Pig Sus scrofa
تعريف
The pig descends from wild boar domesticated independently in the Near East and in China about ten thousand years ago, with at least six wild lineages feeding the modern gene pool. It is now the most intensively produced large mammal: the United States alone carried 73.7 million hogs in June 2026, of which only 5.88 million were breeding animals. Its economics rest on fecundity and growth - litters of ten to fourteen, 11.87 pigs weaned per litter nationally, 2.3 litters per sow a year, weaning at about three weeks, gilts first bred at 210 to 240 days, and slaughter at 275 lb (about 125 kg) at 175 days. That leaves a population overwhelmingly composed of growing animals, so herd medicine and biosecurity outrank individual treatment. Clinically the species is defined by thermoregulation: pigs have few functional sweat glands and shed heat by panting, so above roughly 24.5 C intake, growth and fertility all fall and a ventilation failure kills within hours. Normal rectal temperature is 38.5 to 39.5 C with a resting respiratory rate of 32 to 58, so heat panting and fever overlap and must be read against house temperature.
المؤشّرات الحيوية
- مدّة الحمل
- 114
- معدّل ضربات القلب
- 70 – 120
- معدّل التنفّس
- 32 – 58
- العمر عند أول تكاثر
- 7 – 8 months
- حرارة الجسم
- 38.7 – 39.8 C
- الوزن عند البلوغ
- 113 – 400 kg
given as about 114 days, or three months, three weeks and three days
MSD resting-heart-rate table, used for corroboration only
MSD resting-respiratory-rate table, used for corroboration only; heat-stressed pigs pant well above this
converted from days by us: gilts first bred at 210-240 days, at 275-325 lb; puberty is reached earlier, at 150-200 days
Normal rectal temperature range for the pig, MSD Veterinary Manual species vital-signs table (adapted from Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals, 12th ed.). Adult animal, rectal route; no stage-of-production split is printed. Replaces the withdrawn 38.5-39.5, which appeared in none of the profile's own cited sources.
MATURE BREEDING STOCK ONLY, sexes separated, no market or finisher weights anywhere in this range. Sows 113-350 kg, boars 149-400 kg. FLOOR 113 kg is the Mangalitsa sow in FAO's 1977-81 USSR national evaluation of 36-MONTH-OLD breeding animals - the source states the age explicitly - with Mangalitsa boars at 149 kg; quoted below. CEILING 400 kg is the boar end of the Porc Blanc de l'Ouest, Races de France (https://racesdefrance.fr/race/porc-blanc-de-louest/, licence '(c) RACES DE FRANCE - TOUS DROITS RESERVES 2026'), verbatim 'Poids adulte femelles : 350 kg / Poids adulte males : 400 kg'. Consistency check on the ceiling: FAO's heaviest 36-month boar in the same evaluation is the Ukrainian Spotted Steppe at 338 kg, and the Livestock Conservancy gives the Hereford pig as 'Mature boars weigh about 800 lbs. and mature sows about 600 lbs.' (363 / 272 kg), so 400 kg is the top of a consistent family and not an outlier. MODERN COMMERCIAL CROSS-CHECK, measured: 1,150 PIC Camborough gilts and sows of parity 0-12 weighed on farm - 'Average BW between breeding and d 4 of gestation were 154, 185, 213, 232, 225, 231, 236, and 247kg for parities 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7+, respectively' (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9003817/) - so a mature commercial sow runs about 230-250 kg, which confirms the withdrawn 147-181 kg pen-space planning figures were low. NOT COVERED: Southeast Asian and African local ecotypes.
تُعرض المؤشّرات المُوثَّقة فقط. غياب مؤشّر هنا يعني أنه غير مذكور في مرجع موثوق لهذا النوع — لا أنه ناقص من الصفحة.
السلالات — لا يوجد ارتباط
لا سلالة منشورة لهذا النوع بعد. السلالات محصودة بأعداد كبيرة وتنتظر اعتماداً بشرياً قبل أن تُنشر.
كل السلالات ←العلامات السريرية — لا يوجد ارتباط
لا علامة سريرية منشورة بعد — وهي أيضاً ما ينقص باحث العلامات.
تصفّح المجموعة ←