[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f2httyui06tlg4":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":18},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":18,"species":19,"citations":25,"is_zoonotic":18,"reservoir":18,"drugs":46,"medical_tests":47,"clinical_signs":48,"animal_species":49},225,"ioxr1hn3oigdn7z3dnl5ox1i","infection-with-rift-valley-fever-virus","Infection with Rift Valley fever virus","Liver, gallbladder, lymph nodes, spleen, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, serosal membranes, uterus and placenta, fetus","WOAH lists bluetongue, Wesselsbron disease, enterotoxaemia of sheep, ephemeral fever, brucellosis, vibriosis, trichomonosis, Nairobi sheep disease, heartwater, ovine enzootic abortion, toxic plants, bacterial septicaemias, rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants and anthrax. Clinical signs are non-specific; the pattern that points to Rift Valley fever is an abortion storm with high neonatal mortality, diffuse hepatic necrosis at necropsy and concurrent human illness after heavy rain. Confirmation needs RT-PCR, antigen ELISA, histopathology with immunostaining, or IgM serology.","Sheep, goats and cattle are the main amplifying hosts; wild ruminants also become infected, usually without disease. Aedes and Culex mosquitoes are the key vectors, and Aedes can pass the virus through its eggs, so explosive epizootics follow heavy rain or flooding that hatches large numbers of infected mosquitoes, or new irrigation and dam schemes. The disease is endemic across much of Africa; major outbreaks struck Egypt (1977-78, 1993), and the first outbreaks outside Africa occurred in Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 2000, with sentinel animals in Saudi Arabia still showing sporadic infection. It is zoonotic: people are infected by handling blood, tissues and abortion material, by aerosols, or by mosquito bites. It is a WOAH-listed disease, and suspected cases should be reported under national rules.","No specific treatment; care is supportive. Newborn lambs and kids: 70-100% mortality. Adult sheep: 20-70% (WOAH card) vs 10-30% (CFSPH). Adult cattle usually under 10%. Camels: resistant per WOAH, but fatal haemorrhagic cases per CFSPH.","Rift Valley fever is caused by Rift Valley fever virus, a negative-sense, three-segmented RNA virus of the genus Phlebovirus (family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales). A single serotype exists, but strains vary in virulence. After a mosquito delivers the virus, it produces an acute or peracute systemic infection whose most consistent target is the liver, where it causes focal to generalised hepatic necrosis, most severe in the young. Widespread haemorrhages on serosal surfaces, enlarged oedematous lymph nodes and spleen, and haemorrhagic enteritis follow. The virus crosses the placenta, so pregnant animals abort regardless of stage of gestation, and abortion products carry large amounts of virus. The infection does not produce a carrier state.","Live attenuated (Smithburn, Clone-13) or inactivated vaccines in endemic areas ahead of rain-driven outbreaks; Smithburn can cause abortion in pregnant stock. Movement control, draining or treating mosquito breeding water, protection at slaughter.","The first warning is usually a wave of abortions in pregnant sheep, goats and cattle together with deaths of newborn animals, often alongside flu-like illness in the people handling them. Newborn lambs show fever, anorexia, weakness, abdominal pain and rapid breathing and may die within 24-36 hours. Older lambs and adult sheep can die suddenly or show fever, vomiting, bloody or fetid diarrhoea, mucopurulent nasal discharge and occasional icterus. Adult cattle are often subclinical apart from abortion, fever and a fall in milk yield. At necropsy the liver is enlarged, discoloured and studded with small necrotic foci, with widespread haemorrhages.",null,[20,21,22,23,24],"Sheep","Goats","Cattle","Camels","Water buffalo",[26,33,37,42],{"claims":27,"source":28,"licence":29,"source_url":30,"harvested_by":31,"retrieved_at":32},"agent classification, vectors, geography incl. Egypt and Arabian Peninsula, susceptibility tiers, zoonotic routes, vaccines","WOAH - Rift Valley fever disease page","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Frift-valley-fever\u002F","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":34,"source":35,"licence":29,"source_url":36,"harvested_by":31,"retrieved_at":32},"pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical signs by species, lesions, differential list, mortality tiers, camels resistant, prevention and vaccines","WOAH (OIE) Technical Disease Card - Rift Valley fever (Dec 2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fapp\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Frift-valley-fever.pdf",{"claims":38,"source":39,"licence":40,"source_url":41,"harvested_by":31,"retrieved_at":32},"confirmation: hepatic necrosis, in-utero transmission, Saudi Arabia endemicity, mortality figures (adult sheep 10-30%), clinical cases in camels, supportive treatment, vaccine risks","Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University - Rift Valley Fever factsheet (Apr 2025)","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Frift_valley_fever.pdf",{"claims":43,"source":44,"licence":40,"source_url":45,"harvested_by":31,"retrieved_at":32},"species affected incl. camels and buffalo, transmission to people, animal vaccines exist","CDC - About Rift Valley Fever","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Frift-valley-fever\u002Fabout\u002Findex.html",[],[],[],[50,54,59,64,69],{"id":51,"documentId":52,"slug":53,"name_en":22,"name_ar":18},777,"h9lqv8yrfatdtq0hbnxk1jug","cattle",{"id":55,"documentId":56,"slug":57,"name_en":58,"name_ar":18},790,"jkfqato7h2oc2847wygzmagk","camel","Camel",{"id":60,"documentId":61,"slug":62,"name_en":63,"name_ar":18},1410,"fkk97am9k1b8ygyqodz48cp4","buffalo","Buffalo",{"id":65,"documentId":66,"slug":67,"name_en":68,"name_ar":18},1415,"kb5w3rwizs3rqlt7he1sz639","goat","Goat",{"id":70,"documentId":71,"slug":72,"name_en":20,"name_ar":18},1439,"t5n3sypt319doki27xt9jx73","sheep"]