[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f13ldkdiezyky8":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":12},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":12,"species":18,"citations":23,"is_zoonotic":12,"reservoir":12,"drugs":49,"medical_tests":60,"clinical_signs":76,"animal_species":77},97,"ot4bt8rh74mcu3hh5radrqph","dermatophytosis-ringworm","Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)","Skin (stratum corneum, epidermis), hair and hair follicles, nails and claws",null,"The disease occurs worldwide and is one of the commonest zoonoses, and the zoonosis most often caught by veterinary staff in UK and Australian surveys. Trichophyton verrucosum causes most cattle ringworm, while Microsporum canis causes over 90% of cases in cats and is the leading cause in dogs; cats can carry it without signs. Spread is by direct contact and by spores on bedding, equipment and fomites, which can keep a herd infected for years. Young animals are most susceptible. In the region, 74% of samples from farm animals in Beheira, Egypt were positive (sheep 78%, buffaloes 76%, cattle 72%, horses 68%); 55.8% of 760 Egyptian calves had lesions, with risk raised by overcrowding, poor ventilation, beef systems, crossbreeding, parasites and newly bought animals; 11.5% of female camels sampled in central Saudi Arabia were affected; and herd prevalence in Irbid, Jordan cattle ranged from 10% to 100%.","Not fatal. Infection can resolve on its own, a common approach in cattle, and topical antifungal treatment of calves achieved clinical and mycological cure within 14-28 days in one trial. Spores in the environment can sustain herd infection for years.","Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a superficial fungal infection of keratinised tissue (skin, hair and nails or claws) caused by dermatophytes of the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. Infective spores (arthroconidia) attach to keratin within hours, germinate and invade the stratum corneum, often through small wounds or damaged skin. The fungi secrete keratin-digesting and protein-digesting enzymes, including serine proteases, so they can live on keratin and damage host proteins; hairs are invaded from the outside (ectothrix). Cell wall components are recognised by innate immune receptors, triggering inflammatory cytokines that produce the redness, swelling and hair loss of a lesion. Outcome depends on fungal species, spore dose and host immunity; stress-related cortisol and weakened skin barriers, for example with zinc deficiency, favour infection.","Avoid overcrowding, keep good ventilation and hygiene, isolate or check newly bought animals, control parasites, decontaminate housing and equipment, and wash hands after handling animals to limit spread to people.","The typical lesion is a round, well-demarcated patch of hair loss with scale and crust that spreads outward. In cattle, grey-white, thick, asbestos-like crusts appear mainly on the head, neck and around the eyes, sometimes the rump or the whole body; when crusts are lifted a hairless, reddened area remains. Pruritus and restlessness may reduce feed intake. In dogs and cats, multifocal hair loss, redness, papules, pustules, scaling and crusts occur, often on the face, legs or tail, and prolonged inflammation can leave permanent hair loss. Lesions vary with fungal species, host and body site.",[19,20,21,22],"canine","feline","equine","bovine",[24,31,35,39,44],{"claims":25,"source":26,"licence":27,"source_url":28,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"genera, M. canis share in cats, attachment and invasion of stratum corneum, keratolytic enzymes, immune recognition, cortisol, clinical signs in dogs, cats and cattle, prevalence in Egypt farm animals, Saudi camels and Jordan cattle","Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review (Veterinary World) - Europe PMC full text","CC BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC7396343\u002FfullTextXML","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":32,"source":33,"licence":27,"source_url":34,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"T. verrucosum in cattle, zoonotic spread, calf lesions and distribution, ectothrix arthroconidia, Egyptian prevalence and risk factors, cure within 14-28 days on topical treatment","Ringworm in calves: risk factors, improved molecular diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy of an Aloe vera gel extract (BMC Veterinary Research) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC7640396\u002FfullTextXML",{"claims":36,"source":37,"licence":27,"source_url":38,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"worldwide zoonosis, veterinary staff infection surveys, host species, environmental spores sustaining herd infection for years, young animals at risk, asymptomatic cats, spontaneous resolution used in cattle, disinfection advice","A comparison of the existing recommendations for human and veterinary clinicians on the management and prevention of the zoonotic aspects of dermatophytosis (PLoS One) - Europe PMC full text","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC12981445\u002FfullTextXML",{"claims":40,"source":41,"licence":42,"source_url":43,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"T. verrucosum as principal cattle agent, persistence of arthroconidia in housing, asbestos-like crusts and lesion sites, pruritus and reduced intake, zinc and skin barrier","Serum Macro- and Trace-Element Alterations and Redox Imbalance in Cattle with Naturally Occurring Dermatophytosis (Animals, MDPI) - Europe PMC full text","CC BY","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC13359616\u002FfullTextXML",{"claims":45,"source":46,"licence":47,"source_url":48,"harvested_by":29,"retrieved_at":30},"fungal genera, spread by contact with infected animals, hand washing after touching pets","CDC - About Ringworm","not stated on source page (US federal government work)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fringworm\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",[50,55],{"id":51,"documentId":52,"slug":53,"name":54},1581,"qbx84ldo1uoc46l9sj7m129b","ketoconazole","Ketoconazole",{"id":56,"documentId":57,"slug":58,"name":59},1582,"lajk1pbqxkppno24055pu4al","itraconazole","Itraconazole",[61,66,71],{"id":62,"documentId":63,"slug":64,"title":65},100,"xqgpo4fz4hkn9udan740b26p","woods-lamp-examination","Wood's Lamp Examination",{"id":67,"documentId":68,"slug":69,"title":70},20,"re41soeindqtestol23d2jro","fungal-culture","Fungal Culture",{"id":72,"documentId":73,"slug":74,"title":75},98,"plrrhdyyuymh0jo4fqz4au1k","skin-scraping","Skin Scraping",[],[78,83,88,93],{"id":79,"documentId":80,"slug":81,"name_en":82,"name_ar":12},777,"h9lqv8yrfatdtq0hbnxk1jug","cattle","Cattle",{"id":84,"documentId":85,"slug":86,"name_en":87,"name_ar":12},1414,"rvkmhyozs6s1tlfu4ehuopce","dog","Dog",{"id":89,"documentId":90,"slug":91,"name_en":92,"name_ar":12},1425,"gk2ehqoeeinarnk4yz37j5o4","horse","Horse",{"id":94,"documentId":95,"slug":96,"name_en":97,"name_ar":12},1426,"j7o7tp1w2784juwb4te34z5r","domestic-cat","Domestic cat"]