Quail Coturnix

Quail2 مصادر موثّقة

تعريف

This entry is the genus Coturnix, but the bird farmed and studied at scale is the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, and every figure here belongs to it. It is the smallest commercially farmed galliform, raised for small speckled eggs and for meat, and it doubles as a standard laboratory bird. Its defining trait is speed: sexual maturity at five to six weeks against about 26 weeks in the chicken, a generation time near 1.5 months, eggs hatching in 16 to 18 days, and peak hen-day egg production of 87 to 100 percent in Indian varieties whose six-week body weight was 168 to 174 g. Its genome shares roughly 95 percent sequence homology with the chicken, which is why quail substitute for chickens in developmental work. Clinically the constraint is mass: at under 200 g the margin for dosing error is small, and the avian respiratory pattern — air sacs rather than a diaphragm, ventilation driven by sternal movement — makes anaesthesia unforgiving in a bird this size. Newcastle disease and high-pathogenicity avian influenza are notifiable.

المؤشّرات الحيوية

مدّة الحضانة
16 – 18

Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Sources overlap rather than conflict: eXtension 16–18 days, Mississippi State 17 days, eLife 17–18 days; widest span given

العمر عند أول تكاثر
6 – 7 weeks

Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), from a poultry husbandry reference: maturity at about six weeks, first eggs by seven weeks. 6-7 weeks = 42-49 days = about 1.4-1.6 months. Both endpoints come from one sentence. A separate measured study of gray, brown and white Japanese quail varieties (Sahoo et al., Vet World, PMC5021831) states 'the quails under the study attain sexual maturity around 5-6 weeks', slightly earlier; the two are NOT merged. Egg production in Japanese quail also depends on photoperiod - this reference notes 14 to 18 hours of light per day is required to maintain lay, and that 8 hours is deliberately used to withhold sexual maturity in meat birds - so a flock on short days will not breed at 6 weeks. DO NOT use the 1.5-month generation time as the upper bound of this field: generation time is hatch-to-hatch (maturity plus mating plus about 17 days of incubation) and is always longer than age at first breeding.

الوزن عند البلوغ
0.1 – 0.3 kg

MATURE weight of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), sexes separated and the reverse dimorphism stated: males 100-140 g, females 120-160 g (females heavier). Selected Jumbo meat lines reach 250-300 g, which is the 0.3 kg ceiling here. So: ordinary wild-type / laying stock 0.100-0.160 kg, Jumbo lines 0.250-0.300 kg. This replaces a SIX-WEEK body weight (0.168-0.174 kg), which was three variety means from one Odisha trial that stopped at 6 weeks by design - note it sat between the two populations above and matched neither. The profile's scientific name 'Coturnix' is a genus; this figure is Coturnix japonica only.

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