[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f3ip1v1j475is9":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":18},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":18,"species":19,"citations":25,"is_zoonotic":18,"reservoir":18,"drugs":38,"medical_tests":39,"clinical_signs":40,"animal_species":41},214,"j1tpz2ahyggy38gxnfg60lnp","furunculosis","Furunculosis","Skin (boils, ulcers, darkening)","Ulcerative skin disease in non-salmonid fish such as carp and goldfish is usually caused by atypical A. salmonicida strains and is classed as a separate disease from true furunculosis. Typical and atypical isolates are separated in the laboratory by pigment production, colony size and growth rate, haemolysis and sucrose fermentation, with 16S rRNA sequencing and multilocus sequence typing now used. Treated carriers can hold bacteria below laboratory detection limits.","Typical A. salmonicida causes serious disease in trout and salmon worldwide and infects wild and farmed fish of all ages in fresh, brackish and marine water; almost any fish species can act as a reservoir. Atlantic salmon, brook trout, brown trout and lake trout are particularly susceptible, while rainbow trout are relatively resistant. It is mainly a hatchery disease, where stress favours outbreaks. Spread comes from infected and carrier fish, and in one US hatchery outbreak fish-eating birds such as herons and ospreys were the suspected route. Atypical strains occur in carp, goldfish, minnows, perch, pike and catfish. Human risk is disputed: a US state wildlife agency states none, whereas a 2020 review cites recent reports of human septicaemia and endocarditis.","Acute outbreaks cause high mortality, reaching 100% in untreated experimental groups; the chronic form kills fewer fish. Antibiotic treatment can end outbreaks, but treated fish may stay carriers and relapse under stress. Drug resistance is increasing.","In fish medicine, furunculosis is the disease of salmon and trout caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida (the 'typical' strain); infections by atypical strains in other fish are treated as separate diseases. The bacterium was first isolated from an outbreak in a Bavarian brown trout hatchery, and it is regarded mainly as a fish pathogen because it cannot grow at human body temperature (37 degrees C). The disease takes its name from the furuncle-like swellings (boils) it raises in the skin, which later break open into ulcers. In the acute form infection overwhelms the fish within days, often before any external lesion appears. Fish that survive or are treated can remain carriers, and stress can reactivate disease in them.","Biosecurity: no fish from outside sources, dedicated equipment, thorough disinfection, deter fish-eating birds. Vaccinate susceptible stock, though vaccine failures occur. Stock more resistant species or strains. Stock only fish tested negative.","Signs depend on how fast the disease moves. The acute form, most common in growing fish and mature adults, begins suddenly over 2-3 days and kills many fish; external signs are often absent or limited to darkening of the skin. The chronic form, most common in older fish, causes fewer deaths: fish become sluggish and develop boils that protrude through the skin and later ulcerate.",null,[20,21,22,23,24],"Atlantic salmon","Brook trout","Brown trout","Lake trout","Rainbow trout",[26,33],{"claims":27,"source":28,"licence":29,"source_url":30,"harvested_by":31,"retrieved_at":32},"epidemiology (susceptible species, hatchery disease, stress, bird spread, atypical strains in other fish, no human risk), acute and chronic signs, carriers and relapse, antibiotic treatment, prevention (biosecurity, disinfection, vaccination, resistant strains, testing before stocking)","New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish and Wildlife - Questions and Answers Concerning Furunculosis (2014)","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nj.gov\u002Fdep\u002Ffgw\u002Fpdf\u002F2014\u002Ffurunculosis_q-a.pdf","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":34,"source":35,"licence":36,"source_url":37,"harvested_by":31,"retrieved_at":32},"agent and subspecies, typical versus atypical definition, first isolation, furuncle-like swelling becoming ulcerative, host range and reservoirs, species susceptibility, 37 C growth limit, human septicaemia and endocarditis reports, laboratory differentiation, 100% to 10% mortality in phage study, antimicrobial resistance, vaccination failure","Park SY et al. (2020) Recent Insights into Aeromonas salmonicida and Its Bacteriophages in Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review, Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, via PubMed Central","Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC9728264\u002F",[],[],[],[42,46,51,55,59],{"id":43,"documentId":44,"slug":45,"name_en":21,"name_ar":18},1327,"r64zihvahtpms5wsaq1vldto","brook-trout",{"id":47,"documentId":48,"slug":49,"name_en":50,"name_ar":18},1357,"c3uxxkn9ln6jxce6m568gkms","brown-trout-sea-trout","Brown trout (sea trout)",{"id":52,"documentId":53,"slug":54,"name_en":24,"name_ar":18},1437,"gychg0nzha6dy66lle5fya8s","rainbow-trout",{"id":56,"documentId":57,"slug":58,"name_en":20,"name_ar":18},1442,"eu3e8xbd5a9knoszojvdx15f","atlantic-salmon",{"id":60,"documentId":61,"slug":62,"name_en":23,"name_ar":18},1501,"bu0ie7dm05p835nk2uitkv1d","lake-trout"]