[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"notifications-list":3,"$f5pjbao6s5trx":5},{"data":4},[],{"data":6,"error":18},{"id":7,"documentId":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"associated_anatomy":11,"differential_diagnosis":12,"epidemiology":13,"expected_prognosis":14,"pathophysiology":15,"primary_prevention":16,"sign_or_symptom":17,"medical_code":18,"species":19,"citations":21,"is_zoonotic":18,"reservoir":18,"drugs":43,"medical_tests":44,"clinical_signs":45,"animal_species":46},114,"ejdf5hxdhv3wcg9pu1fydrwf","swine-dysentery","Swine dysentery","Large intestine: caecum, spiral colon, descending colon, rectum; colonic mucosa and mucus layer; mesentery and mesenteric lymph nodes","Colonic spirochaetosis from Brachyspira pilosicoli causes milder green or brown watery to mucoid diarrhoea that may recur. Proliferative enteropathy from Lawsonia intracellularis shows crypt hyperplasia with loss of goblet cells, unlike dysentery. Salmonellosis produces necrotic enterotyphlocolitis extending to the ileum, and culture yields Salmonella. Heavy whipworm (Trichuris suis) infection is also considered. Selective anaerobic culture with PCR or MALDI-TOF identifies the Brachyspira species.","Grower and finisher pigs are mainly affected, weaners less often. Spread is faecal-oral, most often through introduction of subclinical carrier pigs, and indirectly through contaminated transport vehicles, lagoon water and animal vectors. B. hyodysenteriae has been detected in rats, mice, wild birds such as mallards and gulls, feral pigs, dogs, flies and cockroaches, and it survived 78 days in soil containing faeces at 10 degrees C, and up to 112 days in pure pig faeces. Reported prevalence ranges from 0% to nearly 40%. Carriers shed the organism before signs appear, allowing spread before the disease is recognised. Losses come from deaths, antimicrobial costs and poor feed conversion, and diets that deliver more fermentable substrate to the large intestine increase disease.","Mortality 50-90% in severe haemorrhagic cases (Alvarez-Ordonez et al.; Luppi et al.); morbidity can exceed 50% and mortality 30% or more if untreated (MSD). Early antimicrobial treatment is effective, but strains with reduced susceptibility are emerging.","Swine dysentery is a mucohaemorrhagic colitis caused by strongly beta-haemolytic Brachyspira species, chiefly Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, with B. hampsonii and B. suanatina also implicated. These Gram-negative, motile, spiral anaerobes rely on chemotaxis and flagellar motility to reach the colonic mucus layer and produce haemolysins and lipooligosaccharide. Acting together with other anaerobes of the large-bowel microbiota, they injure the surface of the caecum and colon: epithelium necroses, mucus is hypersecreted, multifocal haemorrhage and fibrinous exudate form, goblet cells multiply and neutrophils infiltrate the lamina propria. The damaged mucosa can no longer reabsorb fluid, so diarrhoea containing blood and mucus results.","Strict quarantine of incoming pigs; all-in\u002Fall-out with cleaning and disinfection; rodent and waterfowl control; diets with more soluble fibre (e.g. sugar beet pulp). Vaccines have had limited success.","Early signs are partial anorexia and soft yellow to grey faeces containing mucus and flecks of blood, sometimes with fever of 40 to 40.5 degrees C. Diarrhoea becomes watery, with blood, mucus and fibrinous exudate. Prolonged cases show dehydration, weight loss, hollow flanks and slowed growth. At necropsy, lesions are confined to the caecum, colon and rectum: the intestinal wall, mesentery and mesenteric lymph nodes are hyperaemic and oedematous, and mucus, fibrin and blood cover the mucosa, most markedly at the apex of the spiral colon.",null,[20],"Pigs",[22,29,34,38],{"claims":23,"source":24,"licence":25,"source_url":26,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"agent, virulence factors, microbiota interaction, host and vector range, environmental survival, prevalence, transmission, age, mortality, reduced susceptibility, vaccines, all-in\u002Fall-out and quarantine","Alvarez-Ordonez A et al. Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013","CC BY 3.0","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3709357\u002F","load-reference-corpus.cjs","2026-09-17",{"claims":30,"source":31,"licence":32,"source_url":33,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"agents, age groups, clinical signs, fever, mortality, gross and microscopic lesions, differential diagnoses, diagnostic tests","Luppi A et al. Diagnostic Approach to Enteric Disorders in Pigs. Animals, 2023","CC BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebi.ac.uk\u002Feuropepmc\u002Fwebservices\u002Frest\u002FPMC9913336\u002FfullTextXML",{"claims":35,"source":36,"licence":32,"source_url":37,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"lesions at spiral colon apex, shedding before signs, economic losses, grower-finisher age","Perez-Perez L et al. New insights into swine dysentery: faecal shedding, macro and microscopic lesions and biomarkers in early and acute stages of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection. Porcine Health Management, 2024","https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC11218200\u002F",{"claims":39,"source":40,"licence":41,"source_url":42,"harvested_by":27,"retrieved_at":28},"confirms pathogenesis, faecal-oral spread, rodent and waterfowl reservoirs, clinical signs, lesion sites, differentials, morbidity\u002Fmortality, control and diet","MSD\u002FMerck Veterinary Manual: Swine Dysentery","not stated on source page","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merckvetmanual.com\u002Fdigestive-system\u002Fintestinal-diseases-in-pigs\u002Fswine-dysentery",[],[],[],[47],{"id":48,"documentId":49,"slug":50,"name_en":51,"name_ar":18},1445,"ayia064fhhbaxsj04wpz72xv","pig","Pig"]