[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f4bt9d67xnfx2":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":12},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":12,"species":18,"citations":21,"is_zoonotic":12,"reservoir":12,"drugs":52,"medical_tests":53,"clinical_signs":54,"animal_species":55},195,"sqo79krjkkoqkqf9sn4edmzq","caprine-arthritis-encephalitis","Caprine arthritis\u002Fencephalitis","Joints, mammary gland, lungs, central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), monocyte\u002Fmacrophage system",null,"Goats are the main host, and the virus also infects sheep. Colostrum and milk are the principal route in goats; virus is also present in respiratory secretions, lung fluids and faeces, and infection can pass by close contact, in utero, venereally, and on shared needles, ear-tagging and dehorning equipment. Symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers both shed virus, and most infected animals never show signs. Distribution is highest in industrialised countries and followed the international movement of European dairy goat breeds. In western Iran, a PCR survey found 17% of goats infected (27% in Kurdistan province) and 13 of 15 farms affected, with no seasonal pattern. It is not zoonotic and is a WOAH-listed disease.","No treatment and no vaccine. Infection is lifelong, and goats that develop clinical disease do not recover; care is supportive only, and the disease is ultimately fatal.","Caprine arthritis\u002Fencephalitis is caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, a small ruminant lentivirus (family Retroviridae) closely related to maedi-visna virus of sheep. The virus targets cells of the monocyte\u002Fmacrophage lineage and integrates into host DNA, so infection is lifelong despite a vigorous immune response. It stays largely silent in circulating monocytes; viral expression switches on as those cells mature into macrophages inside tissues. The result is slow, progressive inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration in the joints, udder, lungs and central nervous system, giving four clinical pictures: encephalomyelitis, polyarthritis, indurative mastitis and interstitial pneumonia. There is a long eclipse phase before any signs appear.","Test and cull; quarantine and test new animals twice at least 60 days apart; pasteurised colostrum and milk for kids; sterilise needles and dehorning equipment; artificial insemination; strict biosecurity.","Most infected goats stay clinically normal. In kids under about six months, the neurological form begins as hind-limb weakness and incoordination and progresses to paralysis. In adults, the usual picture is chronic arthritis: stiffness, lameness, swollen joints, reluctance to rise and walking on the knees, with weight loss. Does may develop a firm, swollen udder with low milk output. Some adults show cough and laboured breathing from interstitial pneumonia. Signs develop over months to years.",[19,20],"Goats","Sheep",[22,29,34,38,43,47],{"claims":23,"source":24,"licence":25,"source_url":26,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"lentivirus related to maedi-visna, colostrum\u002Fmilk and respiratory transmission, distribution with European dairy breeds, clinical forms, mostly asymptomatic, no vaccine, not zoonotic, WOAH-listed","WOAH - Caprine arthritis\u002Fencephalitis disease page","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fcaprine-arthritis-encephalitis\u002F","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":30,"source":31,"licence":32,"source_url":33,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"monocyte\u002Fmacrophage tropism, maturation-dependent expression, mononuclear infiltration, lifelong integrated infection, organs affected, progression over months to years, fatal outcome, test and cull","Retroviral Infections in Sheep and Goats: Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Host Interaction (PMC3761241)","not captured from source page","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3761241\u002F",{"claims":35,"source":36,"licence":32,"source_url":37,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"long eclipse phase, four clinical forms, Iranian PCR prevalence and herd figures, year-round transmission, no treatment or vaccine","First molecular prevalence study of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats from Western Iran (PMC13314359)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC13314359\u002F",{"claims":39,"source":40,"licence":41,"source_url":42,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"age-based forms, kid and adult signs, transmission routes incl. instruments and in utero, no recovery once clinical, quarantine and testing protocol","Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University - CAE (caprine arthritis encephalitis)","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwaddl.vetmed.wsu.edu\u002F2023\u002F02\u002F07\u002Fcae-caprine-arthritis-encephalitis\u002F",{"claims":44,"source":45,"licence":32,"source_url":46,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"sheep and goats affected, perinatal, venereal and iatrogenic transmission, asymptomatic carriers, control by pasteurisation, AI, equipment sterilisation","Further Insights Into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis: seroprevalence among small ruminants in Peninsular Malaysia (PMC8300945)","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8300945\u002F",{"claims":48,"source":49,"licence":50,"source_url":51,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"confirms kid neurological form age, arthritis and hard udder signs, interstitial pneumonia, no vaccine, heat-treated colostrum and test-and-cull control","MSD Veterinary Manual - Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis","not stated on source page; confirmation only","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msdvetmanual.com\u002Fgeneralized-conditions\u002Fcaprine-arthritis-and-encephalitis\u002Fcaprine-arthritis-and-encephalitis",[],[],[],[56,61],{"id":57,"documentId":58,"slug":59,"name_en":60,"name_ar":12},1415,"kb5w3rwizs3rqlt7he1sz639","goat","Goat",{"id":62,"documentId":63,"slug":64,"name_en":20,"name_ar":12},1439,"t5n3sypt319doki27xt9jx73","sheep"]