[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reference-medical-conditions-{\"species\":\"goat\"}":3},{"data":4,"meta":1485},[5,107,174,231,388,447,484,508,530,561,610,639,668,703,772,814,855,900,946,977,1013,1038,1062,1085,1132,1178,1218,1245,1415,1433,1456],{"title":6,"id":7,"documentId":8,"heading":9,"slug":10,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":12,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":14,"drugs":73},"Anaplasmosis",293,"cjkmjqu2zevxweofeb9inwzc","داء الأنابلازما","anaplasmosis",null,"تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بداء الأنابلازما لدى المجترات كريات الدم الحمراء، والأغشية المخاطية، والطحال والكبد والمرارة والعقد اللمفية الكبدية والمنصفية لدى الأبقار النافقة، والجهاز التناسلي، إذ قد يحدث الإجهاض لدى الإناث والعقم المؤقت لدى الذكور. تصيب Anaplasma platys لدى الكلبيات الصفيحات الدموية والخلايا المنوّاة العملاقة (megakaryocytes)، وتمسّ في الكلاب العين والغشاء المخاطي للفم والجلد والعقد اللمفية والطحال، بينما تصيب A. phagocytophilum العدلات لدى فقاريات مختلفة.",true,[15,22,27,32,36,40,45,50,54,61,64,67,70],{"claims":16,"source":17,"licence":18,"source_url":19,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"genus taxonomy, A. marginale in red cells, tick and mechanical vectors, no human infection with A. marginale, distinction from babesiosis, A. centrale vaccine","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024 - Chapter 3.4.1 Bovine anaplasmosis","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.01_BOVINE_ANAPLASMOSIS.pdf","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":23,"source":24,"licence":25,"source_url":26,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. phagocytophilum as human pathogen carried by Ixodes ticks, tick prevention, doxycycline as treatment of choice in people","CDC - About Anaplasmosis","not stated on source page (US federal government work)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fanaplasmosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":28,"source":29,"licence":30,"source_url":31,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. platys and A. phagocytophilum target cells, vectors, host range, clinical signs in dogs, co-infections, tetracyclines, acaricides, zoonotic status","Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control of Canine Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia and Granulocytic Anaplasmosis - Europe PMC full text","CC BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8705095\u002F",{"claims":33,"source":34,"licence":30,"source_url":35,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. ovis in red cells, signs in small ruminants, Tunisian prevalence and vectors, seasonality","Anaplasma ovis Prevalence Assessment and Cross Validation Using Multiparametric Screening Approach in Sheep from Central Tunisia - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9693597\u002F",{"claims":37,"source":38,"licence":30,"source_url":39,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"A. marginale prevalence and July peak in northern Algeria","Bovine piroplasmosis-anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (north Algeria) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7738714\u002F",{"claims":41,"source":42,"licence":43,"source_url":44,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"adult cattle mortality, early tetracycline treatment, clinical signs","University of Illinois Extension - Anaplasmosis (Beef Cattle)","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.illinois.edu\u002Fbeef-cattle\u002Fanaplasmosis",{"claims":46,"source":47,"licence":48,"source_url":49,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"age-related severity, needle transmission, transplacental carriers, herd-addition testing","Alabama Cooperative Extension System - Bovine Anaplasmosis","(c) 2026 Alabama Cooperative Extension System","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aces.edu\u002Fblog\u002Ftopics\u002Fbeef\u002Fbovine-anaplasmosis\u002F",{"claims":51,"source":52,"licence":43,"source_url":53,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms A. ovis in sheep and goats, extravascular red-cell destruction, necropsy lesions, ruminant differentials","MSD Veterinary Manual - Anaplasmosis in Ruminants (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Fanaplasmosis-in-ruminants",{"claims":55,"source":56,"licence":57,"source_url":58,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Arabic article (body)","MSD Veterinary Manual - Anaplasmosis in Ruminants","facts cited; the Arabic article is original text","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Fanaplasmosis-in-ruminants","apply-chain-articles.cjs","2026-10-14",{"claims":55,"source":62,"licence":57,"source_url":63,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3367650\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":65,"licence":57,"source_url":66,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Anaplasma platys beyond canines: a systematic review of host range, phylogenetic relatedness, and knowledge gaps in Africa (Parasites & Vectors, 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13020140\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":68,"licence":57,"source_url":69,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Anaplasma phagocytophilum - a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies (Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3717505\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":71,"licence":57,"source_url":72,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Opening the black box of Anaplasma phagocytophilum diversity: current situation and future perspectives (Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4536383\u002F",[74,79,85,91,96,101],{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},2094,"it07okh9q018mzk26lcmwctw","chlortetracycline","كلورتتراسيكلين",{"id":80,"documentId":81,"slug":82,"name":83,"heading":84},2124,"ffmipbw0zab57q6fzpuqjz4s","enrofloxacin","Enrofloxacin","إنروفلوكساسين",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},2180,"mobwje6owluqel8b1iwtnnj6","oxytetracycline","Oxytetracycline","أوكسي تتراسيكلين",{"id":92,"documentId":93,"slug":94,"name":94,"heading":95},1938,"vmr1amidiikn44p5wfuwkk04","imidocarb","إيميدوكارب",{"id":97,"documentId":98,"slug":99,"name":99,"heading":100},2225,"caokmdlctsumv3pue1d5tlea","tetracycline","تتراسيكلين",{"id":102,"documentId":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"heading":106},2119,"qz64jsk6gakygq5c26u8crhn","doxycycline","Doxycycline","دوكسيسيكلين",{"title":108,"id":109,"documentId":110,"heading":111,"slug":112,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":113,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":114,"drugs":137},"Anthrax",300,"qq5jnjusd9g94oai5ixdfqn0","الجمرة الخبيثة","anthrax","تنتقل عصيات الجمرة الخبيثة (anthrax) عبر القنوات اللمفاوية إلى العقد اللمفاوية ثم تنتشر في الدوران مسببة تسمم الدم وإصابة الأعضاء الداخلية، وتشمل الآفات بعد النفوق الطحال المتضخم اللين، والنزوف على السطوح المصلية للبطن والصدر وعلى النخاب والشغاف ومخاطية القناة الهضمية، واحتقان الكبد والكليتين والعقد اللمفاوية وتضخمها. تتأثر كذلك الأنسجة تحت الجلد والحلق، فقد تظهر وذمة حول الحلق والرقبة، وتورمات وذمية تحت الجلد لدى بعض المجترات في أسفل الرقبة والصدر والكتفين وأحيانًا الأعضاء التناسلية، ويتورم الحلق في الخنازير عند إصابة البلعوم الفموي، وقد توجد آفات في العقد اللمفاوية الرقبية واللوزتين لدى خنازير سليمة ظاهريًا عند الذبح. تشمل المواضع الأخرى الأمعاء، إذ قد تسبب إصابتها فقدان الشهية والقيء والإسهال الدموي أحيانًا أو الإمساك، والرئتين لدى الخنانيص التي تصاب بالشكل الرئوي باستنشاق الغبار الملوث، والجلد فيما بدا شكلًا جلديًا لدى بعض الأبقار الملقحة سابقًا خلال فاشية في كندا.",[115,119,123,128,134],{"claims":116,"source":117,"licence":18,"source_url":118,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, spore persistence, host range, ingestion route, worldwide distribution, species signs, carcass signs, diagnosis, vaccination, antibiotics, carcass control, zoonosis, WOAH-listed","WOAH - Anthrax disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fanthrax\u002F",{"claims":120,"source":121,"licence":30,"source_url":122,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis and toxins, susceptibility order, endemic regions and weather triggers, clinical signs, necropsy findings, differentials, field antibiotics, poor prognosis, Sterne vaccine, carcass disposal","Review of anthrax: A disease of farm animals (open-access review, PMC9298093)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9298093\u002F",{"claims":124,"source":125,"licence":126,"source_url":127,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"soil reservoir worldwide, affected livestock and wildlife, animal infection routes, human exposure routes","CDC - About Anthrax","US government public domain (not stated on page)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fanthrax\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":129,"source":130,"source_url":131,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Arabic structured fields","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Anthrax factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fanthrax.pdf","apply-condition-fields.cjs","2026-10-04",{"claims":55,"source":135,"licence":57,"source_url":136,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2023, Chapter 3.1.1 Anthrax","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.01_ANTHRAX.pdf",[138,144,145,151,156,157,163,169],{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},2183,"y0tgzdbbrz7imizicaywhnai","penicillin-g","penicillin g","بنزيل بنسلين (بنسلين جي)",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":146,"documentId":147,"slug":148,"name":149,"heading":150},1911,"g9i9kikubhghq3lnvllckule","amoxicillin","Amoxicillin","أموكسيسيلين",{"id":152,"documentId":153,"slug":154,"name":154,"heading":155},2092,"mwwwqryf0hwpovm4p5ndp5j2","chloramphenicol","كلورامفينيكول",{"id":102,"documentId":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"heading":106},{"id":158,"documentId":159,"slug":160,"name":161,"heading":162},1912,"wjanoxggjve411i0xbpdef6k","erythromycin","Erythromycin","إريثروميسين",{"id":164,"documentId":165,"slug":166,"name":167,"heading":168},2135,"nqfxsr4fu8sgjqu61jdrk5pf","gentamicin","Gentamicin","جنتاميسين",{"id":170,"documentId":171,"slug":172,"name":172,"heading":173},2217,"aaalqn43b5cr32eqsyzq1u9o","streptomycin","ستربتومايسين",{"title":175,"id":176,"documentId":177,"heading":178,"slug":179,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":180,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":181,"drugs":212},"Caprine arthritis\u002Fencephalitis",266,"sqo79krjkkoqkqf9sn4edmzq","التهاب المفاصل والدماغ الفيروسي في الماعز","caprine-arthritis-encephalitis","تتركز الإصابة في المفاصل (وأكثرها إصابةً مفاصل الرسغ) وغشائها الزلالي، والضرع، والرئتين مع العقد اللمفية القصبية التي تتضخم دائمًا، والجهاز العصبي المركزي بما فيه الضفيرة المشيمية والحبل الشوكي الذي تقع آفاته غالبًا في قطعتيه العنقية والقطنية العجزية، فضلًا عن خلايا سلالة الوحيدات والبلعميات التي يستهدفها الفيروس.",[182,186,191,195,199,203,208],{"claims":183,"source":184,"licence":18,"source_url":185,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"lentivirus related to maedi-visna, colostrum\u002Fmilk and respiratory transmission, distribution with European dairy breeds, clinical forms, mostly asymptomatic, no vaccine, not zoonotic, WOAH-listed","WOAH - Caprine arthritis\u002Fencephalitis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fcaprine-arthritis-encephalitis\u002F",{"claims":187,"source":188,"licence":189,"source_url":190,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"monocyte\u002Fmacrophage tropism, maturation-dependent expression, mononuclear infiltration, lifelong integrated infection, organs affected, progression over months to years, fatal outcome, test and cull","Retroviral Infections in Sheep and Goats: Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Host Interaction (PMC3761241)","not captured from source page","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3761241\u002F",{"claims":192,"source":193,"licence":189,"source_url":194,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"long eclipse phase, four clinical forms, Iranian PCR prevalence and herd figures, year-round transmission, no treatment or vaccine","First molecular prevalence study of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats from Western Iran (PMC13314359)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13314359\u002F",{"claims":196,"source":197,"licence":43,"source_url":198,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"age-based forms, kid and adult signs, transmission routes incl. instruments and in utero, no recovery once clinical, quarantine and testing protocol","Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University - CAE (caprine arthritis encephalitis)","https:\u002F\u002Fwaddl.vetmed.wsu.edu\u002F2023\u002F02\u002F07\u002Fcae-caprine-arthritis-encephalitis\u002F",{"claims":200,"source":201,"licence":189,"source_url":202,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"sheep and goats affected, perinatal, venereal and iatrogenic transmission, asymptomatic carriers, control by pasteurisation, AI, equipment sterilisation","Further Insights Into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis: seroprevalence among small ruminants in Peninsular Malaysia (PMC8300945)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8300945\u002F",{"claims":204,"source":205,"licence":206,"source_url":207,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms kid neurological form age, arthritis and hard udder signs, interstitial pneumonia, no vaccine, heat-treated colostrum and test-and-cull control","MSD Veterinary Manual - Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis","not stated on source page; confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Fcaprine-arthritis-and-encephalitis\u002Fcaprine-arthritis-and-encephalitis",{"claims":55,"source":209,"licence":57,"source_url":210,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":211},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual, chapter 3.8.2 Caprine arthritis\u002Fencephalitis and maedi-visna","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.02_CAE_MV.pdf","2026-10-03",[213,219,225],{"id":214,"documentId":215,"slug":216,"name":217,"heading":218},1918,"rdw9hjrcoc9mdm6nw02c3d3z","meloxicam","Meloxicam","ميلوكسيكام",{"id":220,"documentId":221,"slug":222,"name":223,"heading":224},1919,"g77jcvm2n9m2ttny703q6mdp","flunixin-meglumine","Flunixin Meglumine","فلونيكسين ميغلومين",{"id":226,"documentId":227,"slug":228,"name":229,"heading":230},1951,"r3mwzolndoj9di8qoyu2uwnd","phenylbutazone","Phenylbutazone","فينيل بيوتازون",{"title":232,"id":233,"documentId":234,"heading":235,"slug":236,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":237,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":238,"drugs":294},"Coccidiosis",255,"pqc2vvukzzr9qznu8mv8wc0t","داء الأكريات","coccidiosis","تشمل الإصابة الظهارة المبطنة للأمعاء والنسيج الضام تحتها في الغشاء المخاطي، والأمعاء الدقيقة أو الغليظة بحسب نوع الأكريات مع الأعور، والزغابات المعوية والصفيحة المخصوصة وتحت المخاطية، ويُصاب الكبد أيضًا في الأرانب.",[239,244,249,254,258,261,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,291],{"claims":240,"source":241,"licence":242,"source_url":243,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms agents and host specificity, life cycle and damage, large versus small intestine severity, oocyst survival, risk factors, signs, lesions, oocyst count interpretation, differentials, low mortality and self-limiting course, management, poultry-only vaccines","MSD Veterinary Manual - Overview of Coccidiosis in Animals","not stated on source page (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Foverview-of-coccidiosis-in-animals",{"claims":245,"source":246,"licence":247,"source_url":248,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology (young animals around weaning, adult immunity, faecal-oral route, oocyst survival up to a year), sign_or_symptom in sheep and goats, prevention (sanitation, coccidiostat supplements)","Mississippi State University Extension Service - Educational Tips for Farmers: Coccidia (Eimeria spp.) in Sheep and Goats","not stated on source page (educational use notice)","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.msstate.edu\u002Fpublications\u002Feducational-tips-for-farmers-coccidia-eimeria-spp-sheep-and-goats",{"claims":250,"source":251,"licence":252,"source_url":253,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"poultry pathophysiology (seven Eimeria species by gut section, mucosal destruction and leakage), 24-48 h sporulation, risk factors, signs and mortality, subclinical losses, lesion scoring, differentials, anticoccidial resistance, vaccines, litter management","Ahmad R et al. (2024) Management and control of coccidiosis in poultry - A review, Animal Bioscience, via PubMed Central","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10766461\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":255,"licence":57,"source_url":256,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Noack S, Chapman HD, Selzer PM. Anticoccidial drugs of the livestock industry. Parasitol Res 2019","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6611755\u002F","2026-09-29",{"claims":55,"source":259,"licence":57,"source_url":260,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Cats and Dogs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-cats-and-dogs",{"claims":55,"source":262,"licence":57,"source_url":263,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis in Poultry","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fpoultry\u002Fcoccidiosis-in-poultry\u002Fcoccidiosis-in-poultry",{"claims":55,"source":265,"licence":57,"source_url":266,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Cattle","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":268,"licence":57,"source_url":269,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Sheep","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-sheep",{"claims":55,"source":271,"licence":57,"source_url":272,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Goats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-goats",{"claims":55,"source":274,"licence":57,"source_url":275,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Coccidiosis: recent advancements in the immunobiology of Eimeria species, preventive measures, and the importance of vaccination as a control tool against these Apicomplexan parasites. Vet Med (Auckl) 2014","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7337151\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":277,"licence":57,"source_url":278,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Coccidiosis of Pigs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fcoccidiosis\u002Fcoccidiosis-of-pigs",{"claims":55,"source":280,"licence":57,"source_url":281,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Parasitic Diseases of Rabbits","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fexotic-and-laboratory-animals\u002Frabbits\u002Fparasitic-diseases-of-rabbits",{"claims":55,"source":283,"licence":57,"source_url":284,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual (pet owner version), Digestive Disorders of Rabbits","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fall-other-pets\u002Frabbits\u002Fdigestive-disorders-of-rabbits",{"claims":55,"source":286,"licence":57,"source_url":287,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Blake DP et al. Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Vet Res 2020","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7488756\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":289,"licence":57,"source_url":290,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Chapman HD, Jeffers TK. Vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis ameliorates drug resistance in commercial poultry production. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2014","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4266793\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":292,"licence":57,"source_url":293,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Vaccines against chicken coccidiosis with particular reference to previous decade: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Parasitol Res 2022","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9362588\u002F",[295,300,305,310,315,320,325,330,335,340,345,350,355,361,367,373,378,383,387],{"id":296,"documentId":297,"slug":298,"name":298,"heading":299},1920,"ukrcetiakgmj79kjz7hapte6","narasin","نارازين",{"id":301,"documentId":302,"slug":303,"name":303,"heading":304},1915,"fpmxum4xpqrlgidd7ob6tsug","sulfamethazine","سلفاميثازين",{"id":306,"documentId":307,"slug":308,"name":308,"heading":309},1921,"rdytkkdoyygm1b9x0vhzx8vr","sulfadimethoxine","سلفاديميثوكسين",{"id":311,"documentId":312,"slug":313,"name":313,"heading":314},1922,"ctr6haixi9ym34h5sx8tylkj","semduramicin","سيمدوراميسين",{"id":316,"documentId":317,"slug":318,"name":318,"heading":319},1923,"ccy56tdso78lf2w4vbq1d10t","salinomycin","سالينومايسين",{"id":321,"documentId":322,"slug":323,"name":323,"heading":324},1924,"qtptqdg4mgq3stzt28emc7is","robenidine","روبينيدين",{"id":326,"documentId":327,"slug":328,"name":328,"heading":329},1925,"c42wgymv3bch7n19vd2jwlox","maduramicin","مادوراميسين",{"id":331,"documentId":332,"slug":333,"name":333,"heading":334},1926,"oncckw3kfbbkr0qxkdfvkjlc","lasalocid","لاسالوسيد",{"id":336,"documentId":337,"slug":338,"name":338,"heading":339},1927,"gack73i1osk8keyie3nxoc3x","halofuginone","هالوفوجينون",{"id":341,"documentId":342,"slug":343,"name":343,"heading":344},1928,"g7a0hhpb3fpwd4h6d5zox90l","diclazuril","ديكلازوريل",{"id":346,"documentId":347,"slug":348,"name":348,"heading":349},1929,"wupwru8c19x07snk3wfw8tog","decoquinate","ديكوكوينات",{"id":351,"documentId":352,"slug":353,"name":353,"heading":354},1930,"bvphlyso2ctltkof15fli8v2","clopidol","كلوبيدول",{"id":356,"documentId":357,"slug":358,"name":359,"heading":360},1931,"h8qnb1zard7o7habzqxgtdo2","amprolium","Amprolium","أمبروليوم",{"id":362,"documentId":363,"slug":364,"name":365,"heading":366},1932,"k8uteimqynpxcj7djd68ua32","tolturazuril","Tolturazuril","تولترازوريل",{"id":368,"documentId":369,"slug":370,"name":371,"heading":372},1933,"iuzy3nezqu1dihzlmhgxw546","monensin","Monensin","مونينسين",{"id":374,"documentId":375,"slug":376,"name":376,"heading":377},2126,"s0qsmgtbgv5jfw2fsneehdei","ethopabate","إيثوبابيت",{"id":379,"documentId":380,"slug":381,"name":381,"heading":382},2002,"z2pz8cfgnf5940p9sahi9ie1","nicarbazin","نيكاربازين",{"id":384,"documentId":385,"slug":386,"name":386,"heading":366},1995,"vpxw9cuwzenip8uix55ouchu","toltrazuril",{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},{"title":389,"id":390,"documentId":391,"heading":392,"slug":393,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":394,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":395,"drugs":415},"Contagious agalactia",301,"wpernqlza2zov5wdokmxboho","انعدام اللبن المعدي","contagious-agalactia","تنتشر الكائنات المسببة لانعدام اللبن المعدي (Contagious agalactia) بعد تكاثرها الأولي عبر الدوران إلى أعضاء حيوية عدة، منها الغدد الثديية والمفاصل والعيون والرئتان، بحسب Kumar وزملائه. يكون الضرع المصاب ضامرًا بوضوح في جانب واحد أو في الجانبين، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري. تكون محافظ المفاصل المصابة وذمية وقد يحوي الغشاء الزليلي كتل فبرين. يظهر في التهاب القرنية المبكر وذمة في القرنية، ثم يمتد إفراز قيحي غزير إلى الجسم الهدبي (ciliary body) أيضًا. تُلاحَظ إصابة الأعضاء التناسلية مع إجهاض أو ولادات ميتة أحيانًا في الحيوانات الحوامل، ويعود ذلك أساسًا إلى التهاب الرحم، بحسب Kumar وزملائه. تُعزل الميكوبلازما من الأذن لدى الحيوانات التي أصيبت بعدوى جهازية، بحسب دليل MSD البيطري. يذكر دليل المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH) أن عينات الحيوانات النافقة ينبغي أن تشمل الضرع وعقده اللمفية وسائل المفصل. تضاف إلى ذلك عينات من نسيج الرئة عند الحد الفاصل بين المريض والسليم ومن سائل الجنب والتامور، بحسب الدليل نفسه.",[396,400,405,409,412],{"claims":397,"source":398,"licence":18,"source_url":399,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agents, hosts, distribution incl. North Africa and Iran, clinical signs and proportions, kid mortality, bulk milk testing, putrid milk with M. putrefaciens, vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.8.3 Contagious agalactia (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.03_CONT_AGALACT.pdf",{"claims":401,"source":402,"licence":403,"source_url":404,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis, MENA countries, transmission routes, carrier shedding, seasonality, incubation, clinical signs, vaccines, culling","Kumar A et al. Mycoplasma agalactiae, an Etiological Agent of Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants: A Review. Veterinary Medicine International, 2014","Creative Commons Attribution License","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4109668\u002F",{"claims":406,"source":407,"licence":43,"source_url":408,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms distribution, transmission, lesions, differential diagnoses, carrier status after treatment, prevention measures","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fcontagious-agalactia\u002Fcontagious-agalactia-in-small-ruminants",{"claims":55,"source":410,"licence":57,"source_url":411,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH - Contagious agalactia disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fcontagious-agalactia\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":413,"licence":57,"source_url":414,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Contagious Agalactia factsheet (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fcontagious_agalactia.pdf",[416,417,423,429,435,440,446],{"id":97,"documentId":98,"slug":99,"name":99,"heading":100},{"id":418,"documentId":419,"slug":420,"name":421,"heading":422},2049,"r3x6vc1epkgy3bywobl4lcmq","clindamycin","Clindamycin","كليندامايسين",{"id":424,"documentId":425,"slug":426,"name":427,"heading":428},1957,"a0az89mj38wbq00g41lxm6fp","florfenicol","Florfenicol","فلورفينيكول",{"id":430,"documentId":431,"slug":432,"name":433,"heading":434},2249,"yx9kqwicf3dals62qrgdso0h","tylosin","Tylosin","تايلوسين",{"id":436,"documentId":437,"slug":438,"name":438,"heading":439},1993,"iqux9z6p0zu7kk5calv9rzp4","tiamulin","تيامولين",{"id":441,"documentId":442,"slug":443,"name":444,"heading":445},2034,"bk9ofc0uev0wh5nouedqypoc","tilmicosin","Tilmicosin","تيلميكوسين",{"id":80,"documentId":81,"slug":82,"name":83,"heading":84},{"title":448,"id":449,"documentId":450,"heading":451,"slug":452,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":453,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":454,"drugs":467},"Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia",302,"fhwiskky1abevahs9elbiaue","ذات الجنب والرئة المعدية عند الماعز","contagious-caprine-pleuropneumonia","تتمثل الآفات الرئيسية لذات الجنب والرئة المعدية عند الماعز (CCPP)، بحسب مراجعة شاملة في مجلة The Veterinary Quarterly، في ترسب الفبرين في التجويف الجنبي ونضح السوائل وتجمعها فيه (hydrothorax). تتميز الرئة نسيجيًا بالتهاب رئوي خلالي مع وذمة خلالية داخل الفصيصات. يفضل دليل المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH) أخذ عينات التشريح من آفات الرئة، خاصة عند الحد الفاصل بين المنطقة المتصلبة وغير المتصلبة. يُدرج الدليل أيضًا سائل الجنب والعقد اللمفية المنصفية بين العينات المفضلة. قد تتأثر الخلايا الظهارية المخاطية وأهدابها أيضًا، إذ قد تتضمن آلية الإمراض شلل الأهداب وتغيرها وفقدانها وتدمير هذه الخلايا.",[455,459,463],{"claims":456,"source":457,"licence":18,"source_url":458,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, lesions, host range incl. wildlife in Qatar and UAE, isolation countries, differentials, vaccine type, not zoonotic","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.8.4 Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.04_CCPP.pdf",{"claims":460,"source":461,"licence":18,"source_url":462,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"listed status, species, unilateral pleuropneumonia, vaccines, not zoonotic","WOAH - Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fcontagious-caprine-pleuropneumonia\u002F",{"claims":464,"source":465,"licence":30,"source_url":466,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis, aerosol transmission, clinical forms, fever range, morbidity and mortality, necropsy findings, carriers","The Veterinary Quarterly (2019) - Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: a comprehensive review (PMC6830973)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6830973\u002F",[468,474,475,476,477,478,479,483],{"id":469,"documentId":470,"slug":471,"name":472,"heading":473},2109,"p5u6g1lojdcbfi267y304mvb","danofloxacin","Danofloxacin","دانوفلوكساسين",{"id":430,"documentId":431,"slug":432,"name":433,"heading":434},{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":80,"documentId":81,"slug":82,"name":83,"heading":84},{"id":170,"documentId":171,"slug":172,"name":172,"heading":173},{"id":436,"documentId":437,"slug":438,"name":438,"heading":439},{"id":480,"documentId":481,"slug":482,"name":482,"heading":11},1856,"hvvq0o2q8zlfxu4mvql0gehc","dihydrostreptomycin",{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},{"title":485,"id":486,"documentId":487,"heading":488,"slug":489,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":490,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":491,"drugs":504},"Haemorrhagic septicaemia (Pasteurella multocida serotypes 6:b and 6:e)",303,"xg8qxlf8s3h1ym0ycw7d9w8n","تعفن الدم النزفي","haemorrhagic-septicaemia-pasteurella-multocida-serotypes-6b-and","يحدث تورم الرأس والعنق والصدر في الحالات كلها تقريباً، وقد تُرى نزوف نقطية متناثرة في الأنسجة والعقد اللمفية ولا سيما البلعومية والعنقية، وهي غالباً متورمة ونازفة، بحسب بطاقة المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH) عن تعفن الدم النزفي (HS). تكون الرئتان محتقنتين ووذميتين على نحو منتشر وقد تحتويان على نزوف، بحسب مركز الأمن الغذائي والصحة العامة. تشيع النزوف النقطية في الأعضاء الداخلية، ولا سيما على سطوحها المصلية، وفق المركز نفسه. غالباً يحتوي التجويفان الصدري والبطني وكيس التامور على سائل مشوب بالدم، بحسب المركز نفسه. قد توجد نزوف كدمية على القلب خاصة، وقد يكون الجهاز الهضمي لدى بعض الحيوانات محتقناً مع نزوف نقطية وكدمية في الأنفحة (abomasum) والأمعاء أحياناً. قد تحتفظ بعض الحيوانات المصابة بـ Pasteurella multocida في اللوزتين وأنسجة لمفية أخرى مرتبطة بالجهاز التنفسي العلوي، بحسب مركز الأمن الغذائي والصحة العامة.",[492,496,501],{"claims":493,"source":494,"licence":18,"source_url":495,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"aetiology and serotypes, hosts, MENA serotype distribution, transmission, carriers, seasonality, incubation, clinical course, lesions, endotoxic shock, differentials, fatality, treatment timing, vaccines, public health","WOAH - Technical Disease Card: Haemorrhagic septicaemia (updated January 2021)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FAnimal_Health_in_the_World\u002Fdocs\u002Fpdf\u002FDisease_cards\u002FHAEMORRHAGIC_SEPTICEMIA.pdf",{"claims":497,"source":498,"licence":499,"source_url":500,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms agent, host range incl. camels and saiga, carriage in tonsils and stress shedding, clinical signs, necropsy lesions, early antibiotics, fatality, vaccination, stamping out, no human B:2\u002FE:2 cases","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Hemorrhagic Septicemia factsheet (2019)","(c) 2005-2019 CFSPH; no reuse grant - used for confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fhemorrhagic_septicemia.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":502,"licence":57,"source_url":503,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH - Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fhaemorrhagic-septicaemia\u002F",[505,506,507],{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":139,"documentId":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"heading":143},{"id":170,"documentId":171,"slug":172,"name":172,"heading":173},{"title":509,"id":510,"documentId":511,"heading":512,"slug":513,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":514,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":515,"drugs":528},"Heartwater",264,"u2uuu0xzrwn53fvukuawockq","مرض الماء القلبي","heartwater","تشمل الإصابة البطانة الوعائية ولا سيما الخلايا البطانية لشعيرات الدماغ، والدماغ، والتأمور والقلب (النخاب والشغاف)، والتجويف الصدري والرئتين، والعقد اللمفية المنصفية والقصبية، والأمعاء، والطحال.",[516,520,525],{"claims":517,"source":518,"licence":18,"source_url":519,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and taxonomy, Amblyomma vectors, distribution, host susceptibility, mortality up to 90%, carriers, suspected human cases, incubation, clinical signs, necropsy lesions, differential diagnosis, brain smear and PCR diagnosis, serology limits, vaccine status, import precautions; human infection only suspected (contradicts review)","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.1.9 Heartwater","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.09_HEARTWATER.pdf",{"claims":521,"source":522,"licence":523,"source_url":524,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"biphasic developmental cycle, endothelial damage causing congestion, hydrothorax and hydropericardium, vectors incl. R. microplus in West Africa, threat to American mainland, mortality up to 90% in naive animals, early treatment with sulfonamides and tetracyclines, experimental vaccines limited by diversity; states human cases reported (contradicts WOAH)","Microbiology (2023) - Microbe Profile: Ehrlichia ruminantium - stealthy as it goes (PMC10710844)","Creative Commons Attribution License (open access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10710844\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":526,"licence":57,"source_url":527,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":211},"WOAH - Heartwater disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fheartwater\u002F",[529],{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"title":531,"id":532,"documentId":533,"heading":534,"slug":535,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":536,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":537,"drugs":560},"Infection with bluetongue virus",298,"h6aldl3jijnbllx86qo4nwp0","داء اللسان الأزرق","infection-with-bluetongue-virus","يُلاحظ في داء اللسان الأزرق (bluetongue) احتقان ووذمة ونزوف وتقرحات في الأغشية المخاطية الهضمية والتنفسية، ومنها مخاطية الفم والمريء والمعدة والأمعاء والرغامى، بحسب المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). تتأثر المعدات الأمامية والفم في حالات كثيرة بنزوف وتآكلات أو قرح، ولا سيما في مواضع الاحتكاك الميكانيكي. قد يحتوي التجويف الصدري وكيس التامور على كميات كبيرة من سائل شبيه بالبلازما. تُعدّ النزوف عند قاعدة الشريان الرئوي من الموجودات المميزة في داء اللسان الأزرق. يتميز داء اللسان الأزرق في الأغنام بوذمة معممة ونزوف في العضلات الهيكلية وأعضاء داخلية متنوعة. يمكن كشف فيروس اللسان الأزرق في الدم وفي أعضاء منها الطحال والرئة والكبد.",[538,542,547,552,557],{"claims":539,"source":540,"licence":18,"source_url":541,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (classification, no persistence, severity factors), epidemiology, sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis, expected_prognosis (30-70%, course), primary_prevention, associated_anatomy","WOAH Technical Disease Card: Bluetongue (updated January 2021)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Fbluetongue.pdf",{"claims":543,"source":544,"licence":545,"source_url":546,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology (hosts, semen\u002Fplacenta, listed and reportable, no public health risk), primary_prevention","WOAH disease page: Bluetongue","(c) WOAH 2026, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbluetongue\u002F",{"claims":548,"source":549,"licence":550,"source_url":551,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms signs, necropsy lesions, vaccines and vector control; case fatality typically under 30% (disagrees with WOAH card); camel and Arabian oryx infections","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University: Bluetongue factsheet (October 2023)","(c) 2003-2023 CFSPH; no reuse grant, used for confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbluetongue.pdf",{"claims":553,"source":554,"licence":555,"source_url":556,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (endothelial damage, systemic haemorrhagic fever, pulmonary oedema)","Veterinary Research (2024): Whole-transcriptome analyses of ovine lung microvascular endothelial cells infected with bluetongue virus (via Europe PMC, PMC11438077)","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11438077\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":558,"licence":57,"source_url":559,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.1.3 Bluetongue (infection with bluetongue virus)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.03_BLUETONGUE.pdf",[],{"title":562,"id":563,"documentId":564,"heading":565,"slug":566,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":567,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":568,"drugs":609},"Infection with Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis",253,"tfnembygo8w2a68krscs1cgz","داء البروسيلات","infection-with-brucella-abortus-brucella-melitensis-and","الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالعدوى: المشيمة والأجنة والرحم، والغدة اللبنية (الضرع) وعقدها اللمفية ولا سيما العقد اللمفية فوق الضرع، ومعظم العقد اللمفية الرئيسية ومنها عقد الرأس، والطحال، والخصيتان والبربخان والحويصلات المنوية والأمبولتان والبروستاتة والغدد البصلية الإحليلية، والمفاصل وأغماد الأوتار، وأورام الجراب المائي (hygromas) في مفاصل القوائم.",[569,573,577,581,585,588,591,594,597,600,603,606],{"claims":570,"source":571,"licence":18,"source_url":572,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"species, epidemiology (MENA incidence, environmental survival, notifiable, zoonosis), signs (fistulous withers), prevention","WOAH - Brucellosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbrucellosis\u002F",{"claims":574,"source":575,"licence":18,"source_url":576,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, host range incl. camels, B. melitensis in cattle, signs by species, differential diagnosis, vaccines S19\u002FRB51\u002FRev.1, pig outcome, anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.4 Brucellosis (infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.04_BRUCELLOSIS.pdf",{"claims":578,"source":579,"licence":43,"source_url":580,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"animal hosts and human transmission routes (epidemiology)","CDC - About Brucellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fbrucellosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":582,"source":583,"licence":43,"source_url":584,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms transmission, signs in cattle, no practical treatment, S19\u002FRB51 vaccination and reactor removal","MSD Veterinary Manual - Brucellosis in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":586,"licence":57,"source_url":587,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":589,"licence":57,"source_url":590,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella abortus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_abortus.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":592,"licence":57,"source_url":593,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella melitensis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_melitensis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":595,"licence":57,"source_url":596,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Brucellosis in Pigs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-pigs",{"claims":55,"source":598,"licence":57,"source_url":599,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"CFSPH, Iowa State University, Brucellosis: Brucella suis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbrucellosis_suis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":601,"licence":57,"source_url":602,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Brucellosis in Horses","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fbrucellosis-in-large-animals\u002Fbrucellosis-in-horses",{"claims":55,"source":604,"licence":57,"source_url":605,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"WOAH, Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 8.4 Infection with Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_bovine_brucellosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":607,"licence":57,"source_url":608,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"US National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Brucellosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nps.gov\u002Fyell\u002Flearn\u002Fnature\u002Fbrucellosis.htm",[],{"title":611,"id":612,"documentId":613,"heading":614,"slug":615,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":616,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":617,"drugs":638},"Infection with Chlamydia abortus (Enzootic abortion of ewes, ovine chlamydiosis)",338,"dj3bsb1v4vfgw2xfimu2yvrb","الإجهاض المتوطن في النعاج","infection-with-chlamydia-abortus-enzootic-abortion-of-ewes","تغزو المتدثرة المجهضة (Chlamydia abortus) مشيمة النعجة الحامل، ولا سيما المشيميات (placentomes)، فتُحدث فيها التهابًا وتنخرًا منتشرين لا يقتصران على الفلقات (cotyledons). تصيب العدوى الجنين أيضًا، فتظهر تغيرات أخف في كبده ورئته، وقد يتضرر دماغه بنقص الأكسجة عند شدة تلف المشيمة. تخرج الجرثومة بأعداد هائلة مع المشيمة والإفرازات الرحمية وقت الإجهاض أو الولادة، وقد تظهر إفرازات فرجية لدى النعاج خلال آخر 48 ساعة من الحمل.",[618,622,626,629,632,635],{"claims":619,"source":620,"licence":18,"source_url":621,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, host range, pathogenesis, shedding, flock introduction and abortion storm, clinical signs, lesions, differentials, zoonotic risk, vaccines, serological screening","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.8.5 Enzootic abortion of ewes (ovine chlamydiosis)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.05_ENZ_ABOR.pdf",{"claims":623,"source":624,"licence":30,"source_url":625,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms transmission by ingestion\u002Finhalation, abortion timing, zoonotic risk to pregnant women; Saudi seroprevalence, risk factors, no vaccine in Saudi Arabia, hygiene protective","Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2021 (PMC8072607)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8072607\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":627,"source_url":628,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Abortion in Sheep","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fabortion-in-large-animals\u002Fabortion-in-sheep",{"claims":129,"source":630,"source_url":631,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"CFSPH (Iowa State University) Zoonotic Chlamydiae factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fchlamydiosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":633,"licence":57,"source_url":634,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Turin et al. (2022) Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus, Veterinary Research","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9152823\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":636,"licence":57,"source_url":637,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH disease page: Enzootic abortion of ewes","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fenzootic-abortion-of-ewes\u002F",[],{"title":640,"id":641,"documentId":642,"heading":643,"slug":644,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":645,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":646,"drugs":667},"Infection with Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)",279,"se6h2cw80imcgdjlaav49ux4","حمى كيو","infection-with-coxiella-burnetii-q-fever","تؤخذ لتحري العدوى عينات من المشيمة والمهبل والحليب واللبأ وأنسجة الأجنة المجهَضة، ومنها الطحال والكبد والرئة ومحتوى المعدة. وقد ترتبط Coxiella burnetii أيضًا بالتهاب الرحم في الأبقار. وفي البشر قد تمتد الأشكال الحادة إلى الرئة والكبد، وتشمل مظاهر الشكل المزمن الشغاف والصمامات والأوعية والكبد والرئة، وقد تسبب العدوى في الحامل التهاب المشيمة.",[647,651,656,661,664],{"claims":648,"source":649,"licence":18,"source_url":650,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent biology, phase I\u002FII, spore-like forms, host range and reservoirs, worldwide distribution except New Zealand, airborne transmission, ticks, reproductive signs, recovery and lifelong persistence, shedding at parturition, differential diagnosis by PCR and ELISA, stain non-specificity, phase I vaccine and control measures, human disease course","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2018, Chapter 3.1.17 Q fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.17_Q_FEVER.pdf",{"claims":652,"source":653,"licence":654,"source_url":655,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"goats, sheep and cattle as carriers, bacteria in birth products, urine, faeces and milk, animals appear healthy, inhalation of contaminated dust, human flu-like signs, at-risk occupations, avoid raw milk and birthing contact","CDC - About Q fever","not stated on source page (US government work)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fq-fever\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":657,"source":658,"licence":659,"source_url":660,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"camel seroprevalence in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Algeria and Chad higher than other ruminants, Hyalomma dromedarii, abortion history association, human risk groups incl. raw milk drinkers","Open-access review (2020) - Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East? (PMC7674558)","CC BY (Creative Commons Attribution License)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7674558\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":662,"licence":57,"source_url":663,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH - Q fever disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fq-fever\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":665,"licence":57,"source_url":666,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Q Fever factsheet, November 2017","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fq_fever.pdf",[],{"title":669,"id":670,"documentId":671,"heading":672,"slug":673,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":674,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":675,"drugs":702},"Infection with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever",335,"ozhsrpliagi09u22iozxx26r","حمى القرم-الكونغو النزفية","infection-with-crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever","يبدأ تكاثر فيروس حمى القرم-الكونغو النزفية بعد لدغة القراد في الأنسجة الموضعية والعقد اللمفية الناحية قبل انتشار عابر في الدم، ويمكن عزله من مصل الحيوانات المصابة أو بلازماها في طور الحمى أو التفيروس، أو من أكبادها. لدى البشر، الذين يُعد المرض النزفي أبرز ما يقلق في إصابتهم، قد يُلاحظ النزف في الأنف والجهاز الهضمي والرحم والمسالك البولية والجهاز التنفسي، ويصاحب المرض عادةً التهاب في الكبد، وقد تتعرض الكلى والكبد والرئتان للفشل في الحالات الشديدة.",[676,680,685,689,693,696,699],{"claims":677,"source":678,"licence":18,"source_url":679,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, epidemiology (distribution, Hyalomma, tick cycle, hosts, ostriches, human routes), human disease phases and bleeding sites, diagnosis, 5-80% human case fatality, prevention (repellents, acaricides, no animal vaccine)","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.1.5 Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.05_CCHF.pdf",{"claims":681,"source":682,"licence":683,"source_url":684,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"human signs and day-four bleeding, geography incl. Middle East, transmission routes, up to 50% hospitalised fatality, no cure and supportive care, protective clothing","CDC - About Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever","not stated on source page (US federal public domain)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcrimean-congo-hemorrhagic\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":686,"source":687,"licence":242,"source_url":688,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms agent, secondary vectors, viraemia duration, experimental signs, bird dispersal, Jordan and Spain detections, notifiable status, ~40% human fatality, acaricides","MSD Veterinary Manual - Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Fcrimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever\u002Fcrimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever-in-animals",{"claims":690,"source":691,"licence":18,"source_url":692,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"WOAH-listed disease status","WOAH - Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fcrimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":694,"source_url":695,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"WHO - Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fcrimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever",{"claims":129,"source":697,"source_url":698,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"CFSPH Iowa State University - Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fcrimean_congo_hemorrhagic_fever.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":700,"licence":57,"source_url":701,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"ECDC - Factsheet for health professionals about Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fcrimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever\u002Ffacts\u002Ffactsheet",[],{"title":704,"id":705,"documentId":706,"heading":707,"slug":708,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":709,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":710,"drugs":754},"Infection with Echinococcus granulosus",323,"j6611t2w0hbve2qbz7zjij46","العدوى بالمشوكة الحبيبية","infection-with-echinococcus-granulosus","تتركز كيسات داء المشوكات الكيسي (Cystic echinococcosis) عادةً في الكبد ثم الرئتين، وتقل في أعضاء وأنسجة أخرى منها العظام. يذكر دليل منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (FAO) لتفتيش اللحوم أن الكيسات المائية توجد في الكبد والقلب والرئتين والطحال والكلى والعضلات والدماغ وفي أي نسيج بما فيه العظم. تعيش الديدان البالغة في الأمعاء الدقيقة للعائل النهائي، بحسب المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). قد توجد كيسات متعددة أيضًا في الدماغ أو الكلى أو العظام أو الخصيتين مسببة مرضًا أشد، بحسب المنظمة نفسها.",[711,715,719,723,727,731,736,740,745,748,751],{"claims":712,"source":713,"licence":18,"source_url":714,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, hosts, dog-sheep life cycle, production losses and organ condemnation, prevention measures incl. vaccination","WOAH - Echinococcosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fechinococcosis\u002F",{"claims":716,"source":717,"licence":25,"source_url":718,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definitive and intermediate hosts, liver and lung involvement","CDC - About Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fechinococcosis\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":720,"source":721,"licence":25,"source_url":722,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"slow cyst growth, rupture and allergic reaction, imaging, cyst differentials (abscess, tuberculosis, neoplasm)","CDC - Clinical Overview of Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fechinococcosis\u002Fhcp\u002Fclinical-overview\u002Findex.html",{"claims":724,"source":725,"licence":43,"source_url":726,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms life cycle, cyst structure, clinical signs in intermediate hosts, necropsy lesions, dog deworming, EG95 vaccine, prognosis","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Echinococcosis factsheet (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fechinococcosis.pdf",{"claims":728,"source":729,"licence":403,"source_url":730,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"region as hotspot, intermediate host species, risk factors","Cystic echinococcosis in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Neglected and prevailing! (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7205190\u002F",{"claims":732,"source":733,"licence":734,"source_url":735,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"North African prevalence in camels and sheep, G1 and G6 genotypes, home slaughter and stray dog risk factors, meat inspection","Present Situation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Africa: A Narrative Review (PubMed Central)","CC BY","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13307783\u002F",{"claims":737,"source":738,"licence":43,"source_url":739,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"cyst sites at inspection and differential list (retention cysts, liver cysts, granulomas, Cysticercus tenuicollis, tuberculosis)","FAO - Manual on meat inspection for developing countries","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002F4\u002Ft0756e\u002Ft0756e04.htm",{"claims":741,"source":742,"licence":743,"source_url":744,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"features separating Cysticercus tenuicollis from hydatid cysts","Prevalence and morphological characterisation of Cysticercus tenuicollis in sheep and goat from north India (PubMed Central)","(c) Indian Society for Parasitology 2013; PMC copyright notice","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4328026\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":746,"source_url":747,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Infestation of small ruminants by the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena in slaughterhouse, North East Tunisia (PubMed Central)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7196678\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":749,"licence":57,"source_url":750,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual Chapter 3.1.6 - Echinococcosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.06_ECHINOCOCCOSIS.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":752,"licence":57,"source_url":753,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WHO - Echinococcosis fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fechinococcosis",[755,761,767],{"id":756,"documentId":757,"slug":758,"name":759,"heading":760},2195,"fv4igxlimw43jthm9jhonu63","praziquantel","Praziquantel","برازيكوانتيل",{"id":762,"documentId":763,"slug":764,"name":765,"heading":766},1936,"u5xcptmcrtajlray2rh0djj0","albendazole","Albendazole","ألبيندازول",{"id":768,"documentId":769,"slug":770,"name":770,"heading":771},1937,"ev6xskg5leo6dt2h2h8ipgsr","mebendazole","ميبيندازول",{"title":773,"id":774,"documentId":775,"heading":776,"slug":777,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":778,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":779,"drugs":813},"Infection with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus",349,"mgngoug117falpxn5boe2e9u","مرض النزف الوبائي","infection-with-epizootic-hemorrhagic-disease-virus","قد يطال مرض النزف الوبائي (Epizootic haemorrhagic disease) جميع أنسجة الجسم لأن فيروسه يصيب البطانة الوعائية (endothelium)، وتتركز آفاته النسيجية خاصة في اللسان والغدد اللعابية والمعدات الأمامية والأبهر والعضلة الحليمية للبطين الأيسر، مع لويحات رمادية متناثرة وُصفت على سطح مخاطية المرارة. تظهر لدى الأيائل المصابة بمرض النزف الوبائي في الشكل فائق الحدة وذمة شديدة في الرأس والعنق واللسان والملتحمة والرئتين، وفي الشكل الحاد نزوف ووذمة واسعة في الأغشية المخاطية والجلد والأحشاء ولا سيما القلب والقناة الهضمية، أما الشكل المزمن فيترك حلقات نمو على الحوافر أو انسلاخًا لجدار الحافر وتآكلات أو قرحًا أو ندبًا في الكرش. يُصيب مرض إيباراكي (Ibaraki disease) في الأبقار العضلاتِ المخططة في المريء والحنجرة والبلعوم واللسان والعضلاتِ الهيكلية بالتنكس، وقد تُلاحَظ فيه وذمة ونزوف واضحة في الفم والشفتين والمنفحة وإكليل الحافر (coronets). تشمل المواضع المتأثرة بمرض النزف الوبائي في الأبقار أيضًا الضرع الذي قد يحمرّ، والفم الذي قد يُصاب بالتهاب تقرحي.",[780,784,788,793,797,801,805,810],{"claims":781,"source":782,"licence":18,"source_url":783,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and serotypes, hosts, Culicoides transmission and seasonality, histopathology, cattle signs, Ibaraki disease, Mediterranean distribution, no human risk, laboratory tests, limited vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021 - Chapter 3.1.7 Epizootic haemorrhagic disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.07_EHD.pdf",{"claims":785,"source":786,"licence":18,"source_url":787,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"endothelial infection, prolonged viraemia, goats not susceptible, 2008 listing, deer and cattle signs and lesions, up to 10% cattle deaths, 90% deer morbidity and mortality, differential diagnosis","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Epizootic haemorrhagic disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Fepizootic-heamorrhagic-disease.pdf",{"claims":789,"source":790,"licence":791,"source_url":792,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"sheep and goats listed as affected, signs in cattle and deer, southern Europe outbreaks from November 2022, no human or food safety risk, notifiable, no commercial vaccine, biosecurity","GOV.UK (Defra\u002FAPHA) - Epizootic haemorrhagic disease guidance","Open Government Licence v3.0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fguidance\u002Fepizootic-haemorrhagic-disease",{"claims":794,"source":795,"licence":734,"source_url":796,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"serotype 6 in North Africa from 2006, serotype 8 in Tunisia 2021 and southern Europe 2022-2023, cattle fatality under 1%, deer mortality, no commercial vaccine in the region","Emergence and evolution of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in the Mediterranean region (Frontiers in Veterinary Science, PubMed Central) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12341390\u002F",{"claims":798,"source":799,"licence":734,"source_url":800,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"Tunisian outbreak counts and seasonality, Culicoides imicola association, bluetongue initially suspected","Epidemiological Analyses of the First Incursion of EHDV Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021-2022 - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10974811\u002F",{"claims":802,"source":803,"licence":30,"source_url":804,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"clinical signs in Tunisian cattle, laboratory confirmation by c-ELISA and real-time RT-PCR","Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021 - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9866946\u002F",{"claims":806,"source":807,"licence":808,"source_url":809,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"low within-herd morbidity and rare deaths in cattle and bison, similarity to foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and malignant catarrhal fever","Review of the 2012 Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Domestic Ruminants in the United States - Europe PMC full text","CC0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4526531\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":811,"licence":57,"source_url":812,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease factsheet (2016, minor update 2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fepizootic_hemorrhagic_disease.pdf",[],{"title":815,"id":816,"documentId":817,"heading":818,"slug":819,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":820,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":821,"drugs":854},"Infection with foot and mouth disease virus",257,"xhagggledff112t6xr66uj6i","الحمى القلاعية","infection-with-foot-and-mouth-disease-virus","الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالعدوى: مخاطية البلعوم الأنفي وهي موقع العدوى الأولية في الأبقار، والفم واللسان والحنك الصلب واللثة والشفتان والأنف، والأقدام بما فيها الأشرطة التاجية والشقوق بين الأظلاف، والضرع والحلمات، والفرج والقلفة، ونقاط الضغط على الجلد، والعقد اللمفية المصرفة لتجويف الفم التي رصدت فيها دراسة واحدة الحمض النووي الفيروسي، وعضلة القلب ولا سيما في الصغار، وقد تبدو على سطحها مناطق شاحبة عند الفحص التشريحي.",[822,826,830,834,838,842,847,851],{"claims":823,"source":824,"licence":18,"source_url":825,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, serotypes, species, transmission, morbidity and mortality figures, vaccination coverage, listed status, public health","WOAH - Foot and mouth disease disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Ffoot-and-mouth-disease\u002F",{"claims":827,"source":828,"licence":18,"source_url":829,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"differential diagnosis, diagnostic samples and tests, host range incl. camelids, mastitis sequel, hoof growth-arrest lines, vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.8 Foot and mouth disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.08_FMD.pdf",{"claims":831,"source":832,"licence":30,"source_url":833,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology: nasopharyngeal primary replication, vesicles in non-haired skin, myocarditis in juveniles, persistent infection","Veterinary Research (2025) - The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus: current understandings and knowledge gaps (PMC12172366)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12172366\u002F",{"claims":835,"source":836,"licence":30,"source_url":837,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"RNA genome, serotype O\u002FEA-3 in Libya and Algeria, fever up to 42 C, milk drop, young ruminant mortality","Animals (Basel) (2022) - FTA cards for FMD virus in Libya (PMC9686888)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9686888\u002F",{"claims":839,"source":840,"licence":43,"source_url":841,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"species, signs incl. abortion and heart disease in newborns, not a human health threat","USDA APHIS - Foot-and-Mouth Disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fcattle\u002Ffoot-and-mouth",{"claims":843,"source":844,"licence":845,"source_url":846,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms transmission, signs, lesions, control; supplies the conflicting mortality figures in expected_prognosis","CFSPH Iowa State - Foot and Mouth Disease factsheet (2025)","(c) 2001-2025 CFSPH; confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Ffoot_and_mouth_disease.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":848,"licence":57,"source_url":849,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":850},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Finfectious-diseases\u002Ffoot-and-mouth-disease\u002Ffoot-and-mouth-disease-in-animals","2026-09-30",{"claims":55,"source":852,"licence":57,"source_url":853,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":850},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 8.8 Infection with foot and mouth disease virus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_fmd.pdf",[],{"title":856,"id":857,"documentId":858,"heading":859,"slug":860,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":861,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":862,"drugs":894},"Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex",256,"glot11f0f24lex1dmv2lf315","السل","infection-with-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex","ترتبط بالسل في الثدييات الأعضاء والأنسجة التالية: الرئتان، والعقد اللمفية خلف البلعومية والقصبية والمنصفية والقحفية الصدرية والمساريقية، وأعضاء البطن، ومع السل الدخني المعمم الكبد والكلية والطحال والغدد الثديية والقناة الهضمية والجهاز العصبي المركزي، إضافة إلى الأوعية الدموية واللمفية في الجهازين التنفسي والهضمي التي قد تسدها العقد العميقة المتضخمة.",[863,867,871,875,879,882,885,888,891],{"claims":864,"source":865,"licence":18,"source_url":866,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agents, host range, wildlife reservoirs, MENA endemicity, transmission incl. milk, zoonosis, notifiable status, test-and-slaughter, BCG limits","WOAH - Bovine (mammalian) tuberculosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fbovine-tuberculosis\u002F",{"claims":868,"source":869,"licence":18,"source_url":870,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, lesion distribution, clinical signs by species, prognosis (miliary disease fatal), diagnosis, BCG interference, anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.1.13 Mammalian tuberculosis (infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.13_Mammalian_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":872,"source":873,"licence":43,"source_url":874,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"differential diagnosis list (CBPP, actinobacillosis, lung abscess, bovine farcy, bronchopneumonia, hydatid cysts, actinomycosis)","Directorate of Veterinary Services circular V15 of 2021 - Bovine tuberculosis (M. bovis) surveillance protocol (hosted on woah.org)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F02\u002Fcircular-v15-of-2021-sop-attachments-rina-final.pdf",{"claims":876,"source":877,"licence":43,"source_url":878,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms differential diagnosis (CBPP, caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants), lesion sites, asymptomatic course, lack of effective cattle vaccine","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Bovine Tuberculosis factsheet (2007) (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFastFacts\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":880,"licence":57,"source_url":881,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":850},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, chapter 8.11 Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (2022 PDF)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_bovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":883,"licence":57,"source_url":884,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":850},"CFSPH Iowa State University, Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Mammals, including Bovine and Caprine Tuberculosis (2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbovine_tuberculosis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":886,"licence":57,"source_url":887,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":850},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Overview of Tuberculosis in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Ftuberculosis-and-other-mycobacterial-infections\u002Foverview-of-tuberculosis-and-other-mycobacterial-infections",{"claims":55,"source":889,"licence":57,"source_url":890,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":850},"WOAH, Mammalian tuberculosis (mTB) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fmammalian-tuberculosis-mtb\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":892,"licence":57,"source_url":893,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":850},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Tuberculosis in Sheep and Goats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Ftuberculosis-in-various-animals\u002F",[895],{"id":896,"documentId":897,"slug":898,"name":898,"heading":899},1972,"cv1s0yjfmuak8rxsx1xvv8yw","pradofloxacin","برادوفلوكساسين",{"title":901,"id":902,"documentId":903,"heading":904,"slug":905,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":906,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":907,"drugs":945},"Infection with peste des petits ruminants virus",254,"olls9l1hjltctw2zdwiz7e3w","طاعون المجترات الصغيرة","infection-with-peste-des-petits-ruminants-virus","ترتبط بطاعون المجترات الصغيرة الأعضاء والأنسجة التالية: الأنسجة اللمفاوية ومعظم العقد اللمفية، والشفتان من الداخل والخارج واللثة واللسان والحنك الصلب والبلعوم والثلث العلوي من المريء، والمنفحة (abomasum) ولطخات باير والأمعاء حول الصمام اللفائفي الأعوري والملتقى الأعوري القولوني والمستقيم، والغشاء المخاطي للأنف والقرينات (turbinates) والحنجرة والرغامى والرئتان، والملتحمة، والفرج والمهبل.",[908,912,916,921,926,930,933,936,939,942],{"claims":909,"source":910,"licence":18,"source_url":911,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"species incl. camels, 70+ countries in Africa\u002FMiddle East\u002FAsia, lifelong vaccine immunity, 2030 eradication strategy","WOAH - Peste des petits ruminants disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fpeste-des-petits-ruminants\u002F",{"claims":913,"source":914,"licence":18,"source_url":915,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"aetiology, hosts, transmission, seasonality, no carrier state, incubation, clinical forms, lesions, differential list, morbidity\u002Fmortality figures, control","WOAH - Technical Disease Card: Peste des petits ruminants","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FAnimal_Health_in_the_World\u002Fdocs\u002Fpdf\u002FDisease_cards\u002FPESTE_DES_PETITS_RUMINANTS.pdf",{"claims":917,"source":918,"licence":919,"source_url":920,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms lineages, shedding routes, immunosuppression, cause of death, necropsy lesions, treatment approach, endemic vs epidemic morbidity\u002Fcase fatality, not zoonotic, prevention","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State) - Peste des Petits Ruminants factsheet (2024)","(c) 2003-2024 CFSPH; no reuse grant - used for confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fpeste_des_petits_ruminants.pdf",{"claims":922,"source":923,"licence":924,"source_url":925,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"differential diagnosis distinguishing features","FAO - Recognizing peste des petits ruminants: a field manual (1999)","(c) FAO 1999, all rights reserved","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002F4\u002Fx1703e\u002Fx1703e00.htm",{"claims":927,"source":928,"licence":659,"source_url":929,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology: lineage IV in Morocco 2008, Algeria, Tunisia; spread via cross-border animal trade","Baazizi R et al. PPR: a neglected tropical disease in Maghreb region of North Africa and its threat to Europe. PLoS One 2017 (PMC5398521)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5398521\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":931,"licence":57,"source_url":932,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"WOAH, Terrestrial Manual, chapter 3.8.9 Peste des petits ruminants (infection with small ruminant morbillivirus)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.09_PPR.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":934,"licence":57,"source_url":935,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Benfield et al. 2023, Animals 13(7):1196, PPR in the Middle East after the first phase of the PPR Global Eradication Program","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10093352\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":937,"licence":57,"source_url":938,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Peste des Petits Ruminants","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Fpeste-des-petits-ruminants\u002Fpeste-des-petits-ruminants",{"claims":55,"source":940,"licence":57,"source_url":941,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"FAO, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002Fppr\u002Fen\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":943,"licence":57,"source_url":944,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"WOAH, Terrestrial Animal Health Code, chapter 14.7 Infection with peste des petits ruminants virus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_ppr.pdf",[],{"title":947,"id":948,"documentId":949,"heading":950,"slug":951,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":952,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":953,"drugs":976},"Infection with Rift Valley fever virus",334,"ioxr1hn3oigdn7z3dnl5ox1i","حمى الوادي المتصدع","infection-with-rift-valley-fever-virus","تتركز الآفة الأكثر ثباتًا لحمى الوادي المتصدع (Rift Valley fever) في الكبد على شكل تنخّر يميل إلى الاشتداد في الحيوانات الصغيرة، وقد يبدو الكبد لدى الأجنة المجهضة والحملان حديثة الولادة كبيرًا جدًّا لينًا هشًّا مائلًا إلى البني مع بقع احتقان غير منتظمة. تشمل الأعضاء الأخرى المتأثرة بحمى الوادي المتصدع المرارةَ التي قد تتوذم جدرانها وتظهر فيها نزوف، والكليتين اللتين تُظهران احتقانًا ونزوفًا قشرية، إضافة إلى العقد اللمفية المحيطية والطحال. يتأثر الجهاز الهضمي في حمى الوادي المتصدع بوذمة والتهاب ملحوظين في المساريقا والأغشية المصلية والتهاب أمعاء نزفي متعدد البؤر، مع نزف ووذمة في طيات المنفحة (abomasum) لدى المجترات. تستطيع الحيوانات المصابة نقل فيروس حمى الوادي المتصدع إلى نسلها داخل الرحم، وقد تُصاب بعض الحيوانات المجهضة، ولا سيما النعاج، بالتهاب الرحم (metritis).",[954,958,962,966,970,973],{"claims":955,"source":956,"licence":18,"source_url":957,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent classification, vectors, geography incl. Egypt and Arabian Peninsula, susceptibility tiers, zoonotic routes, vaccines","WOAH - Rift Valley fever disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Frift-valley-fever\u002F",{"claims":959,"source":960,"licence":18,"source_url":961,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical signs by species, lesions, differential list, mortality tiers, camels resistant, prevention and vaccines","WOAH (OIE) Technical Disease Card - Rift Valley fever (Dec 2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Frift-valley-fever.pdf",{"claims":963,"source":964,"licence":43,"source_url":965,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirmation: hepatic necrosis, in-utero transmission, Saudi Arabia endemicity, mortality figures (adult sheep 10-30%), clinical cases in camels, supportive treatment, vaccine risks","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Rift Valley Fever factsheet (Apr 2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Frift_valley_fever.pdf",{"claims":967,"source":968,"licence":43,"source_url":969,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"species affected incl. camels and buffalo, transmission to people, animal vaccines exist","CDC - About Rift Valley Fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Frift-valley-fever\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",{"claims":55,"source":971,"licence":57,"source_url":972,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WHO - Rift Valley fever fact sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Frift-valley-fever",{"claims":55,"source":974,"licence":57,"source_url":975,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2023, Chapter 3.1.19 Rift Valley fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.19_RVF.pdf",[],{"title":978,"id":979,"documentId":980,"heading":981,"slug":982,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":983,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":984,"drugs":1012},"Infection with Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria luwenshuni and Theileria uilenbergi",291,"l7jydwetwbmkatehgn7l7fcf","داء الثايليريات في الأغنام والماعز","infection-with-theileria-lestoquardi-theileria-luwenshuni-and","تصيب Theileria lestoquardi الوحيدات والبلاعم (monocytes\u002Fmacrophages) والخلايا البائية (B cells) لدى العائل. قد توجد الخلايا الحاملة للمتقسّمات الكبيرة والصغيرة (macroschizonts, microschizonts) في لطاخات انطباعية من الكبد والطحال والرئة والكلية والعقد اللمفية. تغزو الأقسومات (merozoites) المتحررة من الكريات البيضاء المتحللة كرياتِ الدم الحمراء. يتأثر الجهاز القلبي الوعائي لدى الأغنام، إذ أُبلغ عن مشكلات قلبية وعائية خطيرة فيها عقب العدوى بـ T. lestoquardi.",[985,989,994,997,1000,1003,1006,1009],{"claims":986,"source":987,"licence":18,"source_url":988,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, epidemiology (distribution, ticks, host susceptibility), sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis, expected_prognosis (both mortality figures, buparvaquone carrier state), primary_prevention, associated_anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2022, Chapter 3.8.12: Theileriosis in sheep and goats (infection with Theileria lestoquardi, T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.12_THEILIERIOSIS_IN_SHEEP_AND_GOATS.pdf",{"claims":990,"source":991,"licence":992,"source_url":993,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"epidemiology (Arabian Peninsula and Gulf prevalence, Hyalomma anatolicum in Oman, mixed T. ovis infection), expected_prognosis (lower mortality risk with mixed infection)","Parasites & Vectors (2021): A comparative study of single Theileria lestoquardi and mixed infections with Theileria ovis (PMC8290529)","Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8290529\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":995,"licence":57,"source_url":996,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH - Theileriosis disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Ftheileriosis\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":998,"licence":57,"source_url":999,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Theileriosis in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Ftheileriosis-in-animals",{"claims":55,"source":1001,"licence":57,"source_url":1002,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"A pan-Theileria FRET-qPCR survey for Theileria spp. in ruminants from nine provinces of China (Parasites & Vectors, 2014)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4262081\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1004,"licence":57,"source_url":1005,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in small ruminants in Pakistan: Current knowledge and future perspectives (Saudi J Biol Sci, 2022)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9072882\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1007,"licence":57,"source_url":1008,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan (Parasite, 2020)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7792498\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1010,"licence":57,"source_url":1011,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants in Turkey and diagnostic sensitivity of single-PCR and RLB (Parasites & Vectors, 2017)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5408456\u002F",[],{"title":1014,"id":1015,"documentId":1016,"heading":1017,"slug":1018,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1019,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1020,"drugs":1037},"Infection with Trypanosoma evansi (Surra)",296,"lpv1ftk9d7cbtt61y51sg0qo","داء السَّرَّا","infection-with-trypanosoma-evansi-surra","تشمل الأنسجة المرتبطة بعدوى Trypanosoma evansi الدمَ والعقد اللمفية، إذ قد يكشف فحص موادهما عن المثقبيات في الإصابة المبكرة أو الحادة، والجهازَ العصبي المركزي وغيره من الأنسجة خارج الأوعية الدموية. تمتد آفات عدوى Trypanosoma evansi إلى الطحال والعقد اللمفية اللذين قد يتضخمان، وإلى الجلد بلويحاته الشروية (urticarial plaques)، والأغشية المصلية في الجفون والمنخرين وفتحة الشرج، وبعض الأعضاء الداخلية التي قد تظهر عليها نزوف نمشية.",[1021,1025,1029,1033],{"claims":1022,"source":1023,"licence":18,"source_url":1024,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"hosts, transmission, distribution, signs, lesions, case fatality, differentials, control; states no zoonotic potential","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Trypanosoma evansi infections (including surra)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftrypano-evansi.pdf",{"claims":1026,"source":1027,"licence":18,"source_url":1028,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition, vectors, clinical signs, CNS invasion, immunodeficiency and vaccination interference, diagnosis, no vaccine","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.1.21 Surra in all species (Trypanosoma evansi infection)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.21_TRYPANO_SURRA.pdf",{"claims":1030,"source":1031,"licence":734,"source_url":1032,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"distribution North Africa to South-East Asia, host susceptibility, chronic camel course; conflicting prognosis figure","BioMed Research International (2013) - Desquesnes et al., T. evansi and surra: origin, distribution, hosts and pathogenic effects (PMC3760267, Europe PMC full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3760267\u002F",{"claims":1034,"source":1035,"licence":734,"source_url":1036,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"mechanical, oral and iatrogenic transmission, seasonality, diagnosis, drug resistance, quarantine testing","BioMed Research International (2013) - Desquesnes et al., T. evansi and surra: transmission, epidemiology, control and zoonotic aspects (PMC3789323)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3789323\u002F",[],{"title":1039,"id":1040,"documentId":1041,"heading":1042,"slug":1043,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1044,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1045,"drugs":1061},"Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis\u002Finfectious pustular vulvovaginitis",304,"utatcocq73n9g3r007lotrf4","التهاب الأنف والقصبة الهوائية المعدي البقري","infectious-bovine-rhinotracheitis-infectious-pustular","يتكاثر فيروس الهربس البقري 1 (BoHV-1) بعد العدوى الهوائية في الأغشية المخاطية للجهاز التنفسي العلوي وفي اللوزتين، ثم ينتشر إلى الملتحمتين ويصل إلى العقدة الثلاثية التوائم، وبعد العدوى التناسلية يتكاثر في مخاطية المهبل أو القلفة ويصبح كامناً في العقد العجزية. تكشف الفحوص بعد الموت التهاب الأنف والحنجرة والقصبة الهوائية، بحسب الدليل البري للمنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن معظم الآفات في عدوى التهاب الأنف والقصبة الهوائية المعدي البقري (IBR) غير المعقدة تقتصر على الجهاز التنفسي العلوي والقصبة الهوائية، وأن بؤر النخر تتكون في الأنف والبلعوم والحنجرة والقصبة الهوائية. قد يمتد التهاب القصبة الهوائية إلى القصبات والقصيبات، وعندئذ تتساقط الظهارة في المجاري الهوائية، وقد تتورم العقد اللمفية البلعومية والرئوية تورماً حاداً وتنزف. قد تحمل الأجنة المجهضة آفات نخرية بؤرية شاحبة في جميع الأنسجة، ولا سيما الكبد.",[1046,1050,1054,1058],{"claims":1047,"source":1048,"licence":18,"source_url":1049,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, pathophysiology (replication sites, latency in trigeminal\u002Fsacral ganglia, reactivation), host range, distribution, shedding and semen transmission, signs incl. red nose and IPV\u002FIPB, low mortality, uncomplicated course 5-10 days, vaccines and gE marker DIVA; states incubation period of 2-4 days","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024, Chapter 3.4.11 Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis\u002Finfectious pustular vulvovaginitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.11_IBR_IPV.pdf",{"claims":1051,"source":1052,"licence":43,"source_url":1053,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms respiratory signs, conjunctivitis as sole sign, necrotic nasal foci and plaques, recovery in 4-5 days without secondary pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia fatal, severe disease in young calves, parenteral MLV abortion risk; states incubation period of 2-6 days, which disagrees with WOAH's 2-4 days","MSD Veterinary Manual - Viral Infections Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Frespiratory-system\u002Fbovine-respiratory-disease-complex\u002Fviral-infections-associated-with-bovine-respiratory-disease-complex-in-cattle",{"claims":1055,"source":1056,"licence":43,"source_url":1057,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms abortion at 4-7 months of gestation, fetal liver necrosis, gE-deleted marker vaccines preferred","MSD Veterinary Manual - Abortion in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fabortion-in-large-animals\u002Fabortion-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":1059,"licence":57,"source_url":1060,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH disease page: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis\u002Finfectious pustular vulvovaginitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Finfectious-bovine-rhinotracheitis-infectious-pustular-vulvovaginitis\u002F",[],{"title":1063,"id":1064,"documentId":1065,"heading":1066,"slug":1067,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1068,"is_zoonotic":13,"citations":1069,"drugs":1084},"Infestation with Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screwworm)",348,"yn7ng0falt983w4f0dg9omws","الدودة الحلزونية للعالم القديم","infestation-with-chrysomya-bezziana-old-world-screwworm","قد توجد يرقات الدودة الحلزونية في أي جرح وفي الأنسجة المجاورة وتجاويف الجسم القريبة من الفتحات، وقد تُدمّر يرقات Chrysomya bezziana الأنسجة الحية وحتى العظام. من المواضع المذكورة للإصابة بالدودة الحلزونية: سُرّة المولود، ومنطقتا الفرج والعجان لدى الأم، والمنخران والجيوب المرتبطة بهما، ومحجرا العينين، والفم، والأذنان، والأعضاء التناسلية، وفتحات الأنف والشرج والقلفة والمهبل.",[1070,1074,1078,1081],{"claims":1071,"source":1072,"licence":18,"source_url":1073,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology (life cycle, oviposition, burrowing, odour attraction), epidemiology (hosts, distribution incl. Gulf, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, wound types, flight range), sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis and larval identification, prognosis (death in 1-2 weeks, 100% navel morbidity), prevention (husbandry, inspection, quarantine, no vaccine, SIT)","WOAH Technical Disease Card - Screwworm (Old World and New World), last updated April 2013","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FAnimal_Health_in_the_World\u002Fdocs\u002Fpdf\u002FDisease_cards\u002FSCREWWORM.pdf",{"claims":1075,"source":1076,"licence":403,"source_url":1077,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"corroborates pathophysiology (wound and body-opening attraction, larvae destroying living tissue and bone, three instars over 6-7 days, soil pupation), epidemiology (distribution; established in Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Yemen after introductions; humans occasional hosts), removal of all larvae as key treatment","Zhou X et al. (2019) Human Chrysomya bezziana myiasis: A systematic review, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, via PubMed Central","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6821133\u002F",{"claims":690,"source":1079,"licence":18,"source_url":1080,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"WOAH - Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fold-world-screwworm-chrysomya-bezziana\u002F",{"claims":129,"source":1082,"source_url":1083,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Screwworm Myiasis factsheet (2025) (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fscrewworm_myiasis.pdf",[],{"title":1086,"id":1087,"documentId":1088,"heading":1089,"slug":1090,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1091,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1092,"drugs":1113},"Infestation with Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)",347,"i6x0piih8b6922pew1njvtdn","الدودة الحلزونية للعالم الجديد","infestation-with-cochliomyia-hominivorax-new-world-screwworm","قد توجد يرقات الدودة الحلزونية في أي جرح وفي الأنسجة المجاورة له وتجاويف الجسم القريبة من الفتحات، ويُصاب المولود عبر الحبل السري بعد الولادة بقليل بحسب منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (FAO). من المواضع المذكورة للإصابة بالدودة الحلزونية: سُرّة المولود، ومنطقتا الفرج والعجان لدى الأم، والمنخران والجيوب، والفم، والأذنان، والأعضاء التناسلية، ومحجر العين، وفتحات الأنف والشرج والقلفة والمهبل.",[1093,1097,1101,1105,1110,1112],{"claims":1094,"source":1095,"licence":654,"source_url":1096,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, host range, current endemic areas and northward spread, wound infestation, signs (irritation, head shaking, odour, visible larvae), sterile insect technique, reporting","USDA APHIS - New World Screwworm","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fcattle\u002Fticks\u002Fscrewworm",{"claims":1098,"source":1099,"licence":18,"source_url":1100,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"obligate larval parasite, egg hatching 12-24 h, larval moults, life cycle under 3 weeks in tropics, zoonosis, movement control, SIT, WOAH listed","WOAH - New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fnew-world-screwworm-cochliomyia-hominivorax\u002F",{"claims":1102,"source":1103,"licence":43,"source_url":1104,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"1988 Libya discovery, sheep and camels affected, SIT eradication programme, regional risk, newborn deer mortality up to 75%","FAO - The New World screwworm in North Africa","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002F4\u002Fu4220t\u002Fu4220T04.htm",{"claims":1106,"source":1107,"licence":1108,"source_url":1109,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"host range incl. humans, newborn navel risk, spread via animal movement and wildlife, current affected countries, Libya 1988, wound management and inspection for prevention","FAO - New World Screwworm FAQ","(c) FAO 2026","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002Fanimal-health\u002Fanimal-diseases\u002Fnew-world-screwworm\u002Ffaq\u002Fen",{"claims":1111,"source":1082,"licence":43,"source_url":1083,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms life cycle timings, lesion development and sites, clinical behaviour, fly range 10-25 km, differential from opportunistic fly larvae, Old World screwworm in Middle East, W. magnifica in North Africa, prognosis, preventive husbandry",{"claims":129,"source":1072,"source_url":1073,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},[1114,1120,1126],{"id":1115,"documentId":1116,"slug":1117,"name":1118,"heading":1119},1991,"g0m8bo5cly2m4u0llzhrhjpf","fluralaner","Fluralaner","فلورالانر",{"id":1121,"documentId":1122,"slug":1123,"name":1124,"heading":1125},1947,"mnofxk8vpsznk4od00m1enlb","eprinomectin","Eprinomectin","إبرينومكتين",{"id":1127,"documentId":1128,"slug":1129,"name":1130,"heading":1131},2151,"f4vc8qvmmko7g8p8td6lr8z0","ivermectin","Ivermectin","إيفرمكتين",{"title":1133,"id":1134,"documentId":1135,"heading":1136,"slug":1137,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1138,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1139,"drugs":1171},"Iron-deficiency anemia",319,"aaxyniwzeec6trpw1i835wdu","فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد","iron-deficiency-anemia","يرتبط فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد (iron-deficiency anemia) بالدم وكرياته الحمر التي تصبح صغيرة ناقصة الصباغ، إذ يدخل الحديد في تصنيع الهيموغلوبين ويؤدي دورًا مهمًا في نقل الأكسجين وتكوين الدم (hematopoiesis). ترتبط الحالة كذلك بالقناة الهضمية، فأمراض سوء الامتصاص المعدية المعوية قد تقلل امتصاص الحديد بحسب Hunt وJugan (2021)، والنزف من القرحات أو الأورام المعدية المعوية أكثر شيوعًا مصدرًا لفقدان الدم المزمن لدى الحيوانات الأكبر سنًا بحسب دليل MSD البيطري، في حين قد يعود لدى الصغار إلى التطفل.",[1140,1145,1149,1154,1158,1162,1165,1168],{"claims":1141,"source":1142,"licence":1143,"source_url":1144,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"causes of piglet iron deficiency, signs, haemoglobin thresholds, injectable iron sources and route, risks of excess iron","Kansas State University Swine Nutrition Guide (extension) - Iron","(c) Kansas State University","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.asi.k-state.edu\u002Fextension\u002Fswine\u002Fswinenutritionguide\u002Fgeneral_nutrition_principles\u002Firon.html",{"claims":1146,"source":1147,"licence":30,"source_url":1148,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"roles of iron, low birth reserves, sow milk iron content, susceptibility to pneumonia and gut infections, iron overload risks","Meng Q, et al. Impact of Iron Supplementation on Growth Performance, Iron Homeostasis and Redox Balance of Suckling Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2025","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11988079\u002F",{"claims":1150,"source":1151,"licence":1152,"source_url":1153,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"functional iron deficiency via hepcidin and ferroportin, iron indices and reticulocyte haemoglobin content, iron deficiency in cats with chronic GI disease","Hunt A, Jugan MC. Anemia, iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency in cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2021","CC BY-NC 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fjvim\u002Farticle\u002F35\u002F1\u002F172\u002F8446783",{"claims":1155,"source":1156,"licence":43,"source_url":1157,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms species frequency, chronic blood loss origin, piglet risk indoors, anaemia of chronic disease normocytic normochromic, renal anaemia, iron supplementation and correcting blood loss","MSD Veterinary Manual - Nonregenerative Anemias in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fnonregenerative-anemias-in-animals",{"claims":1159,"source":1160,"licence":43,"source_url":1161,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms parasitic and GI bleeding causes by age, microcytic hypochromic hallmark, persistent reticulocytosis, causes to exclude","MSD Veterinary Manual - Regenerative Anemias in Animals (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fregenerative-anemias-in-animals",{"claims":129,"source":1163,"source_url":1164,"harvested_by":132,"retrieved_at":133},"Hunt A, Jugan MC. Anemia, iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency in cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2021 (PMC7848310 full text)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7848310\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1166,"licence":57,"source_url":1167,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Overview of Anemia in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Foverview-of-anemia-in-animals",{"claims":55,"source":1169,"licence":57,"source_url":1170,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Nonregenerative Anemias in Animals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fanemia\u002Fnonregenerative-anemias-in-animals",[1172],{"id":1173,"documentId":1174,"slug":1175,"name":1176,"heading":1177},2148,"intixiw8uiffmtydvn2sc8yw","iron-dextran-complex","iron dextran complex","معقد الحديد والدكستران",{"title":1179,"id":1180,"documentId":1181,"heading":1182,"slug":1183,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1184,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1185,"drugs":1217},"Johne's Disease (Paratuberculosis)",305,"towwtbyhfzf0ia1jca5dp5gy","داء جونز","johnes-disease-paratuberculosis","يصيب داء جونز (Johne's disease) الأمعاء الدقيقة، حيث تأوي جرثومة Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) وتتكاثر عادةً، ويشمل العامل المسبب القناة المعوية والعقد اللمفية المرتبطة بها. تصف دراسة عن المجترات الصغيرة في المملكة العربية السعودية سماكة ملحوظة في اللفائفي (ileum) يتخذ معها شكلًا حبليًا مع تغضنات مخاطية عرضية واضحة، وتذكر تورم العقد اللمفية المساريقية ضمن الصورة العيانية لداء جونز. لا يقتصر وجود جرثومة MAP على الأمعاء، إذ تذكر نشرة الإرشاد VM256 الصادرة عن جامعة فلوريدا أنها قد تبلغ الرحم والضرع والعقد اللمفية والأعضاء التناسلية للثيران، وقد تُفرز في الحليب أو السائل المنوي.",[1186,1190,1194,1199,1203,1207,1211,1214],{"claims":1187,"source":1188,"licence":126,"source_url":1189,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, species, faecal, in utero and milk transmission, young age susceptibility, cattle signs incl. bottle jaw, tests, no cure, prevention","USDA APHIS - Johne's Disease","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fcattle\u002Fjohnes",{"claims":1191,"source":1192,"licence":43,"source_url":1193,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"susceptible species incl. cervids and camelids, under six months susceptibility, 2-4 year incubation, intestine and lymph node involvement, cattle signs, ELISA and culture, Crohn's perception, management practices","Utah State University Extension - Johne's Disease advisory","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.usu.edu\u002Fanimalhealth\u002Fadvisories\u002Fjohnes-disease",{"claims":1195,"source":1196,"licence":1197,"source_url":1198,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"intestinal thickening and malabsorption, diarrhoea progression, recumbency and death, PCR\u002Fculture\u002FELISA, no cure and no treatment response, control measures","University of Florida IFAS Extension VM256 - Johne's Disease in Beef Cattle","(c) 2024 University of Florida","https:\u002F\u002Fask.ifas.ufl.edu\u002Fpublication\u002FVM256",{"claims":1200,"source":1201,"licence":734,"source_url":1202,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"acid-fast agent, focal vs diffuse granulomatous enteritis, protein-losing enteropathy, small ruminant signs, gross lesions, C and S strains in Saudi Arabia, PCR, Crohn's debate","Pathological Features and Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Small Ruminants in Saudi Arabia (PMC13118573)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13118573\u002F",{"claims":1204,"source":1205,"licence":30,"source_url":1206,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"Iranian seroprevalence figures, species difference in signs","Comparison of MAP infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Khuzestan Province of Iran (PMC8464266)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8464266\u002F",{"claims":1208,"source":1209,"licence":734,"source_url":1210,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"wasting differentials in adult sheep and CLA necropsy features","The Relevance of Caseous Lymphadenitis as a Cause of Culling in Adult Sheep (PMC7692964)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7692964\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1212,"licence":57,"source_url":1213,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH disease page: Paratuberculosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fparatuberculosis\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1215,"licence":57,"source_url":1216,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"MSD Veterinary Manual - Paratuberculosis in Ruminants","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fintestinal-diseases-in-ruminants\u002Fparatuberculosis-in-ruminants",[],{"title":1219,"id":1220,"documentId":1221,"heading":1222,"slug":1223,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1224,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1225,"drugs":1239},"Leptospirosis",306,"hpjc1bpgpx0uoul6elveszz2","داء البريميات","leptospirosis","ترتبط العلامات السريرية لداء البريميات (leptospirosis) لدى الحيوانات غالبًا بالكلى والكبد والوظيفة التناسلية، وتستقر البريميات وتستمر في الكلية وفي الجهاز التناسلي الذكري والأنثوي. تشمل الأنسجة المعنية أيضًا المشيمة التي قد تحتبس لدى بعض الأبقار المجهضة، وكلية الأجنة المجهضة أو المولودة ميتة وكبدها ورئتها ودماغها وغدتها الكظرية، والسحايا لدى العجول، والرئتين في متلازمة النزف الرئوي لدى الكلاب وربما لدى بعض المهور بحسب سلسلة حالات حديثة، والعنبية (uvea) في التهاب العنبية الراجع لدى الخيول.",[1226,1230,1235],{"claims":1227,"source":1228,"licence":18,"source_url":1229,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent and serovars, maintenance hosts, acute and chronic presentations, kidney and genital persistence, carriers, zoonotic risk, differential diagnosis groups, MAT four-fold rise, vaccines","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021, Chapter 3.1.12 Leptospirosis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.01.12_LEPTO.pdf",{"claims":1231,"source":1232,"licence":1233,"source_url":1234,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathogenesis incl. endothelial cadherin, tubulointerstitial nephritis, rodents as reservoirs, dog signs, pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome 70% mortality, AKI differential, annual dog vaccination, low zoonotic risk from dogs","Updated ACVIM Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis in Dogs (PMC10658540)","CC BY-NC-ND 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10658540\u002F",{"claims":1236,"source":1237,"licence":43,"source_url":1238,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirmation: geography and seasonality, transmission and environmental survival, signs by species, lesions, 80% dog survival, 40% abortion in naive herds, serovar vaccines, environmental control","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Leptospirosis factsheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fleptospirosis.pdf",[1240,1241,1242,1243,1244],{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77,"heading":78},{"id":480,"documentId":481,"slug":482,"name":482,"heading":11},{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"id":102,"documentId":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"heading":106},{"id":170,"documentId":171,"slug":172,"name":172,"heading":173},{"title":1246,"id":1247,"documentId":1248,"heading":1249,"slug":1250,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1251,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1252,"drugs":1348},"Mastitis",249,"y9y33g9pxsm3uyf6u9o7kdpf","التهاب الضرع","mastitis","تشمل الأعضاء المرتبطة بالتهاب الضرع الغدة الثديية (الضرع) بأرباعها، والحلمة وقناتها (teat canal) التي تغلقها السدادة الكيراتينية حاجزاً مادياً، والحليب الذي يتغير مظهره في الشكل السريري.",[1253,1258,1262,1266,1270,1273,1276,1279,1282,1285,1288,1291,1294,1297,1300,1303,1306,1309,1312,1315,1318,1321,1324,1327,1330,1333,1336,1339,1342,1345],{"claims":1254,"source":1255,"licence":1256,"source_url":1257,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"contagious and environmental pathogens, clinical mastitis signs, dry period infection share and risk windows, keratin plug, environmental management, dry cow therapy, teat sealants, S. aureus hard to cure, core-antigen vaccines, 10% of coliform cases systemic","University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension - Management of the Dry Cow to Prevent Mastitis (ID-209)","(c) 2012 University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension; reproducible for educational or nonprofit purposes with credit","https:\u002F\u002Fpublications.mgcafe.uky.edu\u002Ffiles\u002FID209.pdf",{"claims":1259,"source":1260,"licence":734,"source_url":1261,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition, over 135 organisms, contagious spread at milking, clinical vs subclinical, 200,000 cells\u002FmL threshold, teat disinfection, dry cow therapy, culling","Antimicrobial Resistance of Major Bacterial Pathogens from Dairy Cows with High Somatic Cell Count and Clinical Mastitis - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7827620\u002F",{"claims":1263,"source":1264,"licence":30,"source_url":1265,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"camel mastitis prevalence, pathogens and risk factors in Egypt, California Mastitis Test","Prevalence of mastitis and its associated risk factors in lactating camels in Northern Egypt - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12503299\u002F",{"claims":1267,"source":1268,"licence":43,"source_url":1269,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms teat canal entry, immune cell influx and SCC, severity range, 200,000 cells\u002FmL threshold, post-milking teat dipping","MSD Veterinary Manual - Mastitis in Cattle (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fmastitis-in-large-animals\u002Fmastitis-in-cattle",{"claims":55,"source":1271,"licence":57,"source_url":1272,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"National Mastitis Council, A Practical Look at Contagious Mastitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F09\u002FA-Practical-Look-at-Contagious-Mastitis.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1274,"licence":57,"source_url":1275,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"National Mastitis Council, A Practical Look at Environmental Mastitis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F06\u002FFact-Sheet-A-Practical-Look-at-Environmental-Mastitis-Formatted.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1277,"licence":57,"source_url":1278,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Maintaining Optimal Mammary Gland Health and Prevention of Mastitis (PMC7927899)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7927899\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1280,"licence":57,"source_url":1281,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments - A review (PMC7649072)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7649072\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1283,"licence":57,"source_url":1284,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"National Mastitis Council, Recommended Milking Procedures","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F06\u002FRecommended-Milking-Procedures-Formatted-002.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1286,"licence":57,"source_url":1287,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"National Mastitis Council, Dry Cow Therapy","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002FDry-Cow-Therapy_formatted9.2026.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1289,"licence":57,"source_url":1290,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"National Mastitis Council, Post-milking Teat Disinfection Fact Sheet","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002FPostmilking-teat-disinfection-fact-sheet-10.20.20.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1292,"licence":57,"source_url":1293,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"National Mastitis Council, The Value and Use of Dairy Herd Improvement Somatic Cell Count","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nmconline.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F06\u002FIN-PROGRESS-Fact-Sheet-The-Value-and-Use-of-Dairy-Herd-Improvement-Somatic-Cell-Count-Formatted.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1295,"licence":57,"source_url":1296,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality (PMC9687184)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9687184\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1298,"licence":57,"source_url":1299,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Regulation (EC) No 853\u002F2004, Annex III Section IX Chapter I (raw milk criteria)","https:\u002F\u002Feur-lex.europa.eu\u002Flegal-content\u002FEN\u002FTXT\u002FHTML\u002F?uri=CELEX:32004R0853",{"claims":55,"source":1301,"licence":57,"source_url":1302,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Mastitis in Ewes","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fmastitis-in-large-animals\u002Fmastitis-in-ewes",{"claims":55,"source":1304,"licence":57,"source_url":1305,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Longitudinal Study of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep in Greece (PMC10603708)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10603708\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1307,"licence":57,"source_url":1308,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"MSD Veterinary Manual, Mastitis in Goats","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Freproductive-system\u002Fmastitis-in-large-animals\u002Fmastitis-in-goats",{"claims":55,"source":1310,"licence":57,"source_url":1311,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Mastitis in goat: A review of etiology, epidemiology, economic impact, and public health concerns (PMC12284564)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12284564\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1313,"licence":57,"source_url":1314,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"The prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity, and factors associated with camel mastitis in Isiolo County, Kenya (PMC9880833)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9880833\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1316,"licence":57,"source_url":1317,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Clinicopathological study on camel mastitis at Matrouh Governorate (PMC10390683)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10390683\u002F",{"claims":55,"source":1319,"licence":57,"source_url":1320,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"EMA, Startvac EPAR scientific discussion (2009)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fscientific-discussion\u002Fstartvac-epar-scientific-discussion_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1322,"licence":57,"source_url":1323,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"EMA, Startvac EPAR product information (SPC)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fproduct-information\u002Fstartvac-epar-product-information_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1325,"licence":57,"source_url":1326,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"EMA CVMP, Startvac summary of opinion (2008)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fsmop-initial\u002Fcommittee-medicinal-products-veterinary-use-summary-opinion-startvac-international-non-proprietary-names-inn-inactivated-vaccine-cattle_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1328,"licence":57,"source_url":1329,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"EMA CVMP, UBAC summary of opinion (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fsmop-initial\u002Fcvmp-summary-positive-opinion-ubac_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1331,"licence":57,"source_url":1332,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"EMA, UBAC EPAR product information (SPC)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.ema.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fdocuments\u002Fproduct-information\u002Fubac-epar-product-information_en.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1334,"licence":57,"source_url":1335,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"UK VMD, VIMCO emulsion for injection for ewes and female goats, SPC","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vmd.defra.gov.uk\u002Fproductinformationdatabase\u002Ffiles\u002FSPC_Documents\u002FSPC_1236917.PDF",{"claims":55,"source":1337,"licence":57,"source_url":1338,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Drugs.com veterinary label, Lysigin (Boehringer Ingelheim, US Vet. Lic. 124)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Flysigin.html",{"claims":55,"source":1340,"licence":57,"source_url":1341,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Drugs.com veterinary label, Bovilis J-5 (Merck Animal Health)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Fbovilis-j-5.html",{"claims":55,"source":1343,"licence":57,"source_url":1344,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Drugs.com veterinary label, J-VAC (Boehringer Ingelheim)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Fj-vac.html",{"claims":55,"source":1346,"licence":57,"source_url":1347,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":257},"Drugs.com veterinary label, Enviracor J-5 (Zoetis)","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F2024\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fvet\u002Fenviracor-j-5.html",[1349,1354,1359,1360,1365,1371,1376,1381,1386,1387,1393,1394,1395,1396,1402,1408,1414],{"id":1350,"documentId":1351,"slug":1352,"name":1352,"heading":1353},1907,"l487k6ut8icl1ciw4963c3e4","cephapirin","سيفابيرين",{"id":1355,"documentId":1356,"slug":1357,"name":1357,"heading":1358},1908,"c1nozf658pg9t0b9uxugm1vz","cloxacillin","كلوكساسيلين",{"id":158,"documentId":159,"slug":160,"name":161,"heading":162},{"id":1361,"documentId":1362,"slug":1363,"name":1363,"heading":1364},1909,"iqrgemkqtmsyyluwq4ik5l55","hetacillin","هيتاسيلين",{"id":1366,"documentId":1367,"slug":1368,"name":1369,"heading":1370},1917,"v41k7e6r9aa0fwclsce7bbdg","hydrogen-peroxide","hydrogen peroxide","بيروكسيد الهيدروجين",{"id":1372,"documentId":1373,"slug":1374,"name":1374,"heading":1375},1916,"uavpo8321vy6bpkk25ph1plk","iodine","اليود",{"id":1377,"documentId":1378,"slug":1379,"name":1379,"heading":1380},1914,"vuft3op2ug4uwtaegtcggop3","novobiocin","نوفوبيوسين",{"id":1382,"documentId":1383,"slug":1384,"name":1384,"heading":1385},1913,"m9o83usfemjjt8md2uor0xa3","pirlimycin","بيرليميسين",{"id":301,"documentId":302,"slug":303,"name":303,"heading":304},{"id":1388,"documentId":1389,"slug":1390,"name":1391,"heading":1392},1910,"ol3t9izccd7ldu0y6p8q4xwp","ceftiofur","Ceftiofur","سيفتيوفور",{"id":146,"documentId":147,"slug":148,"name":149,"heading":150},{"id":214,"documentId":215,"slug":216,"name":217,"heading":218},{"id":220,"documentId":221,"slug":222,"name":223,"heading":224},{"id":1397,"documentId":1398,"slug":1399,"name":1400,"heading":1401},2112,"fep2yq0dwved60ame2ape4rb","dexamethasone","Dexamethasone","ديكساميثازون",{"id":1403,"documentId":1404,"slug":1405,"name":1406,"heading":1407},2087,"jfhish5bw5hjkgxru2gp9qwu","carprofen","Carprofen","كاربروفين",{"id":1409,"documentId":1410,"slug":1411,"name":1412,"heading":1413},2022,"ize7h55bqrd0zo807u81wvy3","ketoprofen","Ketoprofen","كيتوبروفين",{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"heading":90},{"title":1416,"id":1417,"documentId":1418,"heading":1419,"slug":1420,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1421,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1422,"drugs":1431},"Osteomyelitis",366,"eivbuj097dhdzdcwltny64ds","التهاب العظم والنقي","osteomyelitis","يصيب التهاب العظم والنقي العظام ونقي العظم، وأكثر ما يصيب الفقرات والأقراص بين الفقرية (spondylodiscitis)، والمفاصل، والفك السفلي، وعظام الحوض. يتمركز الشكل دموي المنشأ عادةً في الكُردوس (metaphysis) والمشاش (epiphysis) من العظام النامية، وفي جسم العظام الطويلة (diaphysis) لدى البالغين، وقد تمتد العدوى النشطة بناسور إلى السمحاق الخارجي (periosteum). وُصف التهاب العظم والنقي في العظم اللامي (hyoid) لدى العجول بعد إصابات الفك السفلي، ويرتبط العرج في دجاج اللاحم المربى على أرضيات سلكية مرتفعة كثيرًا بالنخر الغضروفي البكتيري المصحوب بالتهاب العظم والنقي (bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis) في الأجزاء القريبة من عظمي الساق والفخذ.",[1423,1427],{"claims":1424,"source":1425,"licence":30,"source_url":1426,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"definition, routes, biofilm, sequestrum, species forms, organisms incl. fungi, acute vs chronic, radiographic lag, culture sampling, debridement and implant removal","Microbiological aspects of osteomyelitis in veterinary medicine: drawing parallels to the infection in human medicine. Vet Q 2022 (PMC8725753)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8725753\u002F",{"claims":1428,"source":1429,"licence":734,"source_url":1430,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology incl. adhesion, RANKL, involucrum; aetiology by species (foals, calves, pigs, broilers, turkeys); risk factors; clinical signs; differentials; treatment approach; foal mortality","Osteomyelitis related lameness across animal species: pathophysiology, etiology, epidemiology and experimental models. Front Vet Sci 2026 (PMC13248973)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13248973\u002F",[1432],{"id":418,"documentId":419,"slug":420,"name":421,"heading":422},{"title":1434,"id":1435,"documentId":1436,"heading":1437,"slug":1438,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1439,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1440,"drugs":1455},"Scrapie",267,"hz4h4lpzx0t7r28on2f0tcd5","مرض السكرابي","scrapie","تشمل الأعضاء والأنسجة المرتبطة بالسكرابي الجهاز العصبي المركزي، وأثبت مواضعه التشخيصية في السكرابي التقليدي النخاع المستطيل عند مستوى المِغلاق (obex)، بينما يتأثر في السكرابي اللانمطي المخيخ والمهاد والعقد القاعدية أكثر. وتشمل كذلك الأنسجة اللمفية الشبكية، ومن الأنسجة التي يمكن أخذ خزعات منها للفحص في الحيوان الحي اللوزة الحنكية والجفن الثالث والنسيج اللمفي المرتبط بالغشاء المخاطي في منطقة المستقيم والشرج (RAMALT)، وتشمل أيضاً الجلد الذي كثيراً ما تُحدث فيه الحكة المستمرة آفات موضعية يسببها الحيوان لنفسه، والأغشية الجنينية.",[1441,1445,1449,1452],{"claims":1442,"source":1443,"licence":18,"source_url":1444,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, classical vs atypical, genetics, transmission, age, clinical signs, differential diagnoses, BSE discrimination, no vaccine, no human link","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.8.11 Scrapie (2022)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.11_SCRAPIE.pdf",{"claims":1446,"source":1447,"licence":43,"source_url":1448,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms TSE, disinfectant resistance, birthing transmission, 2 to 5 years to signs, clinical signs, survival 1 to 6 months, codon 171 and goat resistance alleles, tissue-based diagnosis, US eradication 99%","USDA APHIS: Scrapie","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fsheep-goat\u002Fscrapie",{"claims":55,"source":1450,"licence":57,"source_url":1451,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":211},"WOAH Terrestrial Manual, chapter 3.8.10 Scrapie","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.10_SCRAPIE.pdf",{"claims":55,"source":1453,"licence":57,"source_url":1454,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":211},"WOAH - Scrapie disease page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fscrapie\u002F",[],{"title":1457,"id":1458,"documentId":1459,"heading":1460,"slug":1461,"title_ar":11,"associated_anatomy":1462,"is_zoonotic":11,"citations":1463,"drugs":1484},"Sheep pox and goat pox",278,"mzu1t00krovwutdr1lrdldxf","جدري الأغنام وجدري الماعز","sheep-pox-and-goat-pox","تخترق حطاطات الجلد الأدمة والبشرة، وقد تمتد إلى العضلات في الحالات الشديدة. وقد تظهر آفات مخاطية في مواضع متعددة، منها الفم والمنخران والعينان والشرج والمهبل والغلفة. وتكثر الحطاطات أو الحطاطات المتقرحة على مخاطية الإنفحة (abomasum)، وقد توجد العقيدات والحطاطات في أجزاء أخرى من الجهاز الهضمي، منها الكرش والأمعاء الغليظة والبلعوم والرغامى والمريء. وتُلاحظ في الرئتين آفات صلبة كثيرة يصل قطرها إلى 5 سم، ولا سيما في الفصوص الحجابية، بحسب المنظمة العالمية لصحة الحيوان (WOAH). وتوجد أحيانًا بؤر شاحبة منفصلة تحت المحفظة على سطح الكلية والكبد والخصيتين، وتكون العقد اللمفاوية في الجسم كله متضخمة ووذمية في الغالب وقد تكون محتقنة ونزفية، بحسب مركز الأمن الغذائي والصحة العامة.",[1464,1468,1472,1477,1481],{"claims":1465,"source":1466,"licence":18,"source_url":1467,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"pathophysiology, epidemiology, sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis, expected_prognosis, primary_prevention, associated_anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.8.12 Sheep pox and goat pox (2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.12_S_POX_G_POX.pdf",{"claims":1469,"source":1470,"licence":18,"source_url":1471,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"agent, species, notifiable status, not infectious to humans, vaccines","WOAH disease page: Sheep pox and goat pox","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fsheep-pox-and-goat-pox\u002F",{"claims":1473,"source":1474,"licence":1475,"source_url":1476,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms distribution, transmission, fomite survival, stable flies, lesions, morbidity\u002Fmortality ranges, quarantine and isolation","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State), Sheep and Goat Pox factsheet (2017)","(c) 2003-2017 CFSPH; no reuse licence stated (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fsheep_and_goat_pox.pdf",{"claims":1478,"source":1479,"licence":43,"source_url":1480,"harvested_by":20,"retrieved_at":21},"confirms airborne and contact spread, contagious ecthyma as differential, live vaccines in endemic areas, culling and movement control","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Sheeppox and Goatpox","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fintegumentary-system\u002Fpox-diseases\u002Fsheeppox-and-goatpox",{"claims":55,"source":1482,"licence":57,"source_url":1483,"harvested_by":59,"retrieved_at":60},"WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 14.9 Sheep pox and goat pox (2022)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahc\u002Fcurrent\u002Fchapitre_sheep_pox_goat_pox.pdf",[],{"pagination":1486,"applied":1490,"facets":1494},{"page":1487,"pageSize":1488,"pageCount":1487,"total":1489},1,50,31,{"sort":1491,"species":1492},"alpha",[1493],"goat",{"species":1495,"zoonotic":1548},[1496,1500,1504,1508,1512,1514,1518,1522,1526,1530,1534,1537,1541,1545],{"slug":1497,"label":1498,"label_ar":11,"count":1499},"dog","Dog",48,{"slug":1501,"label":1502,"label_ar":11,"count":1503},"cattle","Cattle",43,{"slug":1505,"label":1506,"label_ar":11,"count":1507},"domestic-cat","Domestic cat",38,{"slug":1509,"label":1510,"label_ar":11,"count":1511},"sheep","Sheep",34,{"slug":1493,"label":1513,"label_ar":11,"count":1489},"Goat",{"slug":1515,"label":1516,"label_ar":11,"count":1517},"horse","Horse",29,{"slug":1519,"label":1520,"label_ar":11,"count":1521},"camel","Camel",21,{"slug":1523,"label":1524,"label_ar":11,"count":1525},"pig","Pig",16,{"slug":1527,"label":1528,"label_ar":11,"count":1529},"chicken","Chicken",15,{"slug":1531,"label":1532,"label_ar":11,"count":1533},"turkey","Turkey",12,{"slug":1535,"label":1536,"label_ar":11,"count":1533},"buffalo","Buffalo",{"slug":1538,"label":1539,"label_ar":11,"count":1540},"deer","Deer",10,{"slug":1542,"label":1543,"label_ar":11,"count":1544},"red-fox","Red fox",6,{"slug":1546,"label":1547,"label_ar":11,"count":1544},"ass","Ass",[1549],{"slug":1550,"label":1550,"count":1551},"true",5]