Mouse Mus musculus

Mouse2 مصادر موثّقة

تعريف

The house mouse is the reference mammal of biomedical research, studied more than any other mammal in basic biology and human disease, and it reached that position for practical reasons: high fertility, a short gestation, small size, cheap maintenance, and susceptibility to conditions that mirror human disease. Strain matters. Growth rate varies about twofold between genotypes, daily food intake ranges from roughly 3.8 to 6.2 g, and litter size runs three to seven. Clinically the numbers are extreme and bear on every procedure. An adult weighs only 20 to 40 g, the heart runs in the hundreds of beats a minute, and respiration is roughly 94 to 163 breaths a minute with a tidal volume near 0.1 to 0.2 mL, so anaesthesia, fluid volumes and drug doses have no margin for approximation, and heat loss during a procedure is rapid at a body temperature of about 36.5 to 38 C. Reproduction is fast: gestation of 19 to 21 days, weaning at three to four weeks, and females fertile from about six weeks. Pet mice usually live only 1.5 to 2.5 years, and mice practise coprophagy, which affects vitamin B12 and biotin status.

المؤشّرات الحيوية

الوزن عند البلوغ
0.02 – 0.04

MSD gives 20-40 g; AnAge gives 20.5 g. Strain-dependent

مدّة الحمل
19 – 21

MSD gives 19-21 days; AnAge 19 days

حرارة الجسم
36.5 – 38

Loyola University Chicago 36.5-38.0 C; AnAge 36.9 C

معدّل ضربات القلب
325 – 780
مصادر متعارضة

CONTRADICTION KEPT: MSD resting heart rate table gives 450-750 bpm; Loyola University Chicago gives 325-780/min. Widest span covering both; not averaged

معدّل التنفّس
94 – 163

Loyola University Chicago 94-163/min; single source

أقصى طول
18

MSD gives 6-7 in (15-18 cm) including the tail

العمر عند أول تكاثر
6 – 8 weeks

RECOMMENDED age at first mating for laboratory mice (6-8 weeks = 42-56 days = about 1.4-1.8 months), from the breeding manual of the institution that supplies the strains. The same paragraph gives the reason not to breed earlier: laboratory mice become sexually mature between five and eight weeks, males of most strains by six weeks, and precocious strains such as DBA/2J and C3H/HeJ can conceive as young as 23 days - but 'mice bred that early generally produce small litters'. So puberty and recommended first mating are different numbers, and this field holds the latter. This also replaces the withdrawn 30.5-36.7 day figure, which was not a species range at all: those are the two DIET-GROUP means (16.7 vs 20 percent casein) for age at first oestrus in Swiss-STM mice in a single 1960 experiment (Goettsch), quoted in NRC's nutrition tables. Independent corroboration from a mouse genetics reference, not merged in: 'the majority of females from most inbred strains first ovulate naturally between 6 and 8 weeks after birth' (Silver, Mouse Genetics, 4.3.1).

العمر المتوقّع
≤ 4 years

MAXIMUM RECORDED AGE in captivity, not a typical lifespan. AnAge sample size Large, data quality High, and it states the record belongs to ONE male of a wild-derived strain - so 4 years is a single-animal ceiling, not something an ordinary pet or laboratory mouse approaches. Mutant and calorie-restricted mice exceed it and AnAge excludes them from species comparison. A typical-lifespan figure is a different kind of number and is not carried here.

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