fthe-pituitary-gland\u002Fcushing-disease-pituitary-dependent-hyperadrenocorticism-in-animals",{"claims":32,"source":65,"licence":34,"source_url":66,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},{"claims":32,"source":587,"licence":34,"source_url":588,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Garcia San Jose et al. 2020, Prevalence and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism, J Vet Intern Med (PMC7517838)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7517838\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":590,"licence":34,"source_url":591,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Behrend et al. 2013, Diagnosis of spontaneous canine hyperadrenocorticism: 2012 ACVIM consensus statement (small animal), J Vet Intern Med","https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1111\u002Fjvim.12192",[],{"title":594,"id":595,"documentId":596,"heading":597,"slug":598,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":599,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":600,"drugs":610},"Cystitis",280,"qsinaxvmzakywujz5lx1hjzp","التهاب المثانة الجرثومي","cystitis","يصيب التهاب المثانة الجرثومي المثانة البولية، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري، وتوفر الظهارة البولية (urothelium) حاجزًا ماديًا وتعين على طرد البكتيريا عبر التبول الطبيعي. وينشأ المرض عادة من كائنات تصعد من العجان إلى السبيل البولي السفلي فتبلغ المثانة، وربما السبيل البولي العلوي. وفي مراجعة دورش وزملائها (2019) عن القطط، تصعد البكتيريا من الإحليل البعيد إلى الإحليل القريب المعقم عادة ثم إلى المثانة والسبيل البولي العلوي. وتشير المراجعة إلى أن التهاب الحويضة والكلية الحاد قد يرتبط بالحمى وألم الكليتين.",[601,606],{"claims":602,"source":603,"licence":604,"source_url":605,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definitions, ascending pathogenesis, host defences, E. coli virulence, isolates, prevalence and risk factors in cats, clinical signs, culture threshold, differential diagnoses, subclinical bacteriuria survival, no recommended prevention","Dorsch R, Teichmann-Knorrn S, Lund HS. Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A clinical update. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2019","CC BY-NC 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6826873\u002F",{"claims":607,"source":608,"licence":29,"source_url":609,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms definition, ascending infection, E. coli, female and age risk, clinical signs, culture threshold, differentials, sporadic vs recurrent definitions, follow-up, hooded vulva correction","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Bacterial Cystitis in Small Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Furinary-system\u002Finfectious-diseases-of-the-urinary-system-in-small-animals\u002Fbacterial-cystitis-in-small-animals",[611,616,622,623,628,634,639,644,650],{"id":612,"documentId":613,"slug":614,"name":614,"heading":615},2061,"os01su5kbg4lm7w02rgqblrl","amikacin","أميكاسين",{"id":617,"documentId":618,"slug":619,"name":620,"heading":621},1911,"g9i9kikubhghq3lnvllckule","amoxicillin","Amoxicillin","أموكسيسيلين",{"id":326,"documentId":327,"slug":328,"name":329,"heading":330},{"id":624,"documentId":625,"slug":626,"name":626,"heading":627},2032,"pv42w1el5mpbohneybfed9ib","cefadroxil","سيفادروكسيل",{"id":629,"documentId":630,"slug":631,"name":632,"heading":633},2135,"nqfxsr4fu8sgjqu61jdrk5pf","gentamicin","Gentamicin","جنتاميسين",{"id":635,"documentId":636,"slug":637,"name":637,"heading":638},1963,"b2eikasc3sutxqaj056939kv","orbifloxacin","أوربيفلوكساسين",{"id":640,"documentId":641,"slug":642,"name":642,"heading":643},2244,"rhefcalcgcbxa9sxblkynjkm","trimethoprim","تريميثوبريم",{"id":645,"documentId":646,"slug":647,"name":648,"heading":649},1959,"njv7ny15ns5cexq6qbjra85x","cephalexin","Cephalexin","سيفالكسين",{"id":194,"documentId":195,"slug":196,"name":197,"heading":198},{"title":652,"id":653,"documentId":654,"heading":655,"slug":656,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":657,"drugs":670},"Demodicosis",330,"jk95gm1b944or58vb1ja16sa","داء الديمودكس","demodicosis",[658,661,664,667],{"claims":32,"source":659,"licence":34,"source_url":660,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Mange in Dogs and Cats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fintegumentary-system\u002Fmange\u002Fmange-in-dogs-and-cats",{"claims":32,"source":662,"licence":34,"source_url":663,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"O'Neill et al. (2020) Juvenile-onset and adult-onset demodicosis in dogs in the UK: prevalence and breed associations, Journal of Small Animal Practice","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7003809\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":665,"licence":34,"source_url":666,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Perego et al. (2019) Critically appraised topic for the most effective and safe treatment for canine generalised demodicosis, BMC Veterinary Research","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6323682\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":668,"licence":34,"source_url":669,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Pathogens (2021) Feline Demodicosis Case Report - First Molecular Characterization of Demodex Mites in Romania","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8622192\u002F",[671,677,683],{"id":672,"documentId":673,"slug":674,"name":675,"heading":676},2151,"f4vc8qvmmko7g8p8td6lr8z0","ivermectin","Ivermectin","إيفرمكتين",{"id":678,"documentId":679,"slug":680,"name":681,"heading":682},1991,"g0m8bo5cly2m4u0llzhrhjpf","fluralaner","Fluralaner","فلورالانر",{"id":684,"documentId":685,"slug":686,"name":687,"heading":688},2060,"fy3gw0y4bc5b7xupiuw2lujf","afoxolaner","Afoxolaner","أفوكسولانر",{"title":690,"id":691,"documentId":692,"heading":693,"slug":694,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":695,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":696,"drugs":721},"Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)",321,"ot4bt8rh74mcu3hh5radrqph","فطار الجلد","dermatophytosis-ringworm","يصيب فطار الجلد الأنسجة المتقرنة: الجلد بطبقته القرنية (stratum corneum) وبشرته، والشعر، والأظافر.",[697,701,705,709,714,718],{"claims":698,"source":699,"licence":97,"source_url":700,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"genera, M. canis share in cats, attachment and invasion of stratum corneum, keratolytic enzymes, immune recognition, cortisol, clinical signs in dogs, cats and cattle, prevalence in Egypt farm animals, Saudi camels and Jordan cattle","Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review (Veterinary World) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7396343\u002F",{"claims":702,"source":703,"licence":97,"source_url":704,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"T. verrucosum in cattle, zoonotic spread, calf lesions and distribution, ectothrix arthroconidia, Egyptian prevalence and risk factors, cure within 14-28 days on topical treatment","Ringworm in calves: risk factors, improved molecular diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy of an Aloe vera gel extract (BMC Veterinary Research) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7640396\u002F",{"claims":706,"source":707,"licence":97,"source_url":708,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"worldwide zoonosis, veterinary staff infection surveys, host species, environmental spores sustaining herd infection for years, young animals at risk, asymptomatic cats, spontaneous resolution used in cattle, disinfection advice","A comparison of the existing recommendations for human and veterinary clinicians on the management and prevention of the zoonotic aspects of dermatophytosis (PLoS One) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12981445\u002F",{"claims":710,"source":711,"licence":712,"source_url":713,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"T. verrucosum as principal cattle agent, persistence of arthroconidia in housing, asbestos-like crusts and lesion sites, pruritus and reduced intake, zinc and skin barrier","Serum Macro- and Trace-Element Alterations and Redox Imbalance in Cattle with Naturally Occurring Dermatophytosis (Animals, MDPI) - Europe PMC full text","CC BY","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13359616\u002F",{"claims":715,"source":716,"licence":145,"source_url":717,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"fungal genera, spread by contact with infected animals, hand washing after touching pets","CDC - About Ringworm","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fringworm\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":32,"source":719,"licence":34,"source_url":720,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State University): Dermatophytosis factsheet, 2013","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fdermatophytosis.pdf",[722,728,734],{"id":723,"documentId":724,"slug":725,"name":726,"heading":727},1965,"qbx84ldo1uoc46l9sj7m129b","ketoconazole","Ketoconazole","كيتوكونازول",{"id":729,"documentId":730,"slug":731,"name":732,"heading":733},2150,"lajk1pbqxkppno24055pu4al","itraconazole","Itraconazole","إيتراكونازول",{"id":735,"documentId":736,"slug":737,"name":737,"heading":738},1960,"q9p0rfen34ydxqjuvp57cei2","miconazole","ميكونازول",{"title":740,"id":741,"documentId":742,"heading":743,"slug":744,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":745,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":746,"drugs":767},"Flea infestation",363,"xzg7actze4xw6lc9kyh513m6","الإصابة بالبراغيث","flea-infestation","تطال الإصابة بالبراغيث الجلدَ، ولا سيما المنطقة القطنية العجزية وقاعدة الذيل والجهة الخلفية الإنسية للفخذين لدى الكلاب، والدمَ الذي تمتصه البراغيث بأجزاء فمها الثاقبة الماصة وقد يفضي نقصه إلى فقر الدم بعوز الحديد، والأمعاءَ التي تستقر فيها الدودة الشريطية حين يبتلع الحيوان برغوثًا يحمل كيستها.",[747,752,757,761,764],{"claims":748,"source":749,"licence":750,"source_url":751,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"species, life cycle and durations, larval habitat, host range, flea rickettsiosis, tapeworm, plague, bite appearance, allergic itch, control methods","University of California Statewide IPM Program - Pest Notes: Fleas","(c) 1996-2026 Regents of the University of California","https:\u002F\u002Fipm.ucanr.edu\u002FPMG\u002FPESTNOTES\u002Fpn7419.html",{"claims":753,"source":754,"licence":755,"source_url":756,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"species, anaemia, FAD mechanism and signs in dogs and cats, pathogens transmitted, integrated control incl. adulticides and IGRs, year-round prevention","Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes. Parasit Vectors 2013 (PMC3631128)","CC BY 2.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3631128\u002F",{"claims":758,"source":759,"licence":97,"source_url":760,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"prevalence, seasonality, age and deprivation risk factors, zoonotic Bartonella and Rickettsia felis","Seasonality and other risk factors for flea infestations in domestic dogs and cats. Med Vet Entomol 2023 (PMC10946788)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10946788\u002F",{"claims":762,"source":763,"licence":97,"source_url":98,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"differential diagnosis: FAD lesion distribution vs atopic dermatitis, flea combing and control trial, mange, cheyletiellosis, lice, food reaction","Canine atopic dermatitis: detailed guidelines for diagnosis and allergen identification. BMC Vet Res 2015 (PMC4531508)",{"claims":32,"source":765,"licence":34,"source_url":766,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) Guidelines - Fleas","https:\u002F\u002Fcapcvet.org\u002Fguidelines\u002Ffleas\u002F",[768,769,770,775,780,785,790,795],{"id":684,"documentId":685,"slug":686,"name":687,"heading":688},{"id":678,"documentId":679,"slug":680,"name":681,"heading":682},{"id":771,"documentId":772,"slug":773,"name":773,"heading":774},2144,"i5db8ue20r6g0dpuvxt8pkpq","imidacloprid","إيميداكلوبريد",{"id":776,"documentId":777,"slug":778,"name":778,"heading":779},2052,"tuucyup4tpuevj4wt9dyomm2","lotilaner","لوتيلانر",{"id":781,"documentId":782,"slug":783,"name":783,"heading":784},2176,"rgnkd9re6e4ksgwj76jvvsh9","nitenpyram","نيتينبيرام",{"id":786,"documentId":787,"slug":788,"name":788,"heading":789},1961,"dwkdl2k0sanaxfzy1hi7jibb","sarolaner","سارولانر",{"id":791,"documentId":792,"slug":793,"name":793,"heading":794},2003,"zpnnja10hmounc1ahp5n998e","selamectin","سيلاميكتين",{"id":796,"documentId":797,"slug":798,"name":798,"heading":799},2216,"kwwddah1n7nra9gjng1kw9ss","spinosad","سبينوساد",{"title":801,"id":802,"documentId":803,"heading":804,"slug":805,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":806,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":807,"drugs":841},"Generalized demodicosis",364,"r8wy6h23fql7lsyikt12hn9k","داء الديمودكس المعمم","generalized-demodicosis","يرتبط داء الديمودكس المعمم في الكلاب بالجريبات الشعرية والغدد الدهنية التي يسكنها Demodex canis، وبجلد القدمين الذي يكثر التهابه مع المرض، وبجهاز المناعة الخلوية الذي يرتبط خلله الموروث بالشكل المبكر. يرتبط داء الديمودكس في القطط بالطبقة المتقرنة التي يعيش فيها Demodex gatoi، وبالأذن الخارجية التي قد يقتصر المرض فيها على التهاب صملاخي في بعض الحالات.",[808,812,816,820,824,827,828,831,834,837,840],{"claims":809,"source":810,"licence":811,"source_url":663,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"commensal status, transmission from dam, juvenile genetic immune dysfunction versus adult acquired compromise, prevalence, age definitions, breed associations","O'Neill DG et al. (2020) Juvenile-onset and adult-onset demodicosis in dogs in the UK: prevalence and breed associations, Journal of Small Animal Practice, via PubMed Central","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",{"claims":813,"source":814,"licence":815,"source_url":666,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"excess proliferation of commensal mites, generalized form life-threatening if untreated, clinical signs, deep skin scrapings, secondary infection, treatment classes","Perego R et al. (2019) Critically appraised topic for the most effective and safe treatment for canine generalised demodicosis, BMC Veterinary Research, via PubMed Central","not stated on source page (BMC open access article)",{"claims":817,"source":818,"licence":29,"source_url":819,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"D. canis versus D. cornei location and detection method, signs incl. cellulitis, cytology-confirmed pyoderma","Sivajothi S, Sudhakara Reddy B, Rayulu VC (2015) Demodicosis caused by Demodex canis and Demodex cornei in dogs, Journal of Parasitic Diseases, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4675583\u002F",{"claims":821,"source":822,"licence":29,"source_url":823,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"isoxazoline efficacy, D. injai, endocrine disease association","Defalque VE (2022) Isoxazolines for treating canine demodicosis, sarcoptic mange (scabies), and lice infestation, Canadian Veterinary Journal, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9558591\u002F",{"claims":825,"source":659,"licence":826,"source_url":660,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms transmission while nursing, non-contagious in dogs, hereditary predisposition, generalized signs and pododermatitis, adult-onset associations, diagnosis, treatment classes and negative-scraping endpoint, no corticosteroids, no breeding; feline species, signs, associations, dermatophyte culture","not stated on source page (confirmation only)",{"claims":282,"source":28,"source_url":30,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},{"claims":32,"source":829,"licence":34,"source_url":830,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Aci R et al. (2026) Investigation of serum acute-phase protein levels and hematological and biochemical parameters in dogs with generalized demodicosis, BMC Veterinary Research","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12983653\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":832,"licence":34,"source_url":833,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Becskei C et al. (2025) Efficacy of a chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel for the treatment of generalised demodicosis in dogs, Veterinary Dermatology","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11696475\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":835,"licence":34,"source_url":836,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Petersen I et al. (2020) A European field assessment of the efficacy of fluralaner chewable and spot-on formulations against canine generalized demodicosis, Parasites & Vectors","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7291464\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":838,"licence":34,"source_url":839,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Dermatological Problems of Brachycephalic Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023 (PMC10294810)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10294810\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":96,"licence":34,"source_url":98,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},[842],{"id":843,"documentId":844,"slug":845,"name":845,"heading":846},2062,"bo5fbgdry9sdy8zss47kh8zj","amitraz","أميتراز",{"title":848,"id":849,"documentId":850,"heading":851,"slug":852,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":853,"drugs":863},"Glaucoma",359,"st5ne35j3i1uykvq3pgh1qxj","الزَّرَق","glaucoma",[854,857,860],{"claims":32,"source":855,"licence":34,"source_url":856,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Glaucoma in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Feye-diseases-and-disorders\u002Fophthalmology\u002Fglaucoma-in-animals",{"claims":32,"source":858,"licence":34,"source_url":859,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Acute Glaucoma in Small Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Femergency-medicine-and-critical-care\u002Fophthalmic-emergencies-in-small-animals\u002Facute-glaucoma-in-small-animals",{"claims":32,"source":861,"licence":34,"source_url":862,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Sebbag and Pe'er 2023, Role of Inflammation in Canine Primary Glaucoma, Animals (PMC10777923)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10777923\u002F",[864],{"id":865,"documentId":866,"slug":867,"name":868,"heading":869},2153,"nzsskm76yffussb56xuuf9m9","latanoprost","Latanoprost","لاتانوبروست",{"title":871,"id":872,"documentId":873,"heading":874,"slug":875,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":876,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":877,"drugs":901},"Heartworm Disease",329,"qcou4qqwyb4oj4anf83tfj1o","داء الدودة القلبية","heartworm-disease","تعيش الديدان القلبية البالغة في القلب والرئتين والأوعية الدموية المرتبطة بهما، وتستقر لدى الكلاب أساسًا في الشرايين الفصية والشريان الرئوي الرئيسي، وقد توجد في البطين الأيمن عند ارتفاع الحمل الديداني، فيما يضر المرض غير المعالج بقلب الكلب ورئتيه وكبده وكليتيه.",[878,882,887,891,895,898],{"claims":879,"source":880,"licence":29,"source_url":881,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent, hosts, mosquito development time, maturation, worm size, caval syndrome, signs in dogs and cats, tests, no approved cat treatment, prevention, not transmissible from pets","US FDA - Keep the Worms Out of Your Pet's Heart! The Facts about Heartworm Disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fanimal-veterinary\u002Fanimal-health-literacy\u002Fkeep-worms-out-your-pets-heart-facts-about-heartworm-disease",{"claims":883,"source":884,"licence":885,"source_url":886,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathology, Wolbachia, cats, antigen test timing, treatment approach, macrocyclic lactone prevention, resistance, human nodules, feline asthma differential, other filariae","International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance (2021) - Heartworm disease: overview, intervention, and industry perspective (PMC8163879, Europe PMC full text)","CC BY-NC-ND 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8163879\u002F",{"claims":888,"source":889,"licence":97,"source_url":890,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular change in dogs vs cats, HARD","Parasites and Vectors (2017) - Effect of heartworm disease and HARD on the right ventricle of cats (PMC5688429, Europe PMC full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5688429\u002F",{"claims":892,"source":893,"licence":97,"source_url":894,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"regional prevalence, countries, vectors, zoonotic status, D. repens distinction","Parasitology (2025) - A meta-analysis on Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in countries of North Africa and the Middle East (PMC12186096, Europe PMC full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12186096\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":896,"licence":34,"source_url":897,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Heartworm Disease in Dogs, Cats, and Ferrets","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fheartworm-disease\u002Fheartworm-disease-in-dogs-cats-and-ferrets",{"claims":32,"source":899,"licence":34,"source_url":900,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Parasites and Vectors (2024) - Heartworm disease in domestic dogs in Estonia (PMC10935778)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10935778\u002F",[902,907,913,914,915],{"id":903,"documentId":904,"slug":905,"name":905,"heading":906},1968,"tqh96aplfn3qrhr4l2y4enrp","diethylcarbamazine","ديثيل كاربامازين",{"id":908,"documentId":909,"slug":910,"name":911,"heading":912},2172,"vt5y5l73bvbptwr7sdb4a8oz","moxidectin","Moxidectin","موكسيديكتين",{"id":791,"documentId":792,"slug":793,"name":793,"heading":794},{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":219,"heading":220},{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":78,"heading":79},{"title":917,"id":918,"documentId":919,"heading":920,"slug":921,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":922,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":923,"drugs":965},"Hemophilia A",318,"j53rvl3a27hkh3nr08rnu9lt","الهيموفيليا أ","hemophilia-a","يرتبط المرض بالمسار الداخلي للتخثر (intrinsic pathway)، إذ يعمل العامل الثامن المنشط عاملًا مساعدًا فيه، ويظهر أثره في النسج تحت الجلد والمفاصل وتجاويف الجسم، وفي الأوعية السرية واللثة لدى الجراء.",[924,929,934,939,943,948,952,956,959,962],{"claims":925,"source":926,"licence":927,"source_url":928,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"factor VIII cofactor role and defective thrombin formation, X-linked inheritance, most common inherited bleeding disorders in dogs, Chapel Hill Irish Setter colony since 1947, severity below 1% and inverse relation to factor VIII level, replacement with plasma-derived and recombinant products","ILAR Journal (2009) - Protein Replacement Therapy and Gene Transfer in Canine Models of Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, von Willebrand Disease, and Factor VII Deficiency (PMC3101868, author manuscript)","not stated on source page (author manuscript in PMC)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3101868\u002F",{"claims":930,"source":931,"licence":932,"source_url":933,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"intron 22 inversion and nonsense mutation, joint and soft-tissue bleeding unresponsive to vitamin K, prolonged aPTT with normal PT and normal von Willebrand factor, carrier daughters, PCR genotyping of offspring, cost of treatment","Comparative Medicine (2016) - Severe Hemophilia A in a Male Old English Sheep Dog with a C to T Transition that Created a Premature Stop Codon in Factor VIII (PMC5073066)","(c) American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; no open licence stated","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5073066\u002F",{"claims":935,"source":936,"licence":937,"source_url":938,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"clinical indistinguishability from haemophilia B, bleeding episodes in two owned dogs (haematomas, haemarthrosis, suspected haemothorax, oral bleeding, epistaxis, melaena, post-surgical bleeding, anaemia), littermates euthanised at 7 weeks, no family history, cryoprecipitate and plasma support, normal FIX and raised vWF","PLoS One (2016) - Successful Phenotype Improvement following Gene Therapy for Severe Hemophilia A in Privately Owned Dogs (PMC4807047)","Creative Commons Attribution License","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4807047\u002F",{"claims":940,"source":941,"licence":927,"source_url":942,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"untreated bleeding severe, debilitating and can be fatal; 4-6 spontaneous bleeds per year; prophylaxis and gene transfer reduce bleeding frequency without complete correction","Haemophilia (2010) - Prevention of spontaneous bleeding in dogs with haemophilia A and haemophilia B (PMC3101869, author manuscript)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3101869\u002F",{"claims":944,"source":945,"licence":946,"source_url":947,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"inherited disorders most common in dogs, rare in horses and cattle, cats show signs mainly after surgery; vWD and haemophilia A most common inherited; acquired disorders (IMTP, rodenticide, liver disease, DIC) most common in practice and in older animals","eClinpath (Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine) - Hemostasis: Disorders","(c) eClinpath; no open licence stated","https:\u002F\u002Feclinpath.com\u002Fhemostasis\u002Fdisorders\u002F",{"claims":949,"source":950,"licence":946,"source_url":951,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"secondary haemostatic defects cause ecchymoses, haematomas and bleeding into body cavities and joints; primary defects cause mucosal bleeding and petechiae","eClinpath (Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine) - Hemostasis: Clinical signs","https:\u002F\u002Feclinpath.com\u002Fhemostasis\u002Fclinical-signs\u002F",{"claims":953,"source":954,"licence":29,"source_url":955,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"species: factor VIII deficiency reported in a cat (title), with cited reports of haemophilia A in cats","Canadian Veterinary Journal (1987) - Factor VIII Deficiency in a Cat (PMC1680506; bibliographic record and reference list only, full text is a scanned PDF)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC1680506\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":957,"source_url":958,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"eClinpath (Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine) - Hemostasis: Inherited coagulation disorders","https:\u002F\u002Feclinpath.com\u002Fhemostasis\u002Fdisorders\u002Finherited-coagulation\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":960,"source_url":961,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Coagulation Protein Disorders in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fhemostatic-disorders\u002Fcoagulation-protein-disorders-in-animals",{"claims":282,"source":963,"source_url":964,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"A SINE Insertion in F8 Gene Leads to Severe Form of Hemophilia A in a Family of Rhodesian Ridgebacks (PMC7909816)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7909816\u002F",[],{"title":967,"id":968,"documentId":969,"heading":970,"slug":971,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":972,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":973,"drugs":989},"Hypothyroidism",314,"rte9tiked63foyw8ctqfd8x2","قصور الغدة الدرقية","hypothyroidism","يؤثر نقص هرمون الدرقية في قصور الغدة الدرقية (hypothyroidism) في وظائف أجهزة الجسم كلها، ويقع منشأ أكثر من 95% من الحالات السريرية لدى الكلاب على ما يبدو في تلف الغدة الدرقية نفسها، بينما ينجم القصور الثانوي غير الشائع عادة عن تلف الخلايا الموجِّهة للدرقية في الغدة النخامية بفعل ورم متمدد، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري (MSD Veterinary Manual). تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المتأثرة لدى الكلاب المصابة الجلد والفراء، والمريء الذي قد يتضخم، والحنجرة والعصب الوجهي والجهاز الدهليزي في الاضطرابات العصبية، والجهاز التناسلي بما فيه الخصيتان، إضافة إلى الدم الذي يظهر فيه فقر دم غير متجدد في 40%–50% من الحالات. وثّقت دراسة عن قصور الدرقية السريري في سلالات مختلفة من الكلاب (BMC Vet Res، 2025) توسّع الجزء الصدري من المريء لدى كلاب شُخّص لديها قصور الدرقية المصاحب لتضخم المريء، كما وصفت كلابًا مصابة بمشكلات قلبية.",[974,978,982,986],{"claims":975,"source":976,"licence":885,"source_url":977,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"primary 95% split between thyroiditis and atrophy, vague signs, test performance and confounders, euthyroid sick syndrome, overdiagnosis 38-56%, ~1% prevalence, testing only with compatible signs, scintigraphy and retesting","Assessment of the likelihood of hypothyroidism in dogs diagnosed with and treated for hypothyroidism at primary care practices, J Vet Intern Med 2024 (PMC10937491)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10937491\u002F",{"claims":979,"source":980,"licence":97,"source_url":981,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"Egyptian incidence 14%, breeds, ages, sign frequencies incl. alopecia 93%, complications (myxoedema, pyoderma, megaoesophagus, cardiac), autoantibodies, recovery after 6-8 months","Incidence, complications and therapeutic evaluation of clinical hypothyroidism in different breeds of dogs, BMC Vet Res 2025 (PMC12063298)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12063298\u002F",{"claims":983,"source":984,"licence":29,"source_url":985,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirmation: causes incl. secondary, congenital and iatrogenic feline forms, species rarity, breed and age predisposition, signs, myxoedema coma, lab findings, drug effects, lifelong levothyroxine, treatment failure uncommon","Merck Veterinary Manual - Hypothyroidism in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fendocrine-system\u002Fthe-thyroid-gland\u002Fhypothyroidism-in-animals",{"claims":32,"source":987,"licence":34,"source_url":988,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual: Hypothyroidism in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fendocrine-system\u002Fthe-thyroid-gland\u002Fhypothyroidism",[990,995],{"id":991,"documentId":992,"slug":993,"name":993,"heading":994},1994,"jxi2s5jex4ue7wukj7m52bob","liothyronine","ليوثيرونين",{"id":996,"documentId":997,"slug":998,"name":999,"heading":1000},1954,"pf1mpazl02wc92v0xhehwg4y","levothyroxine","Levothyroxine","ليفوثيروكسين",{"title":1002,"id":1003,"documentId":1004,"heading":1005,"slug":1006,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1007,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1008,"drugs":1026},"Infection with African horse sickness virus",297,"k7lv2nnhfamzx0dxwn1j1ceo","مرض الخيل الأفريقي","infection-with-african-horse-sickness-virus","تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بمرض الخيل الأفريقي الخلايا البطانية في الرئتين والطحال وسائر الأنسجة اللمفية، وهي المواضع الرئيسية لتكاثر الفيروس الثانوي، والطحال والرئة والعقد اللمفية التي يُكشف فيها الفيروس خاصةً عند الفحص بعد النفوق. تظهر في مرض الخيل الأفريقي آفات في الرئتين (وذمة بين الفصيصات) والتجويف الصدري (استسقاء الصدر)، وفي التامور والنخاب والشغاف، وفي اللفافة تحت الجلد وبين العضلات في الرأس والعنق والكتفين.",[1009,1013,1018,1023],{"claims":1010,"source":1011,"licence":140,"source_url":1012,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"epidemiology (hosts, vectors, seasonality, Middle East and North Africa outbreaks, not zoonotic), sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis, expected_prognosis, primary_prevention, associated_anatomy","WOAH Technical Disease Card: African horse sickness (updated December 2020)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Fafrican-horse-sickness.pdf",{"claims":1014,"source":1015,"licence":1016,"source_url":1017,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms clinical forms, case fatality by form and species, Middle East outbreak, vaccines and vector control, serotype matching","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University: African Horse Sickness factsheet","(c) 2003-2024 CFSPH; no reuse grant, used for confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fafrican_horse_sickness.pdf",{"claims":1019,"source":1020,"licence":1021,"source_url":1022,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathophysiology (lymph node replication, viraemia, endothelial injury, permeability), expected_prognosis (form-specific mortality), epidemiology (zebra, dogs), primary_prevention (vaccine drawbacks)","Viruses (2019): African Horse Sickness: A Review of Current Understanding and Vaccine Development, Dennis et al. (via Europe PMC, PMC6783979)","Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6783979\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1024,"licence":34,"source_url":1025,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2019, Chapter 3.6.1 African horse sickness (infection with African horse sickness virus)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.06.01_AHS.pdf",[],{"title":1028,"id":1029,"documentId":1030,"heading":1031,"slug":1032,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1033,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1034,"drugs":1076},"Infection with Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis",253,"tfnembygo8w2a68krscs1cgz","داء البروسيلات","infection-with-brucella-abortus-brucella-melitensis-and","الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالعدوى: المشيمة والأجنة والرحم، والغدة اللبنية (الضرع) وعقدها اللمفية ولا سيما العقد اللمفية فوق الضرع، ومعظم العقد اللمفية الرئيسية ومنها عقد الرأس، والطحال، والخصيتان والبربخان والحويصلات المنوية والأمبولتان والبروستاتة والغدد البصلية الإحليلية، والمفاصل وأغماد الأوتار، وأورام الجراب المائي (hygromas) في مفاصل القوائم.",[1035,1039,1043,1047,1051,1055,1058,1061,1064,1067,1070,1073],{"claims":1036,"source":1037,"licence":140,"source_url":1038,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"species, epidemiology (MENA incidence, environmental survival, notifiable, zoonosis), signs (fistulous withers), prevention","WOAH - Brucellosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbrucellosis\u002F",{"claims":1040,"source":1041,"licence":140,"source_url":1042,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathophysiology, host range incl. camels, B. melitensis in cattle, signs by species, differential diagnosis, vaccines S19\u002FRB51\u002FRev.1, pig outcome, anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.4 Brucellosis (infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.04_BRUCELLOSIS.pdf",{"claims":1044,"source":1045,"licence":29,"source_url":1046,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"animal hosts and human transmission routes (epidemiology)","CDC - About Brucellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fbrucellosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":1048,"source":1049,"licence":29,"source_url":1050,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms transmission, signs in cattle, no practical treatment, S19\u002FRB51 vaccination and reactor removal","MSD Veterinary Manual - Brucellosis in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-cattle",{"claims":32,"source":1052,"licence":34,"source_url":1053,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis.pdf","2026-09-29",{"claims":32,"source":1056,"licence":34,"source_url":1057,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella abortus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_abortus.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1059,"licence":34,"source_url":1060,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella melitensis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_melitensis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1062,"licence":34,"source_url":1063,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Brucellosis in Pigs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-pigs",{"claims":32,"source":1065,"licence":34,"source_url":1066,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella suis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_suis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1068,"licence":34,"source_url":1069,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Brucellosis in Horses","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-horses",{"claims":32,"source":1071,"licence":34,"source_url":1072,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH, Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 8.4 Infection with Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_bovine_brucellosis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1074,"licence":34,"source_url":1075,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"US National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Brucellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nps.gov\u002Fyell\u002Flearn\u002Fnature\u002Fbrucellosis.htm",[],{"title":1078,"id":1079,"documentId":1080,"heading":1081,"slug":1082,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1083,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1084,"drugs":1099},"Infection with Burkholderia mallei (Glanders)",340,"heg4zc04s5o5zih0wj96kzyx","الرعام","infection-with-burkholderia-mallei-glanders","تشمل مواضع آفات الرعام الممرات الأنفية والحنجرة وسائر المسالك التنفسية العلوية، والرئتين مع عقيدات تُرى غالبًا تحت غشاء الجنب، والعقد اللمفية الناحية كالعقد تحت الفك، والنسيج تحت الجلد على امتداد الأوعية اللمفية في الساقين والجانبين الضلعيين وأسفل البطن، والكبد والطحال والكليتين، وأحيانًا العظام والعضلات والخصيتين. رُبط التهاب الخصية (orchitis) بالرعام، وقد تتصلّب العقد اللمفية الناحية المتضخمة وتتمزق وتتقيح.",[1085,1089,1093,1096],{"claims":1086,"source":1087,"licence":140,"source_url":1088,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent, hosts and susceptibility, transmission, occurrence incl. Bahrain 2010, clinical forms, lesions, differential list, control, 95% untreated case fatality","WOAH (OIE) Technical Disease Card - Glanders (Jan 2020)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Fglanders.pdf",{"claims":1090,"source":1091,"licence":29,"source_url":1092,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirmation: intracellular replication, Middle East endemicity, natural cases in camels and felids, transmission, melioidosis and serology confusion, culture diagnosis, euthanasia policy, no vaccine, prevention measures","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Glanders factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fglanders.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1094,"licence":34,"source_url":1095,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WOAH disease page: Glanders","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fglanders\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1097,"licence":34,"source_url":1098,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.6.11 Glanders and melioidosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.06.11_GLANDERS.pdf",[],{"title":1101,"id":1102,"documentId":1103,"heading":1104,"slug":1105,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1106,"is_zoonotic":135,"citations":1107,"drugs":1128},"Infection with Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)",279,"se6h2cw80imcgdjlaav49ux4","حمى كيو","infection-with-coxiella-burnetii-q-fever","تؤخذ لتحري العدوى عينات من المشيمة والمهبل والحليب واللبأ وأنسجة الأجنة المجهَضة، ومنها الطحال والكبد والرئة ومحتوى المعدة. وقد ترتبط Coxiella burnetii أيضًا بالتهاب الرحم في الأبقار. وفي البشر قد تمتد الأشكال الحادة إلى الرئة والكبد، وتشمل مظاهر الشكل المزمن الشغاف والصمامات والأوعية والكبد والرئة، وقد تسبب العدوى في الحامل التهاب المشيمة.",[1108,1112,1117,1122,1125],{"claims":1109,"source":1110,"licence":140,"source_url":1111,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent biology, phase I\u002FII, spore-like forms, host range and reservoirs, worldwide distribution except New Zealand, airborne transmission, ticks, reproductive signs, recovery and lifelong persistence, shedding at parturition, differential diagnosis by PCR and ELISA, stain non-specificity, phase I vaccine and control measures, human disease course","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.1.17 Q fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.17_Q_FEVER.pdf",{"claims":1113,"source":1114,"licence":1115,"source_url":1116,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"goats, sheep and cattle as carriers, bacteria in birth products, urine, faeces and milk, animals appear healthy, inhalation of contaminated dust, human flu-like signs, at-risk occupations, avoid raw milk and birthing contact","CDC - About Q fever","not stated on source page (US government work)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fq-fever\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":1118,"source":1119,"licence":1120,"source_url":1121,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"camel seroprevalence in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Algeria and Chad higher than other ruminants, Hyalomma dromedarii, abortion history association, human risk groups incl. raw milk drinkers","Open-access review (2020) - Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East? (PMC7674558)","CC BY (Creative Commons Attribution License)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7674558\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1123,"licence":34,"source_url":1124,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WOAH - Q fever disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fq-fever\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1126,"licence":34,"source_url":1127,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Q Fever factsheet, November 2017","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fq_fever.pdf",[],{"title":1130,"id":1131,"documentId":1132,"heading":1133,"slug":1134,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1135,"is_zoonotic":135,"citations":1136,"drugs":1179},"Infection with Echinococcus granulosus",323,"j6611t2w0hbve2qbz7zjij46","العدوى بالمشوكة الحبيبية","infection-with-echinococcus-granulosus","تتركز كيسات داء المشوكات الكيسي (Cystic echinococcosis) عادةً في الكبد ثم الرئتين، وتقل في أعضاء وأنسجة أخرى منها العظام. يذكر دليل منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (FAO) لتفتيش اللحوم أن الكيسات المائية توجد في الكبد والقلب والرئتين والطحال والكلى والعضلات والدماغ وفي أي نسيج بما فيه العظم. تعيش الديدان البالغة في الأمعاء الدقيقة للعائل النهائي، بحسب المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). قد توجد كيسات متعددة أيضًا في الدماغ أو الكلى أو العظام أو الخصيتين مسببة مرضًا أشد، بحسب المنظمة نفسها.",[1137,1141,1145,1149,1153,1157,1161,1165,1170,1173,1176],{"claims":1138,"source":1139,"licence":140,"source_url":1140,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent, hosts, dog-sheep life cycle, production losses and organ condemnation, prevention measures incl. vaccination","WOAH - Echinococcosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fechinococcosis\u002F",{"claims":1142,"source":1143,"licence":145,"source_url":1144,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definitive and intermediate hosts, liver and lung involvement","CDC - About Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fechinococcosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":1146,"source":1147,"licence":145,"source_url":1148,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"slow cyst growth, rupture and allergic reaction, imaging, cyst differentials (abscess, tuberculosis, neoplasm)","CDC - Clinical Overview of Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fechinococcosis\u002Fhcp\u002Fclinical-overview\u002Findex.html",{"claims":1150,"source":1151,"licence":29,"source_url":1152,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms life cycle, cyst structure, clinical signs in intermediate hosts, necropsy lesions, dog deworming, EG95 vaccine, prognosis","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Echinococcosis factsheet (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fechinococcosis.pdf",{"claims":1154,"source":1155,"licence":937,"source_url":1156,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"region as hotspot, intermediate host species, risk factors","Cystic echinococcosis in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Neglected and prevailing! (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7205190\u002F",{"claims":1158,"source":1159,"licence":712,"source_url":1160,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"North African prevalence in camels and sheep, G1 and G6 genotypes, home slaughter and stray dog risk factors, meat inspection","Present Situation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Africa: A Narrative Review (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13307783\u002F",{"claims":1162,"source":1163,"licence":29,"source_url":1164,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"cyst sites at inspection and differential list (retention cysts, liver cysts, granulomas, Cysticercus tenuicollis, tuberculosis)","FAO - Manual on meat inspection for developing countries","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002F4\u002Ft0756e\u002Ft0756e04.htm",{"claims":1166,"source":1167,"licence":1168,"source_url":1169,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"features separating Cysticercus tenuicollis from hydatid cysts","Prevalence and morphological characterisation of Cysticercus tenuicollis in sheep and goat from north India (PubMed Central)","(c) Indian Society for Parasitology 2013; PMC copyright notice","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4328026\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":1171,"source_url":1172,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"Infestation of small ruminants by the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena in slaughterhouse, North East Tunisia (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7196678\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1174,"licence":34,"source_url":1175,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual Chapter 3.1.6 - Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.06_ECHINOCOCCOSIS.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1177,"licence":34,"source_url":1178,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WHO - Echinococcosis fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fechinococcosis",[1180,1186,1192],{"id":1181,"documentId":1182,"slug":1183,"name":1184,"heading":1185},2195,"fv4igxlimw43jthm9jhonu63","praziquantel","Praziquantel","برازيكوانتيل",{"id":1187,"documentId":1188,"slug":1189,"name":1190,"heading":1191},1936,"u5xcptmcrtajlray2rh0djj0","albendazole","Albendazole","ألبيندازول",{"id":1193,"documentId":1194,"slug":1195,"name":1195,"heading":1196},1937,"ev6xskg5leo6dt2h2h8ipgsr","mebendazole","ميبيندازول",{"title":1198,"id":1199,"documentId":1200,"heading":1201,"slug":1202,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1203,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1204,"drugs":1241},"Infection with equine influenza virus",252,"peseu4o6lioyvb49vtq88n3m","إنفلونزا الخيول","infection-with-equine-influenza-virus","الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالعدوى: الخلايا الظهارية المهدبة في المسالك التنفسية العليا والسفلى ولا سيما ظهارة الرغامى والقصبات، والرئتان والجنبة عند المضاعفات الجرثومية، والأغشية المخاطية للأنف والملتحمة، والعقد اللمفية، والأطراف (الوذمة)، والعضلات، والأوعية الدموية، والقلب، والدماغ في حالات نادرة.",[1205,1209,1213,1217,1220,1223,1226,1229,1232,1235,1238],{"claims":1206,"source":1207,"licence":140,"source_url":1208,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent and subtypes, host range incl. dogs and pigs, Egypt H5N1 donkeys, transmission, incubation under 24 h, clinical signs, rare complications, EHV as differential, vaccination not sterile, diagnosis","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.6.7 Equine influenza (infection with equine influenza virus) (2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.06.07_EQ_INF.pdf",{"claims":1210,"source":1211,"licence":712,"source_url":1212,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"receptor binding and epithelial damage, aerosol range, incubation 1-3 days, age risk, infection rate, Morocco and Turkey, clinical signs, complications, differential list, morbidity\u002Fmortality, recovery time","Singh RK et al. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6135912\u002F",{"claims":1214,"source":1215,"licence":29,"source_url":1216,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms epithelial regeneration time, incubation, cough more prominent than with EHV, complications, prognosis incl. donkeys and zebras, isolation periods","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Equine Influenza","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Frespiratory-system\u002Frespiratory-diseases-of-horses\u002Fequine-influenza",{"claims":32,"source":1218,"licence":34,"source_url":1219,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"How to Meet the Last OIE Expert Surveillance Panel Recommendations on Equine Influenza Vaccine Composition: recombinant canarypox-based EI vaccine (PMC5198164)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5198164\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1221,"licence":34,"source_url":1222,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"Response of Sport Horses to Different Formulations of Equine Influenza Vaccine, Vaccines 2020;8(3):372 (PMC7563521)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7563521\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1224,"licence":34,"source_url":1225,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH Expert Surveillance Panel on Equine Influenza Vaccine Composition, Conclusions and Recommendations (meetings of 8 July 2021 and 7 July 2022)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F10\u002Fexpert-surveillance-panel-on-equine-influenza-vaccine-composition.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1227,"licence":34,"source_url":1228,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"FEI, Vaccinations (equine influenza vaccination requirements)","https:\u002F\u002Finside.fei.org\u002Ffei\u002Fyour-role\u002Fveterinarians\u002Fbiosecurity-movements\u002Fvaccinations",{"claims":32,"source":1230,"licence":34,"source_url":1231,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"FEI, Equine Influenza vaccination, rule change notice dated 13 January 2005","https:\u002F\u002Finside.fei.org\u002Fmedia-updates\u002Fequine-influenza-vaccination",{"claims":32,"source":1233,"licence":34,"source_url":1234,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"Racehorse Owners Association, BHA Rule change - amendments to the Vaccinations Code, 8 Oct 2021","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.roa.co.uk\u002Fresources\u002Fbha-rule-changes-amendments-to-the-vaccinations-code.html",{"claims":32,"source":1236,"licence":34,"source_url":1237,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"British Horseracing Authority, Equine influenza updates and reminders, 18 Nov 2022","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishhorseracing.com\u002Fequine-influenza-updates-and-reminders-november-2022\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1239,"licence":34,"source_url":1240,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH, Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 12.6 Infection with equine influenza virus (2023 adoption, print of 17\u002F06\u002F2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002F2023\u002Fchapitre_eiv.pdf",[],{"title":1243,"id":1244,"documentId":1245,"heading":1246,"slug":1247,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1248,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1249,"drugs":1268},"Infection with Leishmania spp. (Leishmaniosis)",346,"psk0r3k7mlonhltpzhtya989","داء الليشمانيات","infection-with-leishmania-spp-leishmaniosis","داء الليشمانيات الكلبي مرض جهازي قد يطال أي عضو أو نسيج أو سائل في الجسم، تتكاثر طفيلياته داخل بلاعم الجهاز الشبكي البطاني، وأكثر الأنسجة احتمالًا لاحتوائها في غياب آفات قابلة لأخذ العينات هي بترتيب تنازلي الطحال ونقي العظم والعقد اللمفية والدم. تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة الأخرى المتأثرة لدى الكلاب الجلد والأظافر والعينين، والأوعية الدموية والمفاصل والعنبية وكبيبات الكلى عبر آفات المعقدات المناعية، والكليتين اللتين قد يكون مرضهما المظهر الوحيد للإصابة.",[1250,1254,1258,1262,1265],{"claims":1251,"source":1252,"licence":140,"source_url":1253,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent, macrophage multiplication, sand fly vectors and seasonality, host range, dogs as reservoir, asymptomatic dogs >50%, clinical signs in dogs, differential diagnosis, L. tropica in Middle East, diagnostic methods, vaccines authorised in Brazil and Europe","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.1.11 Leishmaniosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.11_LEISHMANIOSIS.pdf",{"claims":1255,"source":1256,"licence":140,"source_url":1257,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"WOAH listed disease status","WOAH - Leishmaniosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fleishmaniosis\u002F",{"claims":1259,"source":1260,"licence":755,"source_url":1261,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"immune complexes and glomerulonephritis, endemic in >70 countries, non-vector transmission, clinical and clinicopathological signs, staging and prognosis, no parasitological cure, renal failure as main cause of death, prevention with repellents, collars, confinement and vaccines","Solano-Gallego L, et al. LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis. Parasites & Vectors 2011","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3125381\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":1263,"source_url":1264,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis (PMC12590123)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12590123\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1266,"licence":34,"source_url":1267,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) factsheet (2022)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fleishmaniasis.pdf",[],{"title":1270,"id":1271,"documentId":1272,"heading":1273,"slug":1274,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1275,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1276,"drugs":1308},"Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex",256,"glot11f0f24lex1dmv2lf315","السل","infection-with-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex","ترتبط بالسل في الثدييات الأعضاء والأنسجة التالية: الرئتان، والعقد اللمفية خلف البلعومية والقصبية والمنصفية والقحفية الصدرية والمساريقية، وأعضاء البطن، ومع السل الدخني المعمم الكبد والكلية والطحال والغدد الثديية والقناة الهضمية والجهاز العصبي المركزي، إضافة إلى الأوعية الدموية واللمفية في الجهازين التنفسي والهضمي التي قد تسدها العقد العميقة المتضخمة.",[1277,1281,1285,1289,1293,1296,1299,1302,1305],{"claims":1278,"source":1279,"licence":140,"source_url":1280,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agents, host range, wildlife reservoirs, MENA endemicity, transmission incl. milk, zoonosis, notifiable status, test-and-slaughter, BCG limits","WOAH - Bovine (mammalian) tuberculosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbovine-tuberculosis\u002F",{"claims":1282,"source":1283,"licence":140,"source_url":1284,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathophysiology, lesion distribution, clinical signs by species, prognosis (miliary disease fatal), diagnosis, BCG interference, anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.13 Mammalian tuberculosis (infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.13_Mammalian_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":1286,"source":1287,"licence":29,"source_url":1288,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"differential diagnosis list (CBPP, actinobacillosis, lung abscess, bovine farcy, bronchopneumonia, hydatid cysts, actinomycosis)","Directorate of Veterinary Services circular V15 of 2021 - Bovine tuberculosis (M. bovis) surveillance protocol (hosted on woah.org)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F02\u002Fcircular-v15-of-2021-sop-attachments-rina-final.pdf",{"claims":1290,"source":1291,"licence":29,"source_url":1292,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms differential diagnosis (CBPP, caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants), lesion sites, asymptomatic course, lack of effective cattle vaccine","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Bovine Tuberculosis factsheet (2007) (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFastFacts\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1294,"licence":34,"source_url":1295,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, chapter 8.11 Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (2022 PDF)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_bovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1297,"licence":34,"source_url":1298,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"CFSPH Iowa State University, Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Mammals, including Bovine and Caprine Tuberculosis (2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1300,"licence":34,"source_url":1301,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Overview of Tuberculosis in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Ftuberculosis-and-other-mycobacterial-infections\u002Foverview-of-tuberculosis-and-other-mycobacterial-infections",{"claims":32,"source":1303,"licence":34,"source_url":1304,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"WOAH, Mammalian tuberculosis (mTB) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fmammalian-tuberculosis-mtb\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1306,"licence":34,"source_url":1307,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":382},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Tuberculosis in Sheep and Goats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Ftuberculosis-in-various-animals\u002F",[1309],{"id":1310,"documentId":1311,"slug":1312,"name":1312,"heading":1313},1972,"cv1s0yjfmuak8rxsx1xvv8yw","pradofloxacin","برادوفلوكساسين",{"title":1315,"id":1316,"documentId":1317,"heading":1318,"slug":1319,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1320,"is_zoonotic":135,"citations":1321,"drugs":1380},"Infection with rabies virus",251,"slkpp613x2bgn8sjhqf9gkfq","داء الكلب","infection-with-rabies-virus","ترتبط بداء الكلب الأعضاء والأنسجة التالية: الجهاز العصبي المركزي، ولا سيما جذع الدماغ والمخيخ والحبل الشوكي والمهاد (thalamus) والجسر (pons) والنخاع المستطيل (medulla)، والجهاز الحوفي في الشكل الهائج، ثم الأعصاب الطرفية، والغدد اللعابية، وعضلات البلعوم والحنجرة والعضلات الماضغة.",[1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342,1346,1350,1353,1356,1359,1362,1365,1368,1371,1374,1377],{"claims":1323,"source":1324,"licence":140,"source_url":1325,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent, geography and elimination status, dog-bite share of human cases, 59,000 deaths, vaccination coverage target, prevention","WOAH - Rabies disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Frabies\u002F",{"claims":1327,"source":1328,"licence":145,"source_url":1329,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"virus must reach brain before signs, 70,000 deaths and 95% dog share, fatality, post-exposure prophylaxis","CDC - About Rabies","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Frabies\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":1331,"source":1332,"licence":29,"source_url":1333,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms pathogenesis route, reservoirs, prodrome length, cattle and horse signs, post-mortem diagnosis","MSD Veterinary Manual - Rabies in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fnervous-system\u002Frabies\u002Frabies-in-animals",{"claims":1335,"source":1336,"licence":29,"source_url":1337,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms clinical forms, clinical course, necropsy and histological findings, limbic involvement","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Rabies and Rabies-Related Lyssaviruses factsheet (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Frabies.pdf",{"claims":1339,"source":1340,"licence":29,"source_url":1341,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent description, shedding sites, differential diagnosis list, diagnosis by fluorescent antibody on brain, prevention","Georgia Department of Agriculture - Rabies fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.agr.georgia.gov\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fdocuments\u002Fanimal-health\u002Frabies.pdf",{"claims":1343,"source":1344,"licence":97,"source_url":1345,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"camel outbreaks in Sudan, dog source, seasonality, nervous signs in camels","Epidemiology of rabies in camels (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13222453\u002F",{"claims":1347,"source":1348,"licence":29,"source_url":1349,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"features separating canine distemper from rabies","Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center - Rabies or Canine Distemper?","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vet.cornell.edu\u002Fanimal-health-diagnostic-center\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-protocols-interpretations\u002Frabies-or-canine-distemper",{"claims":32,"source":1351,"licence":34,"source_url":1352,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Infection with rabies virus chapter (2022 edition text, numbered 8.14 there)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_rabies.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1354,"licence":34,"source_url":1355,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2023, Chapter 3.1.18 Rabies (infection with rabies virus and other lyssaviruses)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.18_RABIES.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1357,"licence":34,"source_url":1358,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"Equine Rabies in Southern Colombia 2024-2025, Animals (Basel) 2026 (PMC13360232)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13360232\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1360,"licence":34,"source_url":1361,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"Epidemiology of Animal Rabies, China 2010-2020, China CDC Weekly 2021 (PMC8477053)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8477053\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1363,"licence":34,"source_url":1364,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH (OIE) Technical Disease Card, Rabies (updated 2014)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Frabies.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1366,"licence":34,"source_url":1367,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"Biological barriers underlying the extremely high fatality of symptomatic rabies, 2026 review (PMC13586868)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13586868\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1369,"licence":34,"source_url":1370,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"First detection of rabies virus in encephalitic goats, Sarawak, BMC Vet Res 2025 (PMC12590585)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12590585\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1372,"licence":34,"source_url":1373,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WHO, Rabies fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Frabies",{"claims":32,"source":1375,"licence":34,"source_url":1376,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH, FAO and WHO (2023), Oral vaccination of dogs against rabies: recommendations for field application","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F10\u002Forv-web-27102023.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1378,"licence":34,"source_url":1379,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":1054},"WOAH RABLAB statement on substandard dog rabies vaccines (April 2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F06\u002F2024-rablab-vaccinestatement-final-en-0724.pdf",[],{"title":1382,"id":1383,"documentId":1384,"heading":1385,"slug":1386,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1387,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1388,"drugs":1405},"Infection with Trypanosoma evansi (Surra)",296,"lpv1ftk9d7cbtt61y51sg0qo","داء السَّرَّا","infection-with-trypanosoma-evansi-surra","تشمل الأنسجة المرتبطة بعدوى Trypanosoma evansi الدمَ والعقد اللمفية، إذ قد يكشف فحص موادهما عن المثقبيات في الإصابة المبكرة أو الحادة، والجهازَ العصبي المركزي وغيره من الأنسجة خارج الأوعية الدموية. تمتد آفات عدوى Trypanosoma evansi إلى الطحال والعقد اللمفية اللذين قد يتضخمان، وإلى الجلد بلويحاته الشروية (urticarial plaques)، والأغشية المصلية في الجفون والمنخرين وفتحة الشرج، وبعض الأعضاء الداخلية التي قد تظهر عليها نزوف نمشية.",[1389,1393,1397,1401],{"claims":1390,"source":1391,"licence":140,"source_url":1392,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"hosts, transmission, distribution, signs, lesions, case fatality, differentials, control; states no zoonotic potential","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Trypanosoma evansi infections (including surra)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftrypano-evansi.pdf",{"claims":1394,"source":1395,"licence":140,"source_url":1396,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, vectors, clinical signs, CNS invasion, immunodeficiency and vaccination interference, diagnosis, no vaccine","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.1.21 Surra in all species (Trypanosoma evansi infection)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.21_TRYPANO_SURRA.pdf",{"claims":1398,"source":1399,"licence":712,"source_url":1400,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"distribution North Africa to South-East Asia, host susceptibility, chronic camel course; conflicting prognosis figure","BioMed Research International (2013) - Desquesnes et al., T. evansi and surra: origin, distribution, hosts and pathogenic effects (PMC3760267, Europe PMC full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3760267\u002F",{"claims":1402,"source":1403,"licence":712,"source_url":1404,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"mechanical, oral and iatrogenic transmission, seasonality, diagnosis, drug resistance, quarantine testing","BioMed Research International (2013) - Desquesnes et al., T. evansi and surra: transmission, epidemiology, control and zoonotic aspects (PMC3789323)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3789323\u002F",[],{"title":1407,"id":1408,"documentId":1409,"heading":1410,"slug":1411,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1412,"is_zoonotic":135,"citations":1413,"drugs":1429},"Infestation with Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screwworm)",348,"yn7ng0falt983w4f0dg9omws","الدودة الحلزونية للعالم القديم","infestation-with-chrysomya-bezziana-old-world-screwworm","قد توجد يرقات الدودة الحلزونية في أي جرح وفي الأنسجة المجاورة وتجاويف الجسم القريبة من الفتحات، وقد تُدمّر يرقات Chrysomya bezziana الأنسجة الحية وحتى العظام. من المواضع المذكورة للإصابة بالدودة الحلزونية: سُرّة المولود، ومنطقتا الفرج والعجان لدى الأم، والمنخران والجيوب المرتبطة بهما، ومحجرا العينين، والفم، والأذنان، والأعضاء التناسلية، وفتحات الأنف والشرج والقلفة والمهبل.",[1414,1418,1422,1426],{"claims":1415,"source":1416,"licence":140,"source_url":1417,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathophysiology (life cycle, oviposition, burrowing, odour attraction), epidemiology (hosts, distribution incl. Gulf, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, wound types, flight range), sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis and larval identification, prognosis (death in 1-2 weeks, 100% navel morbidity), prevention (husbandry, inspection, quarantine, no vaccine, SIT)","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Screwworm (Old World and New World), last updated April 2013","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FAnimal_Health_in_the_World\u002Fdocs\u002Fpdf\u002FDisease_cards\u002FSCREWWORM.pdf",{"claims":1419,"source":1420,"licence":937,"source_url":1421,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"corroborates pathophysiology (wound and body-opening attraction, larvae destroying living tissue and bone, three instars over 6-7 days, soil pupation), epidemiology (distribution; established in Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Yemen after introductions; humans occasional hosts), removal of all larvae as key treatment","Zhou X et al. (2019) Human Chrysomya bezziana myiasis: A systematic review, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6821133\u002F",{"claims":1423,"source":1424,"licence":140,"source_url":1425,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"WOAH-listed disease status","WOAH - Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fold-world-screwworm-chrysomya-bezziana\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":1427,"source_url":1428,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Screwworm Myiasis factsheet (2025) (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fscrewworm_myiasis.pdf",[],{"title":1431,"id":1432,"documentId":1433,"heading":1434,"slug":1435,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1436,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1437,"drugs":1458},"Infestation with Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)",347,"i6x0piih8b6922pew1njvtdn","الدودة الحلزونية للعالم الجديد","infestation-with-cochliomyia-hominivorax-new-world-screwworm","قد توجد يرقات الدودة الحلزونية في أي جرح وفي الأنسجة المجاورة له وتجاويف الجسم القريبة من الفتحات، ويُصاب المولود عبر الحبل السري بعد الولادة بقليل بحسب منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (FAO). من المواضع المذكورة للإصابة بالدودة الحلزونية: سُرّة المولود، ومنطقتا الفرج والعجان لدى الأم، والمنخران والجيوب، والفم، والأذنان، والأعضاء التناسلية، ومحجر العين، وفتحات الأنف والشرج والقلفة والمهبل.",[1438,1442,1446,1450,1455,1457],{"claims":1439,"source":1440,"licence":1115,"source_url":1441,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent, host range, current endemic areas and northward spread, wound infestation, signs (irritation, head shaking, odour, visible larvae), sterile insect technique, reporting","USDA APHIS - New World Screwworm","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fcattle\u002Fticks\u002Fscrewworm",{"claims":1443,"source":1444,"licence":140,"source_url":1445,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"obligate larval parasite, egg hatching 12-24 h, larval moults, life cycle under 3 weeks in tropics, zoonosis, movement control, SIT, WOAH listed","WOAH - New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fnew-world-screwworm-cochliomyia-hominivorax\u002F",{"claims":1447,"source":1448,"licence":29,"source_url":1449,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"1988 Libya discovery, sheep and camels affected, SIT eradication programme, regional risk, newborn deer mortality up to 75%","FAO - The New World screwworm in North Africa","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002F4\u002Fu4220t\u002Fu4220T04.htm",{"claims":1451,"source":1452,"licence":1453,"source_url":1454,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"host range incl. humans, newborn navel risk, spread via animal movement and wildlife, current affected countries, Libya 1988, wound management and inspection for prevention","FAO - New World Screwworm FAQ","(c) FAO 2026","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002Fanimal-health\u002Fanimal-diseases\u002Fnew-world-screwworm\u002Ffaq\u002Fen",{"claims":1456,"source":1427,"licence":29,"source_url":1428,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms life cycle timings, lesion development and sites, clinical behaviour, fly range 10-25 km, differential from opportunistic fly larvae, Old World screwworm in Middle East, W. magnifica in North Africa, prognosis, preventive husbandry",{"claims":282,"source":1416,"source_url":1417,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},[1459,1460,1466],{"id":678,"documentId":679,"slug":680,"name":681,"heading":682},{"id":1461,"documentId":1462,"slug":1463,"name":1464,"heading":1465},1947,"mnofxk8vpsznk4od00m1enlb","eprinomectin","Eprinomectin","إبرينومكتين",{"id":672,"documentId":673,"slug":674,"name":675,"heading":676},{"title":1468,"id":1469,"documentId":1470,"heading":1471,"slug":1472,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1473,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1474,"drugs":1505},"Iron-deficiency anemia",319,"aaxyniwzeec6trpw1i835wdu","فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد","iron-deficiency-anemia","يرتبط فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد (iron-deficiency anemia) بالدم وكرياته الحمر التي تصبح صغيرة ناقصة الصباغ، إذ يدخل الحديد في تصنيع الهيموغلوبين ويؤدي دورًا مهمًا في نقل الأكسجين وتكوين الدم (hematopoiesis). ترتبط الحالة كذلك بالقناة الهضمية، فأمراض سوء الامتصاص المعدية المعوية قد تقلل امتصاص الحديد بحسب Hunt وJugan (2021)، والنزف من القرحات أو الأورام المعدية المعوية أكثر شيوعًا مصدرًا لفقدان الدم المزمن لدى الحيوانات الأكبر سنًا بحسب دليل MSD البيطري، في حين قد يعود لدى الصغار إلى التطفل.",[1475,1480,1484,1488,1492,1496,1499,1502],{"claims":1476,"source":1477,"licence":1478,"source_url":1479,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"causes of piglet iron deficiency, signs, haemoglobin thresholds, injectable iron sources and route, risks of excess iron","Kansas State University Swine Nutrition Guide (extension) - Iron","(c) Kansas State University","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.asi.k-state.edu\u002Fextension\u002Fswine\u002Fswinenutritionguide\u002Fgeneral_nutrition_principles\u002Firon.html",{"claims":1481,"source":1482,"licence":97,"source_url":1483,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"roles of iron, low birth reserves, sow milk iron content, susceptibility to pneumonia and gut infections, iron overload risks","Meng Q, et al. Impact of Iron Supplementation on Growth Performance, Iron Homeostasis and Redox Balance of Suckling Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2025","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11988079\u002F",{"claims":1485,"source":1486,"licence":604,"source_url":1487,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"functional iron deficiency via hepcidin and ferroportin, iron indices and reticulocyte haemoglobin content, iron deficiency in cats with chronic GI disease","Hunt A, Jugan MC. Anemia, iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency in cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2021","https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fjvim\u002Farticle\u002F35\u002F1\u002F172\u002F8446783",{"claims":1489,"source":1490,"licence":29,"source_url":1491,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms species frequency, chronic blood loss origin, piglet risk indoors, anaemia of chronic disease normocytic normochromic, renal anaemia, iron supplementation and correcting blood loss","MSD Veterinary Manual - Nonregenerative Anemias in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fnonregenerative-anemias-in-animals",{"claims":1493,"source":1494,"licence":29,"source_url":1495,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms parasitic and GI bleeding causes by age, microcytic hypochromic hallmark, persistent reticulocytosis, causes to exclude","MSD Veterinary Manual - Regenerative Anemias in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fregenerative-anemias-in-animals",{"claims":282,"source":1497,"source_url":1498,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"Hunt A, Jugan MC. Anemia, iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency in cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2021 (PMC7848310 full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7848310\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1500,"licence":34,"source_url":1501,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Overview of Anemia in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Foverview-of-anemia-in-animals",{"claims":32,"source":1503,"licence":34,"source_url":1504,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Nonregenerative Anemias in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fnonregenerative-anemias-in-animals",[1506],{"id":1507,"documentId":1508,"slug":1509,"name":1510,"heading":1511},2148,"intixiw8uiffmtydvn2sc8yw","iron-dextran-complex","iron dextran complex","معقد الحديد والدكستران",{"title":1513,"id":1514,"documentId":1515,"heading":1516,"slug":1517,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1518,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1519,"drugs":1540},"Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye)",320,"xgrt1q5rtk5en10y6l6swh0l","التهاب القرنية والملتحمة الجاف","keratoconjunctivitis-sicca-dry-eye","تنتج الغدة الدمعية (lacrimal gland) وغدة الجفن الثالث الطبقة المائية من الغشاء الدمعي أمام القرنية. تأتي الطبقة الدهنية الخارجية للغشاء الدمعي من غدد ميبوميوس (meibomian glands)، وتأتي طبقته المخاطية العميقة من الخلايا الكأسية في الملتحمة.",[1520,1524,1529,1533,1537],{"claims":1521,"source":1522,"licence":29,"source_url":1523,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms species, causes incl. distemper, sulfonamides, third-eyelid gland removal (~20%), neurogenic and feline herpesvirus forms, clinical signs, qualitative deficiency, lifelong treatment, response rate","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Nasolacrimal and Lacrimal Apparatus in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fmerckvetmanual.com\u002Feye-and-ear\u002Fophthalmology\u002Fnasolacrimal-and-lacrimal-apparatus",{"claims":1525,"source":1526,"licence":1527,"source_url":1528,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"frequency in dogs, causes, breeds, age, clinical signs, Schirmer test, lifelong treatment, prognosis and complications","University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine: Dry Eye in Dogs Requires Veterinary Care","(c) 2026 University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine","https:\u002F\u002Fvetmed.illinois.edu\u002Fpet-health-columns\u002Fdry-eye-dogs\u002F",{"claims":1530,"source":1531,"licence":712,"source_url":1532,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, immune-mediated lacrimal gland lymphocytic infiltration, corneal scarring and vision loss, Schirmer tear test grading","Hermida-Prieto M, Garcia-Castro J, Marinas-Pardo L. Systemic Treatment of Immune-Mediated Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca with Allogeneic Stem Cells Improves the Schirmer Tear Test Score in a Canine Spontaneous Model of Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8709250\u002F",{"claims":1534,"source":1535,"licence":712,"source_url":1536,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"tear hyperosmolarity and inflammatory mechanism, similarity to Sjogren syndrome, corneal ulceration and vision loss","Yogo T, Terakado K, Katayama K. Tear Protein Alteration in Dogs with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Animals, 2026","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12837657\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1538,"licence":34,"source_url":1539,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual: Nasolacrimal and Lacrimal Apparatus in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Feye-and-ear\u002Fophthalmology\u002Fnasolacrimal-and-lacrimal-apparatus",[1541,1542],{"id":241,"documentId":242,"slug":243,"name":244,"heading":245},{"id":1543,"documentId":1544,"slug":1545,"name":1545,"heading":1546},2004,"txy7fyuwoc248s01p8oiwok2","acetylcysteine","أسيتيل سيستئين",{"title":1548,"id":1549,"documentId":1550,"heading":1551,"slug":1552,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1553,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1554,"drugs":1567},"Leptospirosis",306,"hpjc1bpgpx0uoul6elveszz2","داء البريميات","leptospirosis","ترتبط العلامات السريرية لداء البريميات (leptospirosis) لدى الحيوانات غالبًا بالكلى والكبد والوظيفة التناسلية، وتستقر البريميات وتستمر في الكلية وفي الجهاز التناسلي الذكري والأنثوي. تشمل الأنسجة المعنية أيضًا المشيمة التي قد تحتبس لدى بعض الأبقار المجهضة، وكلية الأجنة المجهضة أو المولودة ميتة وكبدها ورئتها ودماغها وغدتها الكظرية، والسحايا لدى العجول، والرئتين في متلازمة النزف الرئوي لدى الكلاب وربما لدى بعض المهور بحسب سلسلة حالات حديثة، والعنبية (uvea) في التهاب العنبية الراجع لدى الخيول.",[1555,1559,1563],{"claims":1556,"source":1557,"licence":140,"source_url":1558,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent and serovars, maintenance hosts, acute and chronic presentations, kidney and genital persistence, carriers, zoonotic risk, differential diagnosis groups, MAT four-fold rise, vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.1.12 Leptospirosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.12_LEPTO.pdf",{"claims":1560,"source":1561,"licence":885,"source_url":1562,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathogenesis incl. endothelial cadherin, tubulointerstitial nephritis, rodents as reservoirs, dog signs, pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome 70% mortality, AKI differential, annual dog vaccination, low zoonotic risk from dogs","Updated ACVIM Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis in Dogs (PMC10658540)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10658540\u002F",{"claims":1564,"source":1565,"licence":29,"source_url":1566,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirmation: geography and seasonality, transmission and environmental survival, signs by species, lesions, 80% dog survival, 40% abortion in naive herds, serovar vaccines, environmental control","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Leptospirosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fleptospirosis.pdf",[1568,1569,1573,1574,1575],{"id":189,"documentId":190,"slug":191,"name":191,"heading":192},{"id":1570,"documentId":1571,"slug":1572,"name":1572,"heading":11},1856,"hvvq0o2q8zlfxu4mvql0gehc","dihydrostreptomycin",{"id":200,"documentId":201,"slug":202,"name":203,"heading":204},{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":219,"heading":220},{"id":1576,"documentId":1577,"slug":1578,"name":1578,"heading":1579},2217,"aaalqn43b5cr32eqsyzq1u9o","streptomycin","ستربتومايسين",{"title":1581,"id":1582,"documentId":1583,"heading":1584,"slug":1585,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1586,"drugs":1598},"Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease",341,"r8l9c2yt0posgkixl358s7zy","داء الصمام التاجي المخاطي","myxomatous-mitral-valve-disease",[1587,1589,1592,1595],{"claims":32,"source":1588,"licence":34,"source_url":500,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs (J Vet Intern Med 2019, PMC6524084)",{"claims":32,"source":1590,"licence":34,"source_url":1591,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Mattin et al. - Prevalence of and risk factors for degenerative mitral valve disease in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England (J Vet Intern Med 2015, PMC4895395)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4895395\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1593,"licence":34,"source_url":1594,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Genetic Basis of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs - A Review (Veterinary Sciences 2025, PMC12737390)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12737390\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1596,"licence":34,"source_url":1597,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Myxomatous Atrioventricular Valve Degeneration in Dogs and Cats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fvarious-heart-diseases-in-dogs-and-cats\u002Fmyxomatous-atrioventricular-valve-degeneration-in-dogs-and-cats",[1599,1600,1601,1602],{"id":521,"documentId":522,"slug":523,"name":524,"heading":525},{"id":532,"documentId":533,"slug":534,"name":535,"heading":536},{"id":439,"documentId":440,"slug":441,"name":442,"heading":443},{"id":1603,"documentId":1604,"slug":1605,"name":1606,"heading":1607},2037,"nvm3340nvvhxrxtdrchsm7nt","spironolactone","Spironolactone","سبيرونولاكتون",{"title":1609,"id":1610,"documentId":1611,"heading":1612,"slug":1613,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1614,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1615,"drugs":1639},"Osteoarthritis",342,"ljnochda65yq3jzl6r6dli3m","الفُصال العظمي","osteoarthritis","يصف دليل MSD البيطري الفُصال العظمي (osteoarthritis) لدى الكلاب والقطط بأنه مرض يصيب العضو المفصلي بأكمله بل الجهاز العضلي الهيكلي كله، ويُحَسّ ألمه في البنى المحيطة بالمفصل وتحته أكثر مما يُحَسّ في السطوح المفصلية المتضررة. تشمل البنى المتأثرة الغضروف المفصلي والأنسجة المحيطة بالمفصل لدى الكلاب، والعظم تحت الغضروفي والغضروف والأنسجة الزلالية والأنسجة الرخوة لدى الخيول.",[1616,1620,1624,1628,1632,1636],{"claims":1617,"source":1618,"licence":712,"source_url":1619,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, chronic inflammation, developmental and traumatic causes, central sensitisation, clinical assessment and staging, radiography-pain mismatch, imaging to exclude other pathology, incurable prognosis, management approach, total hip replacement outcomes, weight management, growth monitoring, preventive surgery","Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2023) - COAST Development Group's international consensus guidelines for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis (PMC10436090)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10436090\u002F",{"claims":1621,"source":1622,"licence":712,"source_url":1623,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"prevalence in North America and UK, primary vs secondary osteoarthritis, predisposing arthropathies (dysplasia, cruciate disease, patellar luxation), risk factors incl. body weight, neutering, breed, feeding and exercise","Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2020) - Risk Factors for Canine Osteoarthritis and Its Predisposing Arthropathies: A Systematic Review (PMC7198754)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7198754\u002F",{"claims":1625,"source":1626,"licence":97,"source_url":1627,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"differential diagnosis vs septic and immune-mediated arthritis by synovial neutrophils and serum CRP, local inflammation in OA, cartilage deterioration, osteophytes, periarticular change","BMC Veterinary Research (2016) - Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration for discriminating between suppurative arthritis and osteoarthritis in dogs (PMC5084410)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5084410\u002F",{"claims":1629,"source":1630,"licence":712,"source_url":1631,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"equine OA as up to 60% of lameness, cytokine-driven pathogenesis (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, MMPs, aggrecanases, ROS, PGE2), subchondral bone and synovial involvement","Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2021) - A Comparative Review of Autologous Conditioned Serum and Autologous Protein Solution for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Horses (PMC7933025)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7933025\u002F",{"claims":1633,"source":1634,"licence":712,"source_url":1635,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"radiographic OA in 90% of cats over 12, lameness uncommon, gradual subtle signs attributed to ageing","Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2021) - Indicators of Health-Related Quality of Life in Cats With Degenerative Joint Disease: Systematic Review and Proposal of a Conceptual Framework (PMC8636455)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8636455\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":1637,"source_url":1638,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Osteoarthritis in Dogs and Cats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fmusculoskeletal-system\u002Fosteoarthritis-in-dogs-and-cats\u002Fosteoarthritis-in-dogs-and-cats",[1640,1641,1647,1653,1659,1665,1671,1677,1682,1687],{"id":569,"documentId":570,"slug":571,"name":572,"heading":573},{"id":1642,"documentId":1643,"slug":1644,"name":1645,"heading":1646},2087,"jfhish5bw5hjkgxru2gp9qwu","carprofen","Carprofen","كاربروفين",{"id":1648,"documentId":1649,"slug":1650,"name":1651,"heading":1652},2204,"up738iw2t6qwgwxaezjdc530","robenacoxib","Robenacoxib","روبيناكوكسيب",{"id":1654,"documentId":1655,"slug":1656,"name":1657,"heading":1658},1942,"zl1dzauakccq6tugavfvbqku","firocoxib","Firocoxib","فيروكوكسيب",{"id":1660,"documentId":1661,"slug":1662,"name":1663,"heading":1664},1951,"r3mwzolndoj9di8qoyu2uwnd","phenylbutazone","Phenylbutazone","فينيل بيوتازون",{"id":1666,"documentId":1667,"slug":1668,"name":1669,"heading":1670},2238,"fpj0oy47v7pnc99uvd1a97sb","tramadol","Tramadol","ترامادول",{"id":1672,"documentId":1673,"slug":1674,"name":1675,"heading":1676},2079,"ndpkigsyxqpo210tzoh59ex9","buprenorphine","Buprenorphine","بوبرينورفين",{"id":1678,"documentId":1679,"slug":1680,"name":1680,"heading":1681},2138,"aerbq725ds2x0w32s1raulvb","grapiprant","غرابيبرانت",{"id":1683,"documentId":1684,"slug":1685,"name":1685,"heading":1686},1976,"wkeet8bxpdbs4eisqvxqid6c","frunevetmab","فرونيفيتماب",{"id":1688,"documentId":1689,"slug":1690,"name":1690,"heading":1691},1975,"xj42b4a5d95g8fejlrofeh5h","bedinvetmab","بيدينفيتماب",{"title":1693,"id":1694,"documentId":1695,"heading":1696,"slug":1697,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1698,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1699,"drugs":1708},"Osteomyelitis",366,"eivbuj097dhdzdcwltny64ds","التهاب العظم والنقي","osteomyelitis","يصيب التهاب العظم والنقي العظام ونقي العظم، وأكثر ما يصيب الفقرات والأقراص بين الفقرية (spondylodiscitis)، والمفاصل، والفك السفلي، وعظام الحوض. يتمركز الشكل دموي المنشأ عادةً في الكُردوس (metaphysis) والمشاش (epiphysis) من العظام النامية، وفي جسم العظام الطويلة (diaphysis) لدى البالغين، وقد تمتد العدوى النشطة بناسور إلى السمحاق الخارجي (periosteum). وُصف التهاب العظم والنقي في العظم اللامي (hyoid) لدى العجول بعد إصابات الفك السفلي، ويرتبط العرج في دجاج اللاحم المربى على أرضيات سلكية مرتفعة كثيرًا بالنخر الغضروفي البكتيري المصحوب بالتهاب العظم والنقي (bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis) في الأجزاء القريبة من عظمي الساق والفخذ.",[1700,1704],{"claims":1701,"source":1702,"licence":97,"source_url":1703,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, routes, biofilm, sequestrum, species forms, organisms incl. fungi, acute vs chronic, radiographic lag, culture sampling, debridement and implant removal","Microbiological aspects of osteomyelitis in veterinary medicine: drawing parallels to the infection in human medicine. Vet Q 2022 (PMC8725753)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8725753\u002F",{"claims":1705,"source":1706,"licence":712,"source_url":1707,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pathophysiology incl. adhesion, RANKL, involucrum; aetiology by species (foals, calves, pigs, broilers, turkeys); risk factors; clinical signs; differentials; treatment approach; foal mortality","Osteomyelitis related lameness across animal species: pathophysiology, etiology, epidemiology and experimental models. Front Vet Sci 2026 (PMC13248973)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13248973\u002F",[1709],{"id":1710,"documentId":1711,"slug":1712,"name":1713,"heading":1714},2049,"r3x6vc1epkgy3bywobl4lcmq","clindamycin","Clindamycin","كليندامايسين",{"title":1716,"id":1717,"documentId":1718,"heading":1719,"slug":1720,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1721,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1722,"drugs":1735},"Otitis externa",270,"bbi41b3epafdrfqu3pj77fym","التهاب الأذن الخارجية","otitis-externa","يصيب التهاب الأذن الخارجية الكلبي قناة الأذن الخارجية. ويرتبط خطر الإصابة بشكل صيوان الأذن، وتتعرض الكلاب ذات الصيوان المتدلي أو المتدلي بشكل حرف V لخطر أعلى من ذات الصيوان المنتصب، وقد تشمل الحالات الأذن الوسطى أو لا تشملها. وقد تقترن حالات التهاب الأذن الخارجية بتغيرات فرطية التنسج أو ورمية.",[1723,1727,1732],{"claims":1724,"source":1725,"licence":97,"source_url":1726,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"prevalence 7.3%, breed, ear carriage, age, sex and bodyweight risk factors, primary\u002Fpredisposing\u002Fsecondary\u002Fperpetuating causes with examples, pruritus, pain, otorrhoea, malodour, hearing loss, surgery in severe cases, ear-cleaning advice","Frequency and predisposing factors for canine otitis externa in the UK - a primary veterinary care epidemiological view (BioMed Central journal, 2021, PMC8422687)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8422687\u002F",{"claims":1728,"source":1729,"licence":1730,"source_url":1731,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, common and recurrent, factor framework, dysbiosis, organisms, erythema\u002Foedema\u002Fdischarge\u002Ferosion scoring, perpetuating hyperplasia to stenosis and mineralisation, combination topical treatment, antibiotic resistance risk","Treatment of canine otitis externa: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical field study comparing hydrocortisone aceponate monotherapy to a multi-agent reference product (Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2026)","not captured from source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fveterinary-science\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffvets.2026.1861746\u002Ffull",{"claims":32,"source":1733,"licence":34,"source_url":1734,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Otitis Externa in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fear-disorders\u002Fotitis-externa\u002Foverview-of-otitis-externa",[1736,1741,1742,1743,1748],{"id":1737,"documentId":1738,"slug":1739,"name":1739,"heading":1740},1953,"o8zricka8aflcbz08u05wx94","flumethasone","فلوميثازون",{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":78,"heading":79},{"id":723,"documentId":724,"slug":725,"name":726,"heading":727},{"id":1744,"documentId":1745,"slug":1746,"name":1746,"heading":1747},2223,"gkaogu2pd8fvqp7k6t5f9vm8","terbinafine","تيربينافين",{"id":1749,"documentId":1750,"slug":1751,"name":1752,"heading":1753},2190,"kdr7bkkfr9m36fetwivfot1g","polymyxin-b","polymyxin b","بوليميكسين ب",{"title":1755,"id":1756,"documentId":1757,"heading":1758,"slug":1759,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1760,"drugs":1770},"Parvovirus Infection",326,"r4hopvf3m1tttsaah36skv1s","عدوى فيروس البارفو","parvovirus-infection",[1761,1764,1767],{"claims":32,"source":1762,"licence":34,"source_url":1763,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Canine Parvovirus Infection (Parvoviral Enteritis in Dogs)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fdiseases-of-the-stomach-and-intestines-in-small-animals\u002Fcanine-parvovirus",{"claims":32,"source":1765,"licence":34,"source_url":1766,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Decaro and Buonavoglia (2012) Canine parvovirus - a review of epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, Veterinary Microbiology","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7173204\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1768,"licence":34,"source_url":1769,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Microorganisms (2024) Overview of Recent Advances in Canine Parvovirus Research","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11767475\u002F",[1771,1772,1773],{"id":394,"documentId":395,"slug":396,"name":397,"heading":398},{"id":478,"documentId":479,"slug":480,"name":481,"heading":482},{"id":1774,"documentId":1775,"slug":1776,"name":1777,"heading":1778},1990,"zrk5i67hugl6oynwceryf2ur","metoclopramide","Metoclopramide","ميتوكلوبراميد",{"title":1780,"id":1781,"documentId":1782,"heading":1783,"slug":1784,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1785,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1786,"drugs":1811},"Periodontal disease",343,"a4s9cjttqp6s3g6068d6o8fx","مرض دواعم السن","periodontal-disease","يصيب مرض دواعم السن (periodontal disease) الأنسجة الداعمة للسن (periodontium) بالعدوى والالتهاب، وتشمل اللثة، وهي غلاف متقرّن من النسيج الرخو ملتصق بالعظم عبر السمحاق، والعظم السنخي، والأربطة حول السنية. يمتد أثر المرض إلى خارج الفم، إذ ارتبط بارتفاع خطر مرض الكلى المزمن المصحوب بآزوتيمية بحسب دليل MSD البيطري.",[1787,1791,1795,1799,1802,1805,1808],{"claims":1788,"source":1789,"licence":712,"source_url":1790,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"chronic inflammation and tissue destruction, dysbiosis model, healthy vs diseased flora, pathogens rising with severity, age and body-weight risk, small breeds, mechanical debridement and antibiotics give temporary relief, tooth brushing, probiotics under study","Microbial therapeutics for canine periodontal disease: current status and future perspectives (Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2025, doi 10.3389\u002Ffvets.2025.1748968, PMC12832465) - full text via Europe PMC","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12832465\u002F",{"claims":1792,"source":1793,"licence":712,"source_url":1794,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"gingivitis and periodontitis stages, prevalence up to 90% cited, survey results 30.4% and 78.8%, small breed anatomy, food and lack of dental care, radiographic and probing staging criteria, gingivitis reversible, brushing and prophylaxis programme","Periodontal Disease in Dogs From Mexico: Description of Most Commonly Affected Teeth and Associated Factors (Veterinary Medicine International, PMC11986946) - full text via Europe PMC","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11986946\u002F",{"claims":1796,"source":1797,"licence":604,"source_url":1798,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"pockets, bone resorption and tooth loss, dogs and cats, prevalence 80% by age four and 44-63.6%, clinical signs, systemic risk to kidney\u002Fheart\u002Fliver, P. gulae fimbriae and gingipain proteases","Porphyromonas gulae and canine periodontal disease: Current understanding and future directions (Virulence, PMC11756583) - full text via Europe PMC","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11756583\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":1800,"source_url":1801,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Periodontal Disease in Small Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fdentistry-in-small-animals\u002Fperiodontal-disease-in-small-animals",{"claims":282,"source":1803,"source_url":1804,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"American Veterinary Dental College - Nomenclature","https:\u002F\u002Favdc.org\u002Favdc-nomenclature\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":1806,"source_url":1807,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Dental Disorders of Dogs (pet owner version)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fdog-owners\u002Fdigestive-disorders-of-dogs\u002Fdental-disorders-of-dogs",{"claims":32,"source":1809,"licence":34,"source_url":1810,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"2019 AAHA Dental Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aaha.org\u002Fresources\u002F2019-aaha-dental-care-guidelines-for-dogs-and-cats\u002F",[1812],{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":219,"heading":220},{"title":1814,"id":1815,"documentId":1816,"heading":1817,"slug":1818,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1819,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1820,"drugs":1827},"Pyoderma",269,"urk5bu147w0vbmzxeknxt794","التهاب الجلد القيحي","pyoderma","يقتصر التهاب الجلد القيحي السطحي (surface pyoderma) على الطبقات العليا من البشرة، بحسب إرشادات الجمعية الدولية لأمراض الحيوانات الأليفة المعدية (ISCAID). ويقتصر الالتهاب الضحل (superficial pyoderma) على البشرة وجريبات الشعر، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري، بينما يصيب الالتهاب العميق (deep pyoderma) الأدمة وقد يمتد أحيانًا إلى النسيج تحت الجلد. وترتفع في الغالب الأعداد البكتيرية وخطر العدوى في ثنايا الشفة والوجه والعنق والإبط وفي المناطق بين الأصابع وثنايا الفرج والذيل، وهي مناطق دافئة رطبة. وتتهيأ نقاط الضغط، كالمرفقين والعرقوبين، للعدوى أيضًا، ويُحتمل أن يعود ذلك إلى تمزق الجريبات المتهيجة بفعل الرضح والضغط المزمنين، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري. وتُعدّ منطقتا الجذع والبطن أكثر المناطق إصابة، بينما تكون جسر الخطم والذقن والمرفقان والعرقوبان والمناطق بين الأصابع أكثر عرضة للعدوى العميقة.",[1821,1823],{"claims":1822,"source":33,"licence":97,"source_url":35,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"classification by depth, lesions, organisms and proportions, underlying causes, pathogenesis, cytology, differentials, meticillin resistance, zoonotic precautions, treatment approach, prognosis and recurrence prevention",{"claims":1824,"source":1825,"licence":1826,"source_url":30,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms organisms in dogs and cats, predisposing causes, frequency in dogs vs cats, clinical signs and sites, ruling out dermatophytosis and demodicosis, recurrence causes","MSD Veterinary Manual - Pyoderma in Dogs and Cats","not stated on source page; used for confirmation only",[1828,1834,1835,1840,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849],{"id":1829,"documentId":1830,"slug":1831,"name":1832,"heading":1833},2040,"cuhqoqfekwll0zk3e33dcyr0","benzoyl-peroxide","benzoyl peroxide","بيروكسيد البنزويل",{"id":624,"documentId":625,"slug":626,"name":626,"heading":627},{"id":1836,"documentId":1837,"slug":1838,"name":1838,"heading":1839},1958,"d4lmnroqyd4ol36gakf72w0x","dicloxacillin","ديكلوكساسيلين",{"id":1841,"documentId":1842,"slug":1843,"name":1843,"heading":1844},2093,"p898109tf08ftjooj3pchbzz","chlorhexidine","كلورهيكسيدين",{"id":735,"documentId":736,"slug":737,"name":737,"heading":738},{"id":241,"documentId":242,"slug":243,"name":244,"heading":245},{"id":1710,"documentId":1711,"slug":1712,"name":1713,"heading":1714},{"id":645,"documentId":646,"slug":647,"name":648,"heading":649},{"id":1850,"documentId":1851,"slug":1852,"name":1853,"heading":1854},2064,"p2zjftkbmuhlvt64aocmxxp9","amoxicillin-clavulanate","Amoxicillin\u002FClavulanate","أموكسيسيلين\u002Fكلافولانات",{"title":1856,"id":1857,"documentId":1858,"heading":1859,"slug":1860,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1861,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1862,"drugs":1885},"Pyometra",310,"zkepjdfc0nn3sk1001mw9024","تقيّح الرحم","pyometra","يشمل تقيّح الرحم الأعضاء والأنسجة التالية: تجويف الرحم الذي يتجمع فيه القيح لدى الكلبات وإناث القطط بحسب دراسة Lopes وزملائه (2021)، وبطانة الرحم وجداره، والمهبل مصدرًا للجراثيم الانتهازية بحسب دليل MSD البيطري (MSD Veterinary Manual)، وعنق الرحم الذي يحدد انفتاحه شكلَي المرض لدى الكلاب، ومجرى الدم الذي يتحرر فيه الذيفان الداخلي للجراثيم سلبية الغرام، بحسب دراسة Jitpean وزملائه (2017).",[1863,1867,1871,1875,1879,1882],{"claims":1864,"source":1865,"licence":755,"source_url":1866,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"incidence 25%, onset within 2 months of oestrus, clinical sign frequencies, laboratory findings, ovariohysterectomy, peritonitis, mortality 3-4% and 1.1% postoperative","Jitpean S et al. Outcome of pyometra in female dogs and predictors of peritonitis and prolonged postoperative hospitalization in surgically treated cases. BMC Veterinary Research, 2014","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3892096\u002F",{"claims":1868,"source":1869,"licence":97,"source_url":1870,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"incidence 20%, E. coli and endotoxin, open vs closed cervix, sepsis proportions, mortality 3-10%","Jitpean S, Ambrosen A, Emanuelson U, Hagman R. Closed cervix is associated with more severe illness in dogs with pyometra. BMC Veterinary Research, 2017","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5217653\u002F",{"claims":1872,"source":1873,"licence":712,"source_url":1874,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definition, dogs and cats, E. coli 57.7% and association with severe lesions, ultrasound findings","Lopes CE et al. Pet Pyometra: Correlating Bacteria Pathogenicity to Endometrial Histological Changes. Pathogens, 2021","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8308915\u002F",{"claims":1876,"source":1877,"licence":29,"source_url":1878,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms progesterone pathogenesis, bacteria, age and cycle history, signs, laboratory and ultrasound findings, ovariohysterectomy, recurrence after medical treatment, spaying, breeding advice","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia-Pyometra Complex in Small Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Freproductive-diseases-of-the-female-small-animal\u002Fcystic-endometrial-hyperplasia-pyometra-complex-in-small-animals",{"claims":32,"source":1880,"licence":34,"source_url":1881,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Uterine Dysfunctions in Non-Pregnant and Pregnant Small Animals (Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13538269\u002F",{"claims":32,"source":1883,"licence":34,"source_url":1884,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Molecular Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Pyometra in Domestic Cats (Animals, 2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12045293\u002F",[1886,1892],{"id":1887,"documentId":1888,"slug":1889,"name":1890,"heading":1891},2036,"ex5r3o19nuxke19kyyx955gr","cloprostenol","Cloprostenol","كلوبروستينول",{"id":1893,"documentId":1894,"slug":1895,"name":1895,"heading":1896},2117,"aeu2i2yvxizaj0vi2u38rwtz","dinoprost","دينوبروست",{"title":1898,"id":1899,"documentId":1900,"heading":1901,"slug":1902,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1903,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1904,"drugs":1919},"Salmonellosis",332,"d6vv1hh14a8wivl4101eqpkc","داء السلمونيلات","salmonellosis","تتركز آفات داء السلمونيلات (salmonellosis) المعوية وتشتد في اللفائفي السفلي (ileum) والأمعاء الغليظة ومنها الأعور (cecum) والقولون الحلزوني، وتكون العقد اللمفاوية المساريقية متوذمة نزفية عادة، وقد يلتهب جدار المرارة. تغزو السلمونيلات أيضًا الخلايا المعوية والنسيج اللمفاوي اللوزي، وكثيرًا ما تتوضع في المرارة والعقد اللمفاوية المساريقية، وقد تبلغ مع تسمم الدم الدماغ والسحايا والرحم الحامل والمفاصل ونهايات الأطراف وأطراف الأذنين والذيل، وتتوضع بعض الأنماط المصلية في الجهاز التناسلي، وقد تصاب الرئتان بالالتهاب في العجول والخنازير.",[1905,1909,1913,1916],{"claims":1906,"source":1907,"licence":140,"source_url":1908,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"agent and serovar classification, host-adapted and host-specific serovars, susceptible groups, global distribution and intensive husbandry, carriers, food contamination, zoonosis, clinical signs in chicks, calves (S. Dublin) and pigs (S. Choleraesuis), differential diagnosis, inactivated and live vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.10.7 Salmonellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.10.07_SALMONELLOSIS.pdf",{"claims":1910,"source":1911,"licence":29,"source_url":1912,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"confirms invasion mechanism, septicaemic localisation, faecal-oral transmission, stress risk factors, signs in adults, intestinal lesions, neonatal mortality up to 100%, difficulty of bacteriological cure, biliary persistence, herd biosecurity and sanitation measures","MSD Veterinary Manual - Salmonellosis in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fsalmonellosis\u002Fsalmonellosis-in-animals",{"claims":282,"source":1914,"source_url":1915,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Salmonellosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fnontyphoidal_salmonellosis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1917,"licence":34,"source_url":1918,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WHO - Salmonella (non-typhoidal) fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fsalmonella-(non-typhoidal)",[],{"title":1921,"id":1922,"documentId":1923,"heading":1924,"slug":1925,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1926,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1927,"drugs":1941},"Systemic hypertension",358,"dh3w84k53g6hd6q8aff1ybxy","فرط ضغط الدم الجهازي","systemic-hypertension","يرجّح بيان إجماع الكلية الأمريكية للطب الباطني البيطري (ACVIM) لعام 2018 بشأن فرط ضغط الدم الجهازي لدى الكلاب والقطط أن يصيب الأذى الحاد في الأعضاء لدى الكلاب والقطط العين (الشبكية والحجرة الأمامية) والجهاز العصبي. تذكر إرشادات إجماع الجمعية الدولية لطب القطط (ISFM) لعام 2017 بشأن فرط ضغط الدم لدى القطط من الأعضاء المصابة لدى القطط: الكليتين (تصلب الكبيبات وتصلب الشرايين)، والأوعية الدماغية، وجدار البطين الأيسر في القلب، والمستقبلات الضوئية في الشبكية.",[1928,1932,1937,1940],{"claims":1929,"source":1930,"licence":604,"source_url":1931,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"categories (\u003C140 normotensive, 140-159 prehypertensive, 160-179, >=180), situational\u002Fsecondary\u002Fidiopathic, >=80% secondary, prevalence in dogs, ocular lesions up to 100% of cats, neurological signs, treatment effects, no survival benefit in cats, screening from 9 years, device validation caveat","ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats, J Vet Intern Med 2018 (PMC6271319)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6271319\u002F",{"claims":1933,"source":1934,"licence":1935,"source_url":1936,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"feline prevalence, renal autoregulation, sympathetic role, TOD incl. ocular lesions in about 50% and neurological 15-46%, cardiac changes, white-coat effect up to 80 mmHg, thresholds (\u003C150 normotensive, 150-159 borderline), retinal prognosis, screening by age","ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension in Cats, J Feline Med Surg 2017 (PMC11119534)","(c) ISFM and AAFP 2017 (free via PMC)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11119534\u002F",{"claims":282,"source":1938,"source_url":1939,"harvested_by":285,"retrieved_at":286},"ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension in Cats, J Feline Med Surg 2017 (PMC11119534; full text read from the SAGE PDF)","https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fpdf\u002F10.1177\u002F1098612X17693500",{"claims":32,"source":587,"licence":34,"source_url":588,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},[1942,1943],{"id":433,"documentId":434,"slug":435,"name":436,"heading":437},{"id":462,"documentId":463,"slug":464,"name":464,"heading":465},{"title":1945,"id":1946,"documentId":1947,"heading":1948,"slug":1949,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":11,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1950,"drugs":1960},"Toxoplasmosis",331,"r1026hsasf1pwerkvapousw4","داء المقوسات","toxoplasmosis",[1951,1954,1957],{"claims":32,"source":1952,"licence":34,"source_url":1953,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Toxoplasmosis in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Ftoxoplasmosis\u002Ftoxoplasmosis-in-animals",{"claims":32,"source":1955,"licence":34,"source_url":1956,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"CFSPH Iowa State University - Toxoplasmosis factsheet (2017)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Ftoxoplasmosis.pdf",{"claims":32,"source":1958,"licence":34,"source_url":1959,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.10.8 Toxoplasmosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.10.08_TOXO.pdf",[1961],{"id":1710,"documentId":1711,"slug":1712,"name":1713,"heading":1714},{"title":1963,"id":1964,"documentId":1965,"heading":1966,"slug":1967,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1968,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1969,"drugs":1985},"Urinary tract infection",317,"kvl4hf3ri3woskokfd2sluaq","التهاب المسالك البولية","urinary-tract-infection","تشمل البنى المرتبطة بالعدوى الإحليل والمثانة والكليتين، إذ قد تحدث العدوى في أي موضع من الإحليل إلى الكليتين، وتصعد البكتيريا من الإحليل القاصي إلى الإحليل القريب السليم عادةً والمثانة والمسالك البولية العلوية.",[1970,1975,1979,1982],{"claims":1971,"source":1972,"licence":1973,"source_url":1974,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"E. coli commonest in dogs, bacterial entry mechanism, dog signs, dog risk factors, urinalysis and cystocentesis culture, treat only dogs with signs, quick resolution, recurrence definition, managing predisposing factors","Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Riney Canine Health Center - Urinary tract infections","not stated on source page (copyright Cornell University)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vet.cornell.edu\u002Fdepartments-centers-and-institutes\u002Friney-canine-health-center\u002Fcanine-health-information\u002Furinary-tract-infections",{"claims":1976,"source":1977,"licence":1978,"source_url":605,"harvested_by":19,"retrieved_at":20},"definitions, feline prevalence and risk factors, host defences, E. coli virulence and organism spectrum, pyelonephritis signs, cystocentesis and culture threshold, idiopathic cystitis\u002Furolithiasis\u002Fneoplasia exclusion, susceptibility-guided treatment, subclinical bacteriuria not treated and survival, prevention evidence","Dorsch, Teichmann-Knorrn and Sjetne Lund - Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: a clinical update (Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2019, PMC6826873)","CC BY-NC 4.0 (c) ISFM and AAFP 2019",{"claims":32,"source":1980,"licence":34,"source_url":1981,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Pharmacotherapeutics in Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fpharmacology\u002Fsystemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-urinary-system\u002Fbacterial-urinary-tract-infections",{"claims":32,"source":1983,"licence":34,"source_url":1984,"harvested_by":36,"retrieved_at":37},"Weese et al. - ISCAID guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats (The Veterinary Journal, 2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F30971357\u002F",[1986,1987,1988,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,2003,2004,2010,2011],{"id":326,"documentId":327,"slug":328,"name":329,"heading":330},{"id":629,"documentId":630,"slug":631,"name":632,"heading":633},{"id":1989,"documentId":1990,"slug":1991,"name":1991,"heading":1992},1909,"iqrgemkqtmsyyluwq4ik5l55","hetacillin","هيتاسيلين",{"id":635,"documentId":636,"slug":637,"name":637,"heading":638},{"id":617,"documentId":618,"slug":619,"name":620,"heading":621},{"id":340,"documentId":341,"slug":342,"name":343,"heading":344},{"id":394,"documentId":395,"slug":396,"name":397,"heading":398},{"id":1998,"documentId":1999,"slug":2000,"name":2001,"heading":2002},1910,"ol3t9izccd7ldu0y6p8q4xwp","ceftiofur","Ceftiofur","سيفتيوفور",{"id":194,"documentId":195,"slug":196,"name":197,"heading":198},{"id":2005,"documentId":2006,"slug":2007,"name":2008,"heading":2009},1956,"hqg7s6m13d7m7ip4w67ptjv8","marbofloxacin","Marbofloxacin","ماربوفلوكساسين",{"id":216,"documentId":217,"slug":218,"name":219,"heading":220},{"id":200,"documentId":201,"slug":202,"name":203,"heading":204},{"pagination":2013,"applied":2017,"facets":2021},{"page":2014,"pageSize":2015,"pageCount":2014,"total":2016},1,50,48,{"sort":2018,"species":2019},"alpha",[2020],"dog",{"species":2022,"zoonotic":2075},[2023,2025,2029,2033,2037,2041,2045,2049,2053,2057,2061,2064,2068,2072],{"slug":2020,"label":2024,"label_ar":11,"count":2016},"Dog",{"slug":2026,"label":2027,"label_ar":11,"count":2028},"cattle","Cattle",43,{"slug":2030,"label":2031,"label_ar":11,"count":2032},"domestic-cat","Domestic cat",38,{"slug":2034,"label":2035,"label_ar":11,"count":2036},"sheep","Sheep",34,{"slug":2038,"label":2039,"label_ar":11,"count":2040},"goat","Goat",31,{"slug":2042,"label":2043,"label_ar":11,"count":2044},"horse","Horse",29,{"slug":2046,"label":2047,"label_ar":11,"count":2048},"camel","Camel",21,{"slug":2050,"label":2051,"label_ar":11,"count":2052},"pig","Pig",16,{"slug":2054,"label":2055,"label_ar":11,"count":2056},"chicken","Chicken",15,{"slug":2058,"label":2059,"label_ar":11,"count":2060},"turkey","Turkey",12,{"slug":2062,"label":2063,"label_ar":11,"count":2060},"buffalo","Buffalo",{"slug":2065,"label":2066,"label_ar":11,"count":2067},"deer","Deer",10,{"slug":2069,"label":2070,"label_ar":11,"count":2071},"red-fox","Red fox",6,{"slug":2073,"label":2074,"label_ar":11,"count":2071},"ass","Ass",[2076],{"slug":2077,"label":2077,"count":2078},"true",5]