فيتامين هـ

فيتامين هـ (vitamin E) فيتامين ذائب في الدهون يصفه دليل MSD البيطري بأنه مضاد أكسدة طبيعي في الأعلاف. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أنه ثبت أن السيلينيوم وفيتامين هـ يعملان معاً على الوقاية من التنكس العضلي التغذوي، ومن اعتلال النخاع والدماغ التنكسي في الخيول، ومن مرض العصبون الحركي في الخيول.

ما هو الدواء وإلى أي صنف ينتمي

يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن لفيتامين هـ ثمانية أشكال طبيعية، وأن د-ألفا-توكوفيرول أعلاها نشاطاً حيوياً. يصف دليل MSD البيطري فيتامين هـ بأنه يعمل مضاداً للأكسدة في الجسم، ويذكر في فصل احتياجات الخيول أن دوره الرئيسي دور مضاد أكسدة حيوي.

آلية العمل

يوضح دليل MSD البيطري أن فيتامين هـ محبّ للدهون ويندمج في أغشية الخلايا موفّراً لها الحماية من الضرر التأكسدي. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن لفيتامين هـ والسيلينيوم كليهما وظيفة مهمة مضادة للأكسدة، وأنهما يحميان أغشية الخلايا من ضرر الجذور الحرة. يفرّق دليل MSD البيطري بين دوري السيلينيوم وفيتامين هـ، فالسيلينيوم مكوّن أساسي لخمسة بروتينات سيلينية مضادة للأكسدة منها الغلوتاثيون بيروكسيداز، بينما يعمل فيتامين هـ مضاداً للأكسدة داخل الطبقات الدهنية الثنائية. يرجع دليل MSD البيطري علامات نقص فيتامين هـ في الغالب إلى خلل وظيفي في أغشية الخلايا مصدره التأكسد.

الاستعمالات البيطرية

يعدّ دليل MSD البيطري نقص السيلينيوم أو فيتامين هـ في الغذاء سبب التنكس العضلي التغذوي لدى العجول والحملان والجداء الصغيرة سريعة النمو. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن نقص السيلينيوم يبدو أهم من نقص فيتامين هـ في إحداث التنكس العضلي التغذوي، وأن ترافق نقص فيتامين هـ معه يرتبط بضرر عضلي أشد. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن الإضافة الغذائية وإعطاء المستحضرات الحاوية للسيلينيوم بالحقن، وكذلك فيتامين هـ، يمكن أن تقي من العلامات السريرية للتنكس العضلي التغذوي وتعكسها. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن مرض العضلات البيضاء في الأغنام ينجم عن انخفاض مستويات السيلينيوم، وربما فيتامين هـ أيضاً.

الأنواع الحيوانية

يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن الخنازير تحتاج فيتامين هـ في جميع أعمارها وأنه وثيق الارتباط بالسيلينيوم، ويضيف أن إضافة فيتامين هـ لا تعالج نقص السيلينيوم إلا جزئياً. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن نشاط فيتامين هـ في الأعلاف ينخفض عند تعرّضها للحرارة والرطوبة العالية والدهون المتزنّخة والأحماض العضوية والمستويات المرتفعة من بعض العناصر النزرة. يصف دليل MSD البيطري فيتامين هـ الطبيعي (د-ألفا-توكوفيرول) بأنه شديد التقلقل، ويذكر أنه يُفقد سريعاً أثناء تخزين الدريس والأعلاف التجارية. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن الأعلاف الخضراء الطازجة مصادر ممتازة لفيتامين هـ، وأن الخيول التي ترعى بحرية في مراعٍ جيدة نادراً ما تحتاج إلى مكمّلات. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن المهور التي ترضع من أفراس على مراعٍ شتوية جافة من أرجح الخيول إظهاراً لنقص فيتامين هـ. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن مرض العصبون الحركي في الخيول يُعتقد أنه يحدث بعد فترات طويلة من نقص فيتامين هـ. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري في فصل اعتلالات العضلات التغذوية لدى المجترات والخنازير أن نقص فيتامين هـ يحدث في الغالب حين تُغذّى الحيوانات بدريس رديء أو تبن أو محاصيل جذرية. ينسب دليل MSD البيطري التنكس العضلي التغذوي في الدجاج والرومي والطيور المائية والنعام إلى نقص فيتامين هـ والسيلينيوم. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري أن آفات نقص فيتامين هـ والسيلينيوم لدى البط والرومي والدجاج لا تقتصر على العضلات الهيكلية، بل سُجّلت كذلك في عضلة القلب وفي الجدار العضلي الأملس للقانصة والأمعاء. يذكر دليل MSD البيطري في فصله عن تسمم الحديد لدى الخنازير حديثة الولادة أن قلة مضادات الأكسدة مثل فيتامين هـ قد تترك صغار الخنازير عرضة لأذى الأنواع التفاعلية للأكسجين المتولدة من الحديد.

السلامة

يعدّ دليل MSD البيطري فيتامين هـ عموماً من أقل الفيتامينات الذائبة في الدهون سمية، وينبّه مع ذلك إلى أن الإفراط الشديد فيه قد يعيق امتصاص فيتامينات أ ود وك ويُظهر علامات نقصها.

النصوص أدناه منقولة حرفياً وبلغتها الأصلية من نشرات الأدوية البيطرية المعتمدة لدى إدارة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية (FDA) وقاعدة بيانات DailyMed.

دواعي الاستعمال (16)

Cattle (5)
  • Cattle (weanling calves)

    For the prevention and treatment of selenium-tocopherol deficiency syndrome.

    Discontinue use 30 days before treated cattle are slaughtered for human consumption. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Velenium™

  • Cattle (breeding beef cows)

    For the prevention and treatment of selenium-tocopherol deficiency syndrome.

    Discontinue use 30 days before treated cattle are slaughtered for human consumption. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Velenium™

  • Cattle (Calves)

    For prevention and treatment of white muscle disease (selenium-tocopherol deficiency syndrome).

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

  • Cattle (Breeding Beef Cattle)

    MU-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is recommended for the prevention and treatment of STD syndrome.

    Do not use in adult dairy cattle. Premature births and abortions have been reported in dairy cattle injected with this product during the third trimester of pregnancy.

    Mu-Se

  • Cattle (Weanling Calves)

    MU-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is recommended for the prevention and treatment of STD syndrome.

    Do not use in adult dairy cattle. Premature births and abortions have been reported in dairy cattle injected with this product during the third trimester of pregnancy.

    Mu-Se

Swine (2)
  • Swine (Weanling Pigs)

    As an aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with Selenium-Tocopherol deficiency, such as hepatic necrosis, mulberry heart disease, and white muscle disease.

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection. Not for use in newborn pigs.

    BO-SE

  • Swine (Sows)

    As an aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with Selenium-Tocopherol deficiency, such as hepatic necrosis, mulberry heart disease, and white muscle disease.

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

Sheep (2)
  • Sheep (Lambs- 2 weeks of age and older)

    For prevention and treatment of white muscle disease (selenium-tocopherol deficiency syndrome).

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

  • Sheep (Ewes)

    For prevention and treatment of white muscle disease (selenium-tocopherol deficiency syndrome).

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

Dogs (2)
  • The drug is intended for use as an aid in alleviating and controlling inflammation, pain and lameness associated with certain arthropathies in dogs.

    Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Seletoc® Injection

  • As an aid in alleviating and controlling inflammation, pain, and lameness associated with certain arthropathies in dogs.

    Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Seletoc® Minicaps and Caps

Horses (1)
  • The drug is intended for use for the prevention and treatment of selenium-tocopherol deficiency syndrome in horses.

    E-SE

دون تحديد نوع الحيوان (4)
  • INDICATIONS BO-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is recommended for the prevention and treatment of white muscle disease (Selenium-Tocopherol Deficiency) syndrome in calves, lambs, and ewes. Clinical signs are: stiffness and lameness, diarrhea and unthriftiness, pulmonary distress and/or cardiac arrest. In sows and weanling pigs, as an aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with Selenium-Toco pherol deficiency, such as hepatic necrosis, mulberry heart disease, and white muscle disease. Where known deficiencies of selenium and/or vitamin E exist, it is advisable, from the prevention and control standpoint, to inject the sow during the last week of pregnancy.

    BO-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • INDICATIONS MU-SE (selenium, vitamin E) is recommended for the prevention and treatment of STD syndrome in weanling calves and breeding beef cattle. Clinical signs are: stiffness and lameness; chronic, persistent diarrhea; unthriftiness; abortions and/or weak premature calves.

    MU-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • INDICATIONS E-SE Injection is recommended for the control of the following clinical signs when associated with myositis (Selenium-Tocopherol Deficiency) syndrome: rapid respiration, profuse sweating, muscle spasms and stiffness, elevated SGOT.

    E-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY

    BO-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

آلية العمل (1)

دون تحديد نوع الحيوان (1)
  • PHARMACOLOGY It has been demonstrated that selenium and tocopherol exert physiological effects and that these effects are intertwined with sulfur metabolism. Additionally, tocopherol appears to have a significant role in the oxidation process, thus suggesting an interrelationship between selenium and tocopherol in overcoming sulfur-induced depletion and restoring normal metabolism. Although oral ingestion of adequate amounts of selenium and tocopherol would seemingly restore normal metabolism, it is apparent that the presence of sulfur and, perhaps, other factors interfere during the digestive process with proper utilization of selenium and tocopherol. When selenium and tocopherol are injected, they bypass the digestive process and exert their full metabolic effects promptly on cell metabolism. Anti-inflammatory action has been demonstrated by selenium-tocopherol in the Selye Pouch Technique and experimentally induced polyarthritis study in rats.

    E-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

موانع الاستعمال (2)

دون تحديد نوع الحيوان (2)
  • CONTRAINDICATION Do not use in adult dairy cattle. Premature births and abortions have been reported in dairy cattle injected with this product during the third trimester of pregnancy.

    MU-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • CONTRAINDICATIONS DO NOT USE IN PREGNANT EWES. Deaths and abortions have been reported in pregnant ewes injected with this product.

    BO-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

التحذيرات (5)

دون تحديد نوع الحيوان (5)
  • WARNINGS Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in horses administered E-SE Injection. Signs include excitement, sweating, trembling, ataxia, respiratory distress, and cardiac dysfunction. These reactions have been reported as associated both with intravenous and intramuscular injections. It is presently unknown whether the mode of application affects the frequency of such reactions. However, reactions associated with intramuscular injections have been reported to manifest more slowly and hence may give more time to institute treatment for anaphylaxis, such as epinephrine and/or corticosteroid injection. Medications which have been reported to cause major adverse reactions in horses should be avoided when E-SE is administered, unless the condition of the animal requires such use. Not to be used in horses intended for food.

    E-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • WARNINGS Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection. Signs include excitement, sweating, trembling, ataxia, respiratory distress, and cardiac dysfunction. Selenium- Vitamin E preparations can be toxic when improperly administered.

    BO-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • WARNINGS Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in cattle administered the MU-SE product. Signs include excitement, sweating, trembling, ataxia, respiratory distress, and cardiac dysfunction.

    MU-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • Residue Warnings: Discontinue use 30 days before the treated calves are slaughtered for human consumption. Discontinue use 14 days before the treated lambs, ewes, sows, and pigs are slaughtered for human consumption.

    BO-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • FOR USE ON ANIMALS ONLY

    Soothex

الآثار الجانبية (1)

دون تحديد نوع الحيوان (1)
  • ADVERSE REACTIONS Reactions, including acute respiratory distress, frothing from the nose and mouth, bloating, severe depression, abortions, and deaths have occurred in pregnant ewes. Do not use product with phase separation or turbidity.

    BO-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

الجرعات (15)

Cattle (5)
  • Cattle (weanling calves)

    1 milliliter per 200 pounds of body weight in weanling calves. For subcutaneous or intramuscular use.

    Subcutaneous, Intramuscular

    Discontinue use 30 days before treated cattle are slaughtered for human consumption. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Velenium™

  • Cattle (breeding beef cows)

    1 milliliter per 200 pounds of body weight during the middle third of gestation, and 30 days before calving in breeding beef cows. For subcutaneous or intramuscular use.

    Subcutaneous, Intramuscular

    Discontinue use 30 days before treated cattle are slaughtered for human consumption. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Velenium™

  • Cattle (Calves)

    2.5-3.75 mL per 100 lbs of body weight depending on the severity of the condition and geographical area

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

  • Cattle (Breeding Beef Cattle)

    1 mL per 200 pounds of body weight during the middle third of pregnancy, and 30 days before calving.

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Do not use in adult dairy cattle. Premature births and abortions have been reported in dairy cattle injected with this product during the third trimester of pregnancy.

    Mu-Se

  • Cattle (Weanling Calves)

    1 mL per 200 pounds of body weight.

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Do not use in adult dairy cattle. Premature births and abortions have been reported in dairy cattle injected with this product during the third trimester of pregnancy.

    Mu-Se

Swine (2)
  • Swine (Weanling Pigs)

    1 mL per 40 lbs body weight (minimum, 1 mL).

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection. Not for use in newborn pigs.

    BO-SE

  • Swine (Sows)

    1 mL per 40 lbs of body weight.

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

Sheep (2)
  • Sheep (Lambs- 2 weeks of age and older)

    1 mL per 40 lbs body weight (minimum, 1 mL).

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

  • Sheep (Ewes)

    2.5 mL per 100 lb body weight.

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Anaphylactoid reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in animals administered BO-SE Injection.

    BO-SE

Dogs (2)
  • The capsules are administered orally with the larger capsules administered at a dosage level of 1 capsule per 20 pounds of body weight to a maximum of 5 capsules with the dosage repeated at 3 day intervals until a satisfactory therapeutic response is observed. A maintenance dosage is then administered consisting of 1 capsule per 40 pounds of body weight, with a minimum of 1 capsule per 40 pounds of body weight, with a minimum of 1 capsule, given every 3 days, or 7 days, or longer, as required to maintain improvement or an asymptomatic condition. For dogs under 20 pounds of body weight, the small capsules are administered orally at a dosage level of 1 per 5 pounds of body weight with a minimum of 1 capsule which dosage is repeated at 3 day intervals until a satisfactory response is observed then a maintenance regimen is initiated with 1 capsule per 10 pounds of body weight, minimum of 1 capsule, every 3 days, or 7 days, or longer as required to maintain continued improvement or an asymptomatic condition.

    Oral

    Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Seletoc® Minicaps and Caps

  • The drug is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly in divided doses in 2 or more sites at a dosage level of 1 milliliter per 20 pounds of body weight with a minimum dosage of 1/4 milliliter and a maximum dosage of 5 milliliters. The dosage is repeated at 3 day intervals until a satisfactory therapeutic response is observed. A maintenance regimen is then initiated which consists of 1 milliliter per 40 pounds of body weight with a minimum dosage of 1/4 milliliter which is repeated every 3 days or 7 days or longer, as required to maintain continued improvement or an asymptomatic condition; or the drug may be used in capsule form for oral maintenance therapy.

    Intramuscular, Subcutaneous

    Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

    Seletoc® Injection

Horses (1)
  • 1 milliliter per 100 pounds of body weight and may be repeated at 5 to 10 day intervals.

    Intramuscular, Intravenous

    E-SE

دون تحديد نوع الحيوان (3)
  • DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Inject subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Calves: 2.5-3.75 mL per 100 pounds of body weight depending on the severity of the condition and the geographical area. Lambs 2 weeks of age and older: 1 mL per 40 pounds of body weight (minimum, 1 mL). Ewes: 2.5 mL per 100 pounds of body weight. Sows: 1 mL per 40 pounds of body weight. Weanling pigs: 1 mL per 40 pounds of body weight (minimum, 1 mL). Not for use in newborn pigs.

    SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRAMUSCULAR

    BO-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administration: slow intravenous injection (see WARNINGS ) or deep intramuscular injections, in divided doses, in two or more sites in the gluteal or cervical muscles. Dosage: 1 mL per 100 pounds of body weight. May be repeated at 5-10 day intervals.

    INTRAVENOUS, INTRAMUSCULAR

    E-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

  • DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Inject subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Weanling calves: 1 mL per 200 pounds of body weight. Breeding beef cows: 1 mL per 200 pounds of body weight during the middle third of pregnancy, and 30 days before calving.

    SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRAMUSCULAR

    MU-SE® (SELENIUM, VITAMIN E) Injection

التراكيز المتوفرة (13)

المنتجالشكل الصيدلانيالتراكيز المتوفرة
Velenium™Liquid (Emulsion)Each milliliter contains 10.95 milligrams sodium selenite (equivalent to 5 milligrams selenium), 50 milligrams of vitamin E (68 U.S.P. units).
Velenium™Liquid (Emulsion)Each milliliter contains 10.95 milligrams sodium selenite (equivalent to 5 milligrams selenium), 50 milligrams of vitamin E (68 U.S.P. units).
BO-SELiquidEach mL contains: 2.19 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 1 mg selenium), and 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate).
BO-SELiquidEach mL contains: 2.19 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 1 mg selenium), and 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate).
BO-SELiquidEach mL contains: 2.19 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 1 mg selenium), and 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate).
BO-SELiquidEach mL contains: 2.19 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 1 mg selenium), and 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate).
BO-SELiquidEach mL contains: 2.19 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 1 mg selenium), and 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate).
Seletoc® Minicaps and CapsCapsuleThe capsules contain 2.19 milligrams of sodium selenite (equivalent to 1 milligram of selenium) and 56.2 milligrams of vitamin E (68 I.U.) (as d-alpha tocopheryl acid succinate) or 0.548 milligram of sodium selenite (equivalent to .25 milligram of selenium and 14 milligrams of vitamin E (17 I.U.) (as d-alpha tocopheryl acid succinate.)
Mu-SeLiquidEach mL contains: 10.95 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 5 mg selenium), 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as (/-alpha tocopheryl acetate), 250 mg polysorbate 80, 2% benzyl alcohol (preservative), water for injection q.s. Sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid may be added to adjust pH.
Mu-SeLiquidEach mL contains: 10.95 mg sodium selenite (equivalent to 5 mg selenium), 50 mg (68 USP units) vitamin E (as (/-alpha tocopheryl acetate), 250 mg polysorbate 80, 2% benzyl alcohol (preservative), water for injection q.s. Sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid may be added to adjust pH.
E-SELiquidEach mL contains: 5.48 milligrams sodium selenite (equivalent to 2.5 milligrams selenium), 50 milligrams of vitamin E (68 I.U.) (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate)
Seletoc® InjectionLiquidThe drug contains in each milliliter 2.19 milligrams of sodium selenite (equivalent to 1 milligram of selenium), 50 milligrams of vitamin E (68 I.U.) (as d-alpha tocopheryl acetate), 100 milligrams of polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, 1:10,000 thimerosal, and water for injection.
——68 [USP'U] / 1 mL