[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$fa53o20fht3jq":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":18},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":18,"species":19,"citations":22,"is_zoonotic":18,"reservoir":18,"drugs":44,"medical_tests":45,"clinical_signs":46,"animal_species":47},109,"mzu1t00krovwutdr1lrdldxf","sheep-pox-and-goat-pox","Sheep pox and goat pox","Skin, mucous membranes of eyes, nose, mouth, vulva and prepuce, lungs, abomasum and wider digestive tract, trachea, superficial and internal lymph nodes, kidney, liver, testes","Contagious pustular dermatitis (orf, contagious ecthyma) causes milder, crusting, proliferative lesions mainly around the mouth, and its parapoxvirus appears smaller, oval and striated under electron microscopy. In indigenous breeds with only a few lesions, capripox may be mistaken for insect bites. Lumpy skin disease virus cannot be separated serologically, so the species affected and specific PCR are used to distinguish the capripoxviruses; PCR on lesion material confirms the diagnosis.","Only sheep and goats are known to be affected, and the viruses are not considered infectious to humans. The diseases are endemic in Africa north of the Equator, the Middle East, Turkey and parts of Asia including the Indian subcontinent; Morocco and Israel were among countries reporting outbreaks in 2010-2015, and Greece and Bulgaria suffer incursions. Spread is mainly by close contact and aerosol, also through abraded skin, contaminated pens and fomites; virus persists for months in scabs, wool and shaded, uncleaned pens. Stable flies can carry it mechanically. Indigenous breeds often show mild disease, while imported breeds and animals from long-free areas are severely affected. Incubation is 8 to 13 days after contact. WOAH lists the disease as notifiable.","No specific treatment. Often mild in indigenous breeds; mortality up to 100% in fully susceptible breeds (WOAH). CFSPH: overall mortality often under 10%, sometimes over 50%, near 100% in newly imported flocks. Scabs persist up to 6 weeks.","Sheep pox and goat pox are caused by sheeppox virus and goatpox virus, closely related capripoxviruses (family Poxviridae) that share their genus with lumpy skin disease virus. Most strains are more virulent in one host species, but some cause disease in both sheep and goats. After a viraemic phase the virus generalises to the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs, especially the lungs. Skin papules involve both dermis and epidermis; thrombi in the vessels at the base of each papule cause ischaemic necrosis, so lesions scab and leave scars. Microscopically there is vasculitis, oedema and heavy cellular infiltration, with characteristic large 'sheep pox cells' carrying intracytoplasmic inclusions.","Live attenuated or inactivated vaccines in endemic areas (inactivated give short immunity); quarantine new stock; isolate infected flocks; movement control, disinfection and carcass disposal; culling in free areas.","Fever above 40 degrees C is followed within 2 to 5 days by reddened macules that become firm papules of about 0.5 to 1 cm, most visible on sparsely woolled skin of the groin, axilla, perineum, muzzle, eyelids and ears. Within a day of generalisation, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and enlarged superficial lymph nodes appear; nasal discharge turns mucopurulent and breathing may become laboured. Papules then necrose, scab over and leave scars. Some European breeds die before skin lesions develop. At necropsy, firm nodules up to 5 cm are scattered through the lungs, especially the diaphragmatic lobes, with papules on the abomasum and enlarged, oedematous lymph nodes.",null,[20,21],"Sheep","Goats",[23,30,34,39],{"claims":24,"source":25,"licence":26,"source_url":27,"harvested_by":28,"retrieved_at":29},"pathophysiology, epidemiology, sign_or_symptom, differential_diagnosis, expected_prognosis, primary_prevention, associated_anatomy","WOAH Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.8.12 Sheep pox and goat pox (2024)","(c) WOAH, free to consult","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002FHome\u002Feng\u002FHealth_standards\u002Ftahm\u002F3.08.12_S_POX_G_POX.pdf","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":31,"source":32,"licence":26,"source_url":33,"harvested_by":28,"retrieved_at":29},"agent, species, notifiable status, not infectious to humans, vaccines","WOAH disease page: Sheep pox and goat pox","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.woah.org\u002Fen\u002Fdisease\u002Fsheep-pox-and-goat-pox\u002F",{"claims":35,"source":36,"licence":37,"source_url":38,"harvested_by":28,"retrieved_at":29},"confirms distribution, transmission, fomite survival, stable flies, lesions, morbidity\u002Fmortality ranges, quarantine and isolation","Center for Food Security and Public Health (Iowa State), Sheep and Goat Pox factsheet (2017)","(c) 2003-2017 CFSPH; no reuse licence stated (confirmation only)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu\u002FFactsheets\u002Fpdfs\u002Fsheep_and_goat_pox.pdf",{"claims":40,"source":41,"licence":42,"source_url":43,"harvested_by":28,"retrieved_at":29},"confirms airborne and contact spread, contagious ecthyma as differential, live vaccines in endemic areas, culling and movement control","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Sheeppox and Goatpox","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fintegumentary-system\u002Fpox-diseases\u002Fsheeppox-and-goatpox",[],[],[],[48,53],{"id":49,"documentId":50,"slug":51,"name_en":52,"name_ar":18},1415,"kb5w3rwizs3rqlt7he1sz639","goat","Goat",{"id":54,"documentId":55,"slug":56,"name_en":20,"name_ar":18},1439,"t5n3sypt319doki27xt9jx73","sheep"]