[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f3gd4kben450m2":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":18},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":18,"species":19,"citations":21,"is_zoonotic":18,"reservoir":18,"drugs":48,"medical_tests":49,"clinical_signs":50,"animal_species":51},120,"q225am7ruy203o7rjgq507pa","bovine-anaplasmosis","Bovine anaplasmosis","Blood (red blood cells), spleen, liver, gallbladder, lungs, mucous membranes, reproductive tract (abortion)","Babesiosis, often endemic in the same areas, is the main confusion: it produces haemoglobin in blood and urine, which anaplasmosis does not. Theileriosis and leptospirosis also cause anaemia or jaundice. Confirmation in every case rests on finding the organism: Anaplasma marginale inside red cells near the margin on a Giemsa-stained blood or organ smear, or by PCR; A. centrale sits toward the cell centre.","Only cattle are covered here; A. marginale has not been reported in people. It occurs in most tropical and subtropical countries and some temperate regions. Transmission is biological through ticks, notably Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor species, and mechanical through biting flies such as Tabanus and through blood on reused needles or surgical, dehorning and castration equipment; transplacental infection also occurs. Susceptibility rises with age: calves under a year usually show little or nothing, and severe disease is concentrated in adults. Bos taurus breeds appear more susceptible than Bos indicus. In northern Algeria, 4.0% of 299 clinically ill cattle presented to veterinary clinics carried A. marginale, with cases peaking in July during the tick season and some co-infected with Theileria annulata. Carrier cattle are the reservoir.","Untreated newly infected adult cattle may suffer 30-50% mortality (Illinois Extension); calves rarely die. Early tetracycline treatment helps, but late anaemic cases may not tolerate handling. Survivors recover slowly and stay lifelong carriers.","Bovine anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma marginale, an obligate intracellular rickettsial bacterium (order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae) that lives inside red blood cells, where it appears in stained smears as dense dots near the cell margin. The organism multiplies in the bloodstream and, at peak, a large share of red cells can be parasitised. The immune system removes infected red cells, and uninfected ones with them, outside the blood vessels, so the result is a progressive anaemia without free haemoglobin in blood or urine. Jaundice appears late in the disease. Poor oxygen supply to the brain is linked to the aggression some cattle show. Animals that survive stay infected for life as carriers. A related species, A. centrale, causes only mild infection.","Tick and biting-fly control, a fresh or sterilised needle and clean instruments for every animal, testing herd additions by ELISA, and live A. centrale vaccination of calves in countries where it is permitted.","In a herd, a dead cow is often the first thing noticed. Affected adults lag behind, stop eating and lose condition and milk yield quickly; fever, pale then yellow mucous membranes, rapid heart and breathing rates, weakness and incoordination follow. Oxygen-starved cattle may turn aggressive, and pregnant cows may abort. Peracute cases can die within hours of signs appearing. Recovery is slow. At necropsy the carcass is markedly anaemic and jaundiced, with an enlarged soft spleen, mottled liver, a distended gallbladder of thick bile, fluid in body cavities and pinpoint haemorrhages.",null,[20],"Cattle",[22,29,34,39,43],{"claims":23,"source":24,"licence":25,"source_url":26,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"agent and taxonomy, signs, carriers, distribution, tick and mechanical transmission, no human infection, smear diagnosis, distinction from babesiosis, live A. centrale vaccine","WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2024 - Chapter 3.4.1 Bovine anaplasmosis","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.04.01_BOVINE_ANAPLASMOSIS.pdf","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":30,"source":31,"licence":32,"source_url":33,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"age-related severity, breed susceptibility, needle and equipment transmission, transplacental carriers, clinical signs incl. aggression and abortion, ELISA screening","Alabama Cooperative Extension System - Bovine Anaplasmosis","(c) 2026 Alabama Cooperative Extension System","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aces.edu\u002Fblog\u002Ftopics\u002Fbeef\u002Fbovine-anaplasmosis\u002F",{"claims":35,"source":36,"licence":37,"source_url":38,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"immune destruction of red cells, dead cows as first sign, 30-50% mortality in untreated adults, oxytetracycline approach, slow recovery, vector control","University of Illinois Extension - Anaplasmosis (Beef Cattle)","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fextension.illinois.edu\u002Fbeef-cattle\u002Fanaplasmosis",{"claims":40,"source":41,"licence":37,"source_url":42,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"confirms extravascular red-cell destruction, necropsy lesions, differentials (babesiosis, leptospirosis, theileriosis)","MSD Veterinary Manual - Anaplasmosis in Ruminants (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fcirculatory-system\u002Fblood-parasites\u002Fanaplasmosis-in-ruminants",{"claims":44,"source":45,"licence":46,"source_url":47,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"A. marginale prevalence and July peak in northern Algeria, co-infection with Theileria annulata","Bovine piroplasmosis-anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (north Algeria) - Europe PMC full text","CC BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC7738714\u002FfullTextXML",[],[],[],[52],{"id":53,"documentId":54,"slug":55,"name_en":20,"name_ar":18},777,"h9lqv8yrfatdtq0hbnxk1jug","cattle"]