[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f2l69rviwd6t4w":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":18},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":18,"species":19,"citations":22,"is_zoonotic":18,"reservoir":18,"drugs":35,"medical_tests":36,"clinical_signs":37,"animal_species":38},113,"hz4h4lpzx0t7r28on2f0tcd5","scrapie","Scrapie","Central nervous system (brain), lymphoreticular tissues (tonsil, rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, third eyelid), skin and wool (self-trauma), fetal membranes","WOAH lists ectoparasitism, Aujeszky's disease, rabies, cerebral listeriosis, maedi-visna, pregnancy toxaemia, hypomagnesaemia, and chemical or plant poisoning as conditions that can resemble early scrapie. Because no single clinical sign is specific, the separating step is laboratory confirmation: spongiform vacuolation or immunodetection of PrPSc in target brain areas, or in lymphoid biopsies for classical scrapie. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in small ruminants is excluded by molecular typing of PrPSc.","Classical scrapie affects most breeds of sheep and goats, and captive mouflon, and has been reported in Europe, North America, Asia and Africa, often introduced by importing animals. It passes from dam to offspring around lambing and in utero, through fetal membranes and milk, and horizontally to unrelated animals; contaminated pastures and buildings remain infectious for years. Apparently healthy infected animals spread it. Incubation usually exceeds a year and most cases occur at 2 to 5 years of age. Atypical scrapie appears sporadically, mostly in older animals, and is not considered naturally transmitted. WOAH finds no evidence of a causal link with human prion disease. The US eradication programme reports scrapie eliminated in 99% of its sheep and goats.","Always fatal once signs appear; no treatment or vaccine. Clinical course lasts from a week to several months (WOAH); animals survive 1 to 6 months after signs begin (APHIS).","Scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, or prion disease, of sheep and goats. The agent is an abnormal isoform (PrPSc) of the host's own prion protein; it accumulates in the central nervous system and produces vacuolar, spongiform change, and clinical disease follows only once the agent reaches the brain. In classical scrapie PrPSc also builds up in lymphoid tissues such as tonsil and rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, depending on genotype, whereas atypical scrapie (Nor98) involves little or no lymphoid tissue. Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene, notably sheep codons 136 and 171, determine susceptibility. Infection triggers no specific antibody response, and the agent resists most disinfectants including alcohol and formalin.","Breed for resistant prion protein genotypes (sheep codon 171 R allele; goat S146, D146, K222 alleles); active surveillance with brain or lymphoid tissue testing; care when importing stock. No vaccine.","Onset is insidious, with subtle behaviour changes such as apparent confusion, a staring gaze and separation from the flock. Signs progress either to pruritus, with rubbing and scraping that removes wool over the flanks, thorax, hindquarters and tail head, and a nibble reflex when the back is scratched, or to ataxia, with swaying hindquarters, high-stepping forelimbs, stumbling and finally recumbency. Tremor, teeth grinding, low head carriage and weight loss are common. Atypical scrapie shows mainly ataxia, sometimes circling, without pruritus. Confirmation requires brain or lymphoid tissue showing vacuolation or PrPSc.",null,[20,21],"Sheep","Goats",[23,30],{"claims":24,"source":25,"licence":26,"source_url":27,"harvested_by":28,"retrieved_at":29},"pathophysiology, classical vs atypical, genetics, transmission, age, clinical signs, differential diagnoses, BSE discrimination, no vaccine, no human link","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.8.11 Scrapie (2022)","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.11_SCRAPIE.pdf","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":31,"source":32,"licence":33,"source_url":34,"harvested_by":28,"retrieved_at":29},"confirms TSE, disinfectant resistance, birthing transmission, 2 to 5 years to signs, clinical signs, survival 1 to 6 months, codon 171 and goat resistance alleles, tissue-based diagnosis, US eradication 99%","USDA APHIS: Scrapie","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aphis.usda.gov\u002Flivestock-poultry-disease\u002Fsheep-goat\u002Fscrapie",[],[],[],[39,44],{"id":40,"documentId":41,"slug":42,"name_en":43,"name_ar":18},1415,"kb5w3rwizs3rqlt7he1sz639","goat","Goat",{"id":45,"documentId":46,"slug":47,"name_en":20,"name_ar":18},1439,"t5n3sypt319doki27xt9jx73","sheep"]