[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f2tfr6q2rzabn5":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":18},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":18,"species":19,"citations":23,"is_zoonotic":18,"reservoir":18,"drugs":41,"medical_tests":82,"clinical_signs":83,"animal_species":84},230,"ry078eqkbu3ah48fl0jeys8d","bacterial-pneumonia","Bacterial pneumonia","Lungs, bronchi and bronchioles, alveoli, pleura, trachea, upper respiratory tract","In cattle, lesion distribution separates types: bacterial bronchopneumonia is cranioventral, whereas interstitial pneumonia is diffuse or caudal with oedema and emphysema, embolic pneumonia scatters abscesses through all lobes, and lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) pneumonia is caudodorsal with worms in bronchi. In dogs and cats, consider neoplasia, congestive heart failure (perihilar pattern in dogs), eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy, viral pneumonia, feline asthma or canine bronchitis, pulmonary haemorrhage and oedema; airway wash with septic inflammation and positive culture confirms bacterial pneumonia, and eosinophilia points elsewhere.","In cattle, bacterial pneumonia is the core of the bovine respiratory disease complex. Weaned, transported and commingled feedlot cattle are most affected, usually 6-10 days after stress, and in dairy calves it is the second most common disease after diarrhoea. Dairy, beef and veal calves also suffer enzootic pneumonia. In dogs and cats the disease is sporadic and usually secondary: roughly a quarter of cases follow aspiration linked to oesophageal or laryngeal disease, vomiting, seizures or anaesthesia, while others follow viral respiratory infection or inhaled grass awns. Multidrug-resistant organisms are a concern in hospital-acquired cases.","In dogs and cats, 77-94% of inpatients are discharged; recurrent or resistant cases are presumed worse, but unstudied. In cattle, early antimicrobial treatment is key; late cases with abscesses resolve poorly and H. somni or Bibersteinia can kill quickly.","Bacterial pneumonia is infection and inflammation of the lung by bacteria that overcome its defences. In cattle, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni normally live in the upper airway; stress (weaning, transport, mixing) and viral infection erode the mucosa, impair alveolar macrophages and suppress lymphocytes, letting them reach the lung. M. haemolytica leukotoxin kills leukocytes, and its lipopolysaccharide drives inflammation, producing fibrinous, necrotising lobar pneumonia; P. multocida gives suppurative bronchopneumonia and Mycoplasma bovis caseonecrotic foci. In dogs and cats, infection follows aspiration of gastric contents, viral airway disease, inhaled plant foreign bodies, hospital ventilation or immune dysfunction; Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma, E. coli and Pasteurella are common isolates.","Cattle: preconditioning to separate weaning stress from transport, less mixing, vaccination against M. haemolytica, and metaphylaxis in high-risk groups. Dogs and cats with aspiration risk: upright feeding and control of vomiting.","In cattle the earliest signs are dullness and fever of 40-41 C with no signs in other body systems, followed by mucopurulent nasal discharge, moist cough, rapid shallow breathing and abnormal lung sounds; some die suddenly. At necropsy there is firm, cranioventral consolidation, marbled with fibrin and necrosis in shipping fever. Dogs show a soft cough becoming productive, lethargy, anorexia, exercise intolerance and increased breathing effort, progressing to cyanosis. Cats breathe fast and shallowly, and their cough may be mistaken for retching. Radiographs show alveolar patterns, often cranioventral after aspiration, but lag behind clinical signs.",null,[20,21,22],"Cattle","Dogs","Cats",[24,31,36],{"claims":25,"source":26,"licence":27,"source_url":28,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"cattle pathophysiology, defence impairment, leukotoxin and LPS, lesion types, timing after stress, affected groups, differential lesion patterns","Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Pneumonia, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010 (PMC7185769)","Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved (PMC free access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7185769\u002F","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":32,"source":33,"licence":34,"source_url":35,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"dog and cat causes, isolates, signs, radiography, diagnosis, differentials, 77-94% discharge, aspiration management","Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract (PMC7114586)","Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved (PMC free access)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7114586\u002F",{"claims":37,"source":38,"licence":39,"source_url":40,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"confirmation: cattle agents, stressors, early signs and fever, lesions, prognosis for H. somni and Bibersteinia, early antimicrobials, preconditioning, vaccination, metaphylaxis","Merck Veterinary Manual - Bacterial Pneumonia in Cattle with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Frespiratory-system\u002Fbovine-respiratory-disease-complex\u002Fbacterial-pneumonia-in-cattle-with-bovine-respiratory-disease-complex",[42,47,51,56,61,66,70,74,78],{"id":43,"documentId":44,"slug":45,"name":46},1565,"d02pmms11myfi4zivvd8zp6t","ampicillin","Ampicillin",{"id":48,"documentId":49,"slug":50,"name":50},1663,"it07okh9q018mzk26lcmwctw","chlortetracycline",{"id":52,"documentId":53,"slug":54,"name":55},1580,"wjanoxggjve411i0xbpdef6k","erythromycin","Erythromycin",{"id":57,"documentId":58,"slug":59,"name":60},1566,"mobwje6owluqel8b1iwtnnj6","oxytetracycline","Oxytetracycline",{"id":62,"documentId":63,"slug":64,"name":65},1762,"y0tgzdbbrz7imizicaywhnai","penicillin-g","penicillin g",{"id":67,"documentId":68,"slug":69,"name":69},1811,"rdytkkdoyygm1b9x0vhzx8vr","sulfadimethoxine",{"id":71,"documentId":72,"slug":73,"name":73},1812,"fpmxum4xpqrlgidd7ob6tsug","sulfamethazine",{"id":75,"documentId":76,"slug":77,"name":77},1814,"vofh56qik76ntlhay999ri15","sulfisoxazole",{"id":79,"documentId":80,"slug":81,"name":81},1819,"caokmdlctsumv3pue1d5tlea","tetracycline",[],[],[85,89,94],{"id":86,"documentId":87,"slug":88,"name_en":20,"name_ar":18},777,"h9lqv8yrfatdtq0hbnxk1jug","cattle",{"id":90,"documentId":91,"slug":92,"name_en":93,"name_ar":18},1414,"rvkmhyozs6s1tlfu4ehuopce","dog","Dog",{"id":95,"documentId":96,"slug":97,"name_en":98,"name_ar":18},1426,"j7o7tp1w2784juwb4te34z5r","domestic-cat","Domestic cat"]